Integrated Flood Risk Management: Basic Concepts and the Japanese Experience

Cover
Half Title
Title
Copyright
Contents
Foreword
Preface
Prologue
Establishment of UNESCO and Japanese participation
UNESCO Intergovernmental Hydrological Program
UNESCO water centers
References
1 Introduction
There is no such thing as a natural disaster
From disaster relief to disaster risk management
Global sustainability
Human well-being and biodiversity
About this book
References
2 Occurrence of disaster
2.1 What is disaster risk?
2.1.1 Fishermen at risk
2.1.2 Terminology
2.1.3 Conceptual formula of disaster risk
2.1.4 Disaster databases
2.2 PAR model
2.2.1 Pressure model
2.2.2 Release model
2.2.3 Risk reduction objectives: CARDIAC (heart)
2.3 ACCESS model
2.4 Disaster management cycle and hydro-illogical cycle
2.4.1 Disaster management cycle
2.4.2 Hydro-illogical cycle
References
3 Conceptual evolution of UN policies on environment, development and disaster reduction
3.1 From Stockholm to Rio: UN initiatives on environment and development
3.1.1 Before Stockholm
3.1.2 Every 10 years UN conferences on environment and development
Sustainable development proposed by WCED
3.1.3 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
3.2 From Yokohama to Sendai: UN initiatives on disaster reduction
3.2.1 United Nations International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (UNIDNDR) (1990–1999)
Yokohama strategy
3.2.2 United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA)
3.2.3 United Nations Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR)
3.2.4 Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005–2015
3.2.5 Sendai Framework for disaster risk reduction (SF) 2015–2030
The expected outcome, the goal and seven global targets
References
4 An integrated approach to water resources and flood risk
4.1 Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM)
4.1.1 Introduction
IWRM, IFRM and related concepts in a conceptual framework
4.1.2 IWRM as a UN’s guiding principle
Dublin principles
IWRM in Agenda 21
4.1.3 The conceptualization of IWRM
What to integrate for IWRM?
GWP definition of IWRM
4.1.4 UNESCO guideline “IWRM at river basin level”
UNESCO definition of IWRM
Principles in the guideline
Spiral process
Four steps in a spiral round
4.2 Integrated Flood Risk Management (IFRM)
4.2.1 Introduction
Flood-related definitions and the European Flood Directive
Flood risk management and flood control
At a glance of methodologies of FRM
4.2.2 What and how to integrate for IFRM?
Stakeholders and other factors to be integrated
Systems approach for integration
Cost allocation: Separable cost – alternative justifiable-expenditure method
4.2.3 WMO efforts for Integrated Flood Management (IFM)
Associated Program on Flood Management (APFM)
APFM definition of integrated flood management (IFM)
APFM IFM concepts
References
5 Japanese experiences
5.1 General hydro-environmental conditions
Flood prone conditions of Japan
5.2 A short history of flood management in Japan
5.2.1 Flood control works before the Meiji Restoration (1868)
Shingen Zutsumi (Shingen Bank)
The Tone River shift to the east
5.2.2 Before World War II
Invited foreign engineers
Shin-Yodo-gawa (the New Yodo River)
Okozu Bunsui (Okozu Diversion Canal)
5.2.3 Chronological views of flood disasters after the Meiji Era
5.3 The dark post-war 15 years
Makurazaki Typhoon
Kathleen Typhoon
Ise-Bay Typhoon
Other flood-related disasters during the dark post-war 15 years
Reasons of the dark post-war 15 years
5.4 Challenges of flood management after 1960
River laws
Flood losses and flood control investment
Why economic losses do not decrease despite that human losses decrease?
5.5 Integrated flood risk management in Japan
5.5.1 Overview of judicial actions related to IFRM
5.5.2 Comprehensive Flood Control Measures (1977)
Background
Tsurumi river experiences
In-situ storage and infiltration
Establishment of FRICS
5.5.3 Flood hazard maps
5.5.4 High-standard (super) levees
5.5.5 Underground rivers
The Neya River South and North in Osaka Prefecture
The 7th Circular Road of Metropolitan Tokyo
The Naka River and the Ayase River Basin
5.5.6 Effective flood control including basin resistance
5.5.7 Disaster prevention and mitigation responding to the new stage
5.6 Summary of Japanese experiences on flood-related disaster risk management
5.6.1 Summary of experiences
5.6.2 Additional remarks
Living with floods
Some essentials of flood management
5.7 Experiences on tsunamis
5.7.1 Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) Disaster
Outline of GEJE disaster 2011
Recovery strategy: L1 and L2 approach
5.7.2 Safety culture for tsunami
Large tsunamis in Japan
Great Tsunami memorial stone in Aneyoshi: Never build a house below here
“Inamura no Hi”
References
6 Future issues of IFRM
6.1 Anticipated changes and adaptation
6.1.1 Climatic changes
Changes in temperature and heavy rains
Linear Rainbands
East Japan Typhoon (Typhoon 19, 2019)
6.1.2 Adaptation to climatic change
6.1.3 Demographic issues
Urbanization
Depopulation and aging society
6.1.4 Compact city
Case of Japan
6.2 Importance of social capital
6.2.1 Social capital and its recent decline
Disaster preparedness culture
6.2.3 The Ise Shrine exercise
6.3 Transdisciplinary approach
6.3.1 Need of transdisciplinary approach
6.3.2 Transdisciplinary approach (TDA) for scientific decision-making
Definition of Transdisciplinary Approach (TDA)
What can TDA do?
Scientific knowledge-based decision-making
Knowledge flow infrastructure
6.3.3 Some case studies
Japanese case
The Philippines case
Nepal case
Preliminary findings
References
Epilogue
NINOMIYA Kinjiro Sontoku and Hotoku-shiho
Birth of NINOMIYA Kinjiro and tragic flood disasters
Recovery of his own house
Recovery of the Hattori family
Recovery of Sakuramachi Villages
After the Sakuramachi success
Works as a Bakushin (Edo government officer)
Recovery of Soma domain
Recovery of Nikko Shrine territory and death
Summary of Hotoku-shiho (Repay-virtue methodology)
References
Index