This book analyses the impact of Integrated Offender Management (IOM) on contemporary policing and separates the rhetoric from the reality. Drawing on a qualitative study within an English police force over two years, this book examines the experiences of prolific offenders, subject to IOM, and sheds light on the culture and practice of the police and staff from other criminal justice agencies, working within the scheme.
While IOM has been judged to have had initial successes in reducing the criminal activities of prolific offenders, this book tests the validity of such claims, and considers the apparent disjuncture between policy statements made about the workings of IOM and how IOM policing operations are realized on the ground. It makes a unique contribution to research on police culture and practice, and multi-agency working in the criminal justice system.
An accessible and compelling read, this book will appeal to policymakers, as well as students and scholars of criminology, sociology policing, and politics.
Author(s): Frederick Cram
Series: Routledge Studies in Crime, Security and Justice
Publisher: Routledge
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 235
City: London
Cover
Endorsement
Half Title
Series Information
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
Chapter 1 Integrated Offender Management
Introduction
Crime, Risk and Security
A Brief History of Multi-Agency Offender Management in England and Wales
Research On Multi-Agency Offender Management in England and Wales
The ‘Common Sense’ Notion of Integrated Offender Management
IOM: the Basic Framework and Guiding Principles
Targeting and Selecting Potential IOM Participants
National Refresh
Research On IOM
IOM Service Delivery
Blurring of Professional Roles
Effectiveness of IOM
The Perspectives of IOM Participants
National Delivery of IOM: a Snapshot
Sunnyvale IOM Unit
Categories of Offenders Subject to Sunnyvale IOM
Operationalising Sunnyvale Policing
Questions, Theory and Method
The Aims and Structure of the Book
Notes
References
Chapter 2 Fairness and Legitimacy Within Integrated Offender Management
Introduction
Risk-allocation and Police Role in the Management of Sunnyvale Offenders
How IOM Police Legitimacy Might Be Won
Procedural Justice
Is It Possible to Determine Conclusively the Basis of Felt Obligations to Obey?
The Problem of ‘Dull Compulsion’
The Bottoms–Tankebe Approach to Police Legitimacy
How Does IOM Fit Into the Bottoms–Tankebe Approach?
Empirical Support From the Corrections Setting
How IOM Police Legitimacy Might Be Lost
Conclusions
Note
References
Chapter 3 Police Decision-Making in a Criminal Justice Setting
Introduction
Structural Determinants of Police Decision-Making: Surround, Field and Frame
Surround
Field
Frames, Working Assumptions and Rules
Decision-framing and the Culture of Frontline Police Officers
Cop Culture
Challenges to Orthodox Accounts of Cop Culture: Does Talk Translate Into Action?
Cop Culture and Its Use as an Analytic Concept
The Tenacity of Cop Culture
Interactions Between Surround, Field and Frames
Conclusion
Notes
References
Chapter 4 Mission Orientation: Partnership Working Within Sunnyvale IOM
Introduction
[Re]defining the Organisational Field: Traditional Relationships, Multi-Agency Partnerships and Integrated Offender Management
Past Positions, Values and Historical Challenges
Mission Orientation: Partner Agencies as Intelligence Gatherers
Convergence and Divergence: Occupational Attitudes and Relationships
Cultural Change
Police Offender Managers: the Dominance of the Intelligence Gathering Frame
Probation Worker Attitudes: Going the Way of the Police
New Operational Understandings
Attitudes of Prison Officers Working Within the Sunnyvale Structure
Drug Worker Attitudes
Recalling Offenders to Prison: a Disparity Between Police Officer and Probation Worker Thinking
Conclusions
Notes
References
Chapter 5 ‘Still’ Police Officers: The Culture of Policing Within Sunnyvale IOM
Introduction
The Culture of Police Decision-Making
Making Sense of the Talk and Action of Sunnyvale Police
Sunnyvale DET Officers: a Desire for Action and an Exaggerated Sense of Mission
Police Offender Managers: Redefining Concepts of Action, Excitement and Mission
Police Offender Managers: Resisting Change
Women Police Within Sunnyvale IOM
Sunnyvale DET Officers: Misogynistic Talk, But Not Reflected in Action
Police Offender Managers: the Persistence of Old Misogynistic Assumptions
Sunnyvale DET Officers and Offender Managers: a General Absence of Racism
Sunnyvale DET Officers: Suspicious, Cynical and Pessimistic
Police Offender Managers: the Endurance of a Suspicious, Cynical and Pessimistic Outlook
Sunnyvale DET Officers: a Sense of Isolation and Mutual Solidarity
Sunnyvale Police Offender Managers: an Isolated But Not Mutually Cohesive Group
Sunnyvale DET Officers: Authoritarian Attitudes and Conservative Ideologies
Conservatism Among Police Offender Managers
Conclusions: the Endurance of Cop Culture and the Link Between Sunnyvale Police Talk and Action
Notes
References
Chapter 6 Offender Perceptions of Sunnyvale Policing
Introduction
Surveillance and the Management of Risk: Some Preliminary Matters
Surveillance Technologies
Knowledge Sharing and Distribution
The Police National Intelligence Model: Structuring IOM Information Sharing
Having a Word: Putting Knowledge to Work in Sunnyvale IOM
Experiences of People Subject to Sunnyvale Policing
The Usual Suspects: Regularity of Contact With Sunnyvale Police
Perceived Nature and Quality of Participant Encounters With Sunnyvale Police
Negotiating Power-Relations: Cost-Benefit and Prudential Calculations
Sunnyvale Police Talk and Action and Its Effect On Normative Cooperation
The Nature and Quality of Police–offender Relations and Its Implications for Offender Relations With Other Sunnyvale Workers
Sunnyvale Participant Views On Fairness of Sunnyvale Police Action
Trust, Legitimacy and Participant Perceptions of Sunnyvale Policing
Conclusions
Notes
References
Chapter 7 Old Habits Die Hard
Introduction
The Rhetoric of IOM and the Realities of Operational Practice
Good Cop–bad Cop: Business as Usual in Sunnyvale IOM
The Tenacious Link Between Talk and Action: Implications for Police Culture
How Did Sunnyvale Offenders Perceive Sunnyvale Police Action?
Did a Degree of Perceived Legitimacy Lead to Offender Compliance/cooperation?
Challenges for the Rehabilitation of Offenders and Trajectory of IOM
Futures of IOM Research
Notes
References
Chapter 8 Reflexive Ethnography: Watching Sunnyvale Police
The Significant Contribution of Ethnography to Police Research
Negotiating Access to the Sunnyvale Police Organisational Field
Becoming Accepted
Perceptions of Me: Understanding Sunnyvale Officer Reactions to My Presence in the Field
Conceptions of You: How Sunnyvale Police Officers Viewed Their Role, Within the Police Organisation, Mattered to the Trust and Acceptance Process
Positioning the Work of Police Offender Managers
The Practicalities of Observing ‘Deviant’ Police Officers
Exclusionary Practices
A Different Role Conception, Resulted in a Different Reaction to the Research
Observations of Sunnyvale, Uniformed DET Police
Alternative Explanations for Varying Levels of Trust and Acceptance
Recording and Interpreting the Field
Notes
References
Index