This book provides readers with a single-source reference to current sensing integrated circuit design. It is written in handbook style, including systematic guidelines and implementation examples. The authors focus on the implementation of wide-bandwidth current sensing on a single microchip, toward usage in applications such as sensing, control and optimization of the energy flow in growth areas like industrial electronics, renewable energies, smart grids, electromobility and the Internet of Things.
- Provides readers with a comprehensive, all-in-one source for current sensing integrated circuit design, including implementation examples;
- Discusses modeling and optimization of on-chip Rogowski coil and Hall sensor in both lateral and vertical orientation;
- Includes noise reduction techniques, such as auto-zeroing and chopping;
- Covers open-loop and closed-loop sensor front-end design;
- Presents the first on-chip current sensor with a planar coil placed besides a power line to measure internal signal currents and the first off-chip current sensor with a helix-shaped coil for external signal currents in the multi-MHz region.
Author(s): Tobias Funk, Bernhard Wicht
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2020
Language: English
Pages: 152
City: Cham
Preface
Contents
Acronyms
List of Abbreviations
Symbols
1 Introduction
1.1 Motivation
1.2 Scope and Outline of This Book
References
2 Motivation and Fundamentals
2.1 Applications for Wide-Bandwidth Current Sensing
2.1.1 On-Chip Current Sensing for Integrated Power Stages
2.1.2 Off-Chip Current Sensing for Power Electronic Applications
2.2 Types of Current Sensors
2.2.1 Shunt Resistor
2.2.2 Sense-FET
2.2.3 Magnetoresistance
2.2.4 Fluxgate
2.2.5 Hall Sensor
2.2.6 Rogowski Coil
2.3 Summary
References
3 Rogowksi Coil Current Sensor
3.1 Operation Principle
3.2 Rogowski Coil for On-Chip Current Sensing
3.2.1 Mutual Inductance
3.2.2 Parasitic Components
Parasitic Resistance Ro
Parasitic Inductance Lo
Parasitic Capacitance Co
3.2.3 Design Trade-Offs
3.2.4 Verification with 3D Field Simulation
3.2.5 Layout
3.3 Rogowski Coil for Off-Chip Current Sensing
3.3.1 Mutual Inductance
3.3.2 Parasitic Components
Parasitic Resistance Ro
Parasitic Inductance Lo
Parasitic Capacitance Co
3.3.3 Design Trade-Offs
3.4 Summary
Appendix
Equivalent Circuit of an Integrated Coil
References
4 Rogowksi Coil Sensor Front-End
4.1 Open-Loop Sensing
4.1.1 First Integrator Stage
4.1.2 Second Integrator Stage
4.1.3 Low-Frequency Error Cancelation
4.1.4 Transient Current Sensing
4.2 Closed-Loop Sensing
4.2.1 Forward Path G(s)
4.2.2 Feedback Considerations
4.2.3 AC Signal Compensation
4.2.4 DC Signal Compensation
4.2.5 Noise Cancelation
4.2.6 Overall System
4.3 Open-Loop vs. Closed-Loop Sensing
4.4 Summary
Appendix
Fully Differential Symmetrical Amplifier
Stability Analysis of Rogowski Coil Closed-Loop Sensing
References
5 Hall Current Sensor
5.1 Operation Principle
5.2 Hall Device for On-Chip Current Sensing
5.3 Hall Device for Off-Chip Current Sensing
5.4 Summary
Appendix
Geometry Factor of Symmetrical Hall Devices
References
6 Hall Current Sensor Front-End
6.1 Signal Modulation for On-Chip Current Sensing
6.2 Signal Modulation for Off-Chip Current Sensing
6.3 Capacitively Coupled Sensor Front-End
6.4 Summary
Appendix
Fully Differential Symmetrical Amplifier
References
7 Hybrid Current Sensor
References
8 Conclusion
Index
