Intercultural Interaction: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Intercultural Communication (Research and Practice in Applied Linguistics)

Contents......Page 6
List of Figures......Page 12
General Editors' Preface......Page 13
Acknowledgements......Page 15
1.1 Aim and readership of the book......Page 18
1.2 Title of the book......Page 20
1.3 Authors' subjectivity......Page 23
1.4 Overview of the book......Page 25
Part 1 Conceptualizing Intercultural Interaction......Page 28
2.1 Defining culture......Page 30
2.2 Etic frameworks for comparing cultures: multidisciplinary perspectives......Page 33
2.2.1 Frameworks in psychology......Page 34
2.2.2 Frameworks in anthropology......Page 39
2.2.3 Frameworks in international business......Page 43
2.2.4 Frameworks in applied linguistics and discourse studies......Page 46
2.3 Emic perspectives on culture......Page 50
2.4.1 Types of cultural regularity......Page 51
2.4.2 Culture, regularity and variability......Page 52
2.5 Culture and social groups......Page 57
2.5.1 Culture and religious groups......Page 58
2.5.2 Culture and organizations......Page 59
2.5.3 Culture and professional groups......Page 60
2.5.4 Culture and communities of practice......Page 62
2.6 Culture and representation......Page 63
Suggestions for further reading......Page 65
3 Intercultural Interaction Competence (ICIC)......Page 67
3.1 Introduction: terminology and definitions......Page 68
3.2.1 Goals of ICIC identified by psychologists and communication scholars......Page 70
3.2.2 Components of ICIC identified by psychologists and communication scholars......Page 72
3.2.3 ICIC conceptual frameworks developed by psychologists and communication scholars......Page 75
3.3 The contribution of applied linguistics and foreign language education......Page 80
3.3.1 Applied linguists' concerns about criteria of ICIC......Page 81
3.3.2 ICIC conceptual frameworks developed by applied linguists and foreign language education specialists......Page 82
3.4 The contribution of international business and management studies......Page 86
3.4.1 Components of ICIC identified by international business and management scholars......Page 87
3.4.2 ICIC conceptual frameworks developed by international business and management scholars......Page 92
Suggestions for further reading......Page 96
4 Achieving Understanding in Intercultural Interaction......Page 98
4.2 An authentic example: misconstruals of meaning......Page 99
4.3 Effective use of message communication competencies......Page 102
4.4 Ineffective use of message communication competencies......Page 104
4.5 Non-verbal behaviour......Page 109
4.6 The communication process revisited......Page 112
4.7 Achieving understanding through an interpreter......Page 113
4.8 Concluding comments......Page 116
Suggestions for further reading......Page 117
5 Promoting Rapport in Intercultural Interaction......Page 118
5.1 Rapport and rapport management competencies......Page 119
5.2 An authentic example: a problematic business meeting......Page 120
5.3.1 Participant relations......Page 122
5.3.2 Role rights and obligations......Page 123
5.3.3 Type of communicative activity......Page 124
5.3.4 Contextual awareness and Experiential Example 5.1......Page 125
5.4.1 Face......Page 126
5.4.2 Behavioural expectations......Page 128
5.4.3 Interactional goals......Page 129
5.4.4 Interpersonal attentiveness and Experiential Example 5.1......Page 131
5.5 Information gathering......Page 132
5.6 Social attuning......Page 133
5.8.1 Orientations towards rapport......Page 134
5.8.2 Rapport management strategies......Page 136
5.9 Strategies for managing conflict......Page 140
5.10 Concluding comments......Page 144
Suggestions for further reading......Page 145
6.1 Impression management and disadvantage......Page 147
6.1.1 What is impression management?......Page 148
6.1.2 Managing and perceiving impressions in intercultural interaction......Page 149
6.2.1 Stereotypes and intercultural interaction......Page 154
6.2.2 What are stereotypes?......Page 156
6.2.3 Are stereotypes harmful?......Page 159
