This book presents a multidisciplinary overview of a little known interethnic conflict in the southernmost part of the Americas: the tensions between the Mapuche indigenous people and the settlers of European descent in the Araucania region, in southern Chile. Politically autonomous during the colonial period, the Mapuche had their land confiscated, their population decimated and the survivors displaced and relocated as marginalized and poor peasants by Chilean white settlers at the end of the nineteenth century, when Araucania was transformed in a multi-ethnic region marked by numerous tensions between the marginalized indigenous population and the dominant Chileans of European descent.
This contributed volume presents a collection of papers which delve into some of the intercultural dilemmas posed by these complex interethnic relations. These papers were originally published in Spanish and French and provide a sample of the research activities of the Núcleo de Estudios Interétnicos e Interculturales (NEII) at the Universidad Católica de Temuco, in the capital of Araucania. The NEII research center brings together scholars from different fields: sociocultural anthropology, sociolinguistics, ethno-literature, intercultural education, intercultural philosophy, ethno-history and translation studies to produce innovative research in intercultural and interethnic relations. The chapters in this volume present a sample of this work, focusing on three main topics:
The ambivalence between the inclusion and exclusion of indigenous peoples in processes of nation-building.
The challenges posed by the incorporation of intercultural practices in the spheres of language, education and justice.
The limitations of a functional notion of interculturality based on eurocentric thought and neoliberal economic rationality.
Intercultural Studies from Southern Chile: Theoretical and Empirical Approaches will be of interest to anthropologists, linguists, historians, philosophers, educators and a range of other social scientists interested in intercultural and interethnic studies.
Author(s): Gertrudis Payàs, Fabien Le Bonniec
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2020
Language: English
Pages: 154
City: Cham
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Authors
Part I: Practices and Discourses About the Nation
Chapter 1: Commentary to Part I: Nineteenth-Century Araucania: Chileans, Settlers and Indians
References
Chapter 2: In Pursuit of the Ideal Chilean Citizen: The Discursive Foundations of the Colonisation by Immigration of Araucania in the Nineteenth Century
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Vicente Pérez Rosales: Progress Through Spreading Civilisation
2.2.1 The Modernisation of Agriculture as Key to Progress
2.2.2 The Different Aptitudes of Different Peoples and the Need to Expand Those Who Favour Progress
2.2.3 Contact Between a Superior People and an Inferior One Favours the Civilisation of the Latter
2.3 Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna: Progress Through Populating the Land and Imposing Civilisation
2.3.1 The Four Issues Resolved by Immigration
2.3.2 A Hierarchy of Immigrants for Chile
2.4 Nicolás Vega: Population and Civilisation by Mixing European Races
2.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: “As Truthful as It Is Patriotic”: The Dispute Between Rodolfo Lenz and Manuel Manquilef Over Translation
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Indigenous Voices in the National Discourse: Ethnography and Autoethnography
3.3 Rodolfo Lenz and Manuel Manquilef: The Mapuche Language and Culture
3.4 The Paratext and the Control of the Narrative
3.5 The Paratexts in Comentarios I
3.6 The Paratexts in Comentarios II
3.7 Translation: Identity, Truth and Verisimilitude
3.8 Conclusion
References
Part II: Contemporary Intercultural Practices
Chapter 4: Commentary to Part II: Interdiscursivity and Interlegality as Key Dimensions of Intercultural Coexistence
References
Chapter 5: Indigenous Juridicity and Cultural Differences: When Judges Discuss Culture in Cases of Domestic Violence in the Mapuche Community Context (Chile)
5.1 “The Other Mapuche Conflict”
5.2 The Advent of Cultural Defence in Chile at the Start of the Controversy
5.3 The Judge and the Dialogue of Legal Cultures
References
Chapter 6: Meaningful Spaces for Language Socialisation in the Discourse of Mapuche Young People: A Qualitative Approach
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Mapuche Young People and Socialisation Spaces: Literature Review
6.3 Research Design
6.4 Results
6.4.1 The Community
6.4.2 The School
6.4.3 The Church
6.4.4 The Home
6.4.5 The Indigenous Residence Hall
6.4.6 The University
6.4.7 The Countryside
6.4.8 The City
6.5 Synthesis: Meaningful Spaces and Their Role in the Socialisation of Mapuzugun
6.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 7: Episteme for Intercultural Dialogue Between Mapuche Education and School Education
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Background
7.3 Method
7.4 Participants
7.5 Instruments
7.6 Results
7.6.1 Nütram
7.6.2 Pentukun
7.6.3 Ülkantun
7.6.4 Piam/Piamtun
7.7 Discussion and Conclusion
References
Part III: Intercultural Philosophy
Chapter 8: Commentary to Part III: Notes and Comments from the Perspective of the Liberating Intercultural Philosophy of “Nuestra América”
References
Chapter 9: Challenges for an Intercultural Democracy and Politics in the Chilean Wallmapu
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Conflicts, Indigenous Territories and Post-Development
9.3 Chilean Democracy and Ethnic Conflicts
9.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 10: The Endless Apogee of Interculturality: Critical Anthropological and Philosophical Reflections
10.1 Problematisation: Situating the Apogee of Interculturality
10.2 Anthropology and Intercultural Dilemmas
10.3 An Anthropological Critique
10.4 Interculturality, Anthropology and Some Paradoxes (or the Vibrancy of the Intercultural and Its Constant Academic, Practical and Political Use)
10.5 Interculturality and the Contemporary World
10.6 Does Interculturality Become Inevitable?
References
Chapter 11: Words, Relationality and Recognition: Apropos Axel Honneth
11.1 Problematisation
11.2 Recognition and Language
11.3 Solidarity and Language
References
Index