6.3 Prejudice, conscious discrimination and deliberate domination......Page 162
6.4 English as a world language, and disadvantage......Page 164
Suggestions for further reading......Page 166
7.1.1 Understanding culture shock and stress......Page 168
7.1.2 Managing culture shock and stress......Page 172
7.2.1 Sensitivity to difference and personal growth......Page 175
7.2.2 Identity and personal growth......Page 177
7.3 Adaptation and the social context......Page 182
Suggestions for further reading......Page 186
Part 2 Promoting Competence in Intercultural Interaction......Page 188
8 Assessing Competence in Intercultural Interaction......Page 190
8.1 Assessment instruments......Page 191
8.1.1 Purposes of assessment instruments......Page 192
8.1.2 Criteria to guide the selection of assessment instruments......Page 193
8.2 Assessing value orientations......Page 195
8.3 Assessing intercultural interaction competence......Page 199
8.4 Assessing both value orientations and intercultural interaction competence......Page 206
8.5 Assessing intercultural interaction competence in the school and university education context......Page 207
8.6 Assessing intercultural interaction competence for certification purposes......Page 209
8.7 Assessing and developing value orientations and intercultural interaction competence at the organizational level......Page 212
8.8 Concluding comments......Page 214
Suggestions for further reading......Page 215
9.1 The term 'development' and its conceptualization......Page 216
9.2 Aims and outcomes of ICIC development......Page 218
9.3 Developing ICIC in professional contexts......Page 219
9.3.1 Preparing development interventions......Page 220
9.3.2 Conducting development interventions: content......Page 227
9.3.3 Conducting development interventions: methods......Page 234
9.4 Developing ICIC in the school education context......Page 242
9.4.1 Aims in school curricula......Page 243
9.4.2 Aims and outcomes in the school classroom......Page 246
9.4.4 Methods used in the school classroom......Page 248
9.5 The qualification profile of the developer......Page 253
9.6 Concluding comments......Page 257
Suggestions for further reading......Page 258
Part 3 Researching Intercultural Interaction......Page 260
10 Research Topics in Intercultural Interaction......Page 262
10.1 Researching intercultural interaction competence (cf. Chapters 3 and 8)......Page 263
10.2 Researching understanding and rapport in intercultural interaction (cf. Chapters 4 and 5)......Page 266
10.3 Researching disadvantage and domination in intercultural interaction (cf. Chapter 6)......Page 270
10.4 Researching adaptation to unfamiliar cultures (cf. Chapter 7)......Page 274
10.5 Researching intercultural interaction competence development (cf. Chapter 9)......Page 278
10.6 Concluding comments......Page 282
11.1.1 Culture-comparative or culture-interactional research......Page 283
11.1.2 ‘Handling’ culture in research......Page 284
11.1.3 The challenge of decentring......Page 286
11.2.1 Collecting authentic interaction data......Page 288
11.2.2 Collecting self-report data: generic issues......Page 289
11.2.3 Collecting self-report data: using standard instruments......Page 297
11.2.4 Collecting semi-experimental data......Page 301
11.2.5 The researcher–participant relationship......Page 302
11.3.1 Analysing quantitative data......Page 303
11.3.2 Interpreting the 'meaning' of qualitative data......Page 305
11.3.4 Epistemological positions and data analysis......Page 306
11.4.1 Differing perspectives on ethical procedures......Page 307
Suggestions for further reading......Page 308
Part 4 Resources......Page 310
12 Resources......Page 312
12.1 Books......Page 313
12.2 Journals......Page 317
12.3 Associations and conferences......Page 321
12.4 Websites......Page 324
12.5 Assessment instruments......Page 328
Books......Page 336
Games and simulations......Page 337
Videos, DVDs and hybrid materials......Page 339
Publishers of videos, DVDs and hybrid material......Page 341
References......Page 343
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