Insect Symbiosis summarizes the current knowledge of the relationship between symbiotic organisms and their insect hosts and provides an unparalleled analysis of cutting-edge research on this issue. Findings from international experts reveal possible new ways to control disease-carrying insects and agricultural pests worldwide. An examination of Wolbachia, considered by many as a vehicle to deliver anti-malarial and anti-plant virus strategies, is also included. Written by an interdisciplinary team of experts, this book serves as a great reference on host-parasitic relationships for professionals from a broad range of fields.
Author(s): Kostas Bourtzis, Thomas A. Miller
Series: Contemporary Topics in Entomology
Edition: 1
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2003
Language: English
Pages: 368
INSECT SYMBIOSIS......Page 2
Dedication......Page 5
Foreword......Page 6
Insect Symbiosis: A Personal Journey......Page 8
The Editors......Page 10
Contents......Page 11
Contributors......Page 13
Introduction......Page 16
Contents......Page 0
Gut Microbes......Page 17
Endoparasitism......Page 19
Intracellular Symbiosis......Page 20
Mycetocyte Symbionts......Page 21
Buchnera......Page 22
Yeast-like Symbionts......Page 24
Intracellular Symbionts Of Cockroaches And Termites......Page 25
Intracellular Symbionts Of Blood Suckers......Page 26
Spiroplasma, An Early Male-killer......Page 27
Microsporidia, A Late Male-killer......Page 28
Wolbachia......Page 29
References......Page 31
A Historical Overview Of Symbiotic Bacteria In Aphids......Page 38
Buchnera......Page 39
Buchnera......Page 40
Accessory Bacteria......Page 42
Bacteria......Page 44
The Aphid......Page 45
References......Page 50
Introduction......Page 54
Aphid Endosymbionts: Buchnera......Page 55
Endosymbiosis: Metabolic Considerations......Page 56
Buchnera And Their Free-living Relatives......Page 57
Comparative Genomics Of Buchnera......Page 58
Cysteine Biosynthetic Genes......Page 59
Dna Repair–associated Genes......Page 60
Genome Degradation: A Gradual Process......Page 61
Intracellular Mutualism Vs. Parasitism......Page 62
Concluding Remarks......Page 63
References......Page 64
Characterization Of Tsetse Symbionts......Page 68
Evolutionary Histories Of Symbionts......Page 69
Genomics Of The Obligate Symbiont Wigglesworthia......Page 71
Genomics Of Genus Sodalis......Page 72
Symbiont–host Interactions......Page 74
Symbionts As Gene-expression Vehicles......Page 75
Trypanosomiasis Control And The Impact Of Parasite Refractory Tsetse On Disease Transmission......Page 76
References......Page 77
Introduction......Page 82
The Biology Of Sitophilus Ssp. Symbiosis......Page 83
Intracellular Bacterial Genome Evolution......Page 85
Genetic Interactions Between Endosymbionts And Weevils......Page 87
Wolbachia Induce Cytoplasmic Incompatibility In Weevils......Page 88
Weevil–sope Physiological Interactions......Page 89
Molecular Interaction Between Sope And Weevils......Page 91
Conclusion......Page 92
References......Page 93
Introduction......Page 98
Paratransgenesis......Page 99
Paratransgenic Manipulation Of Rhodnius Prolixus......Page 100
Cecropin A Expression In Paratransgenic Rhodnius Prolixus......Page 101
Antibody Expression......Page 103
Cruzigard: A Substrate For Gene Delivery......Page 106
Foreign Gene Spread Under Spatially Accurate Conditions......Page 107
Environmental Implications Of A Paratransgenic Strategy......Page 108
References......Page 109
Introduction......Page 111
Bark Beetles......Page 112
Mycelial Fungi......Page 113
Yeasts......Page 114
Beetle Adaptations......Page 115
Fungal Adaptations......Page 116
Nutrition......Page 118
Factors Constraining Mutualism In Bark Beetle–fungus Associations......Page 121
Rewards......Page 122
Potential Origins And Consequences Of Oligophily......Page 123
References......Page 124
Introduction......Page 129
Background: Exposure, Acquisition, And Transmission......Page 130
Bacteria In The Life History Of Tephritids: A Link To Nitrogen Provisioning And Other Metabolic Activities......Page 132
Attraction Of Tephritids To Odors Of Bacteria Or Odors Produced By Bacteria......Page 133
Tephritid–microbe–plant Interactions......Page 134
Biofilms Within Digestive And Reproductive Organs And Tephritids......Page 135
Microoganisms As Potential Biocontrol Agents Of Tephritids......Page 137
Conclusions......Page 138
References......Page 139
Evolution Of Wolbachia Reproductive Parasites......Page 145
Cytoplasmic Incompatibility......Page 146
Wolbachia Description And Early Applied Suppression Strategies......Page 148
Phylogenetic Analyses......Page 150
Wolbachia Morphology And Interaction Wolbachia......Page 151
Applied Strategies Employing Wolbachia Infections......Page 152
Conclusion......Page 154
References......Page 155
Ci Systems......Page 163
Addiction Systems......Page 164
Medea Factors......Page 169
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility......Page 170
Bacteriocins......Page 171
Description......Page 172
Distribution......Page 173
The Mechanism Of Wolbachia-induced Ci......Page 174
Genetic Analysis Of Host/symbiosis......Page 176
Genetics Of Growth Control In Drosophila......Page 179
Cell Biology Of Wolbachia-induced Ci......Page 181
References......Page 183
Parthenogenesis Mediated By Microbial Infections......Page 193
Wolbachia -induced Parthenogenesis In Haplodiploids......Page 194
Cytogenetics: Parthenogenesis Not Only Through Gamete Duplication......Page 198
Distribution And Density Of Wolbachia In Parthenogenetic Wasps......Page 200
Phylogenetics: No Clustering Of Pi-wolbachia......Page 201
Transmission Route......Page 202
Nuclear-cytoplasmic Conflict......Page 203
Physiological Cost......Page 204
Dynamics Of Pi-wolbachia And The Evolution Of “virginityž Mutants......Page 205
Conclusion......Page 207
References......Page 208
Introduction......Page 213
A Summary Of Current Information......Page 214
Evidence For Single Infection In Filarial Nematode Ancestor......Page 215
Vertical Vs . Horizontal Transmission ; Sex Vs. No Sex......Page 216
Facultative Wolbachia Infections That Enhance Insect Fecundity......Page 217
Obligatory Wolbachia-induced Parthenogenesis......Page 218
Wolbachia Dependence For Oogenesis......Page 219
Why Has The Association Filarial Nematode/wolbachia Led To Obligatory Symbiosis Instead Of Reproductive Parasitism?......Page 222
Coadaptations Require (quite) Long Evolutionary Times......Page 223
Rapid Evolutionary Mechanisms For Transition......Page 224
Wolbachia Obligatory Symbiosis: Mutualism Or Trickery?......Page 225
References......Page 226
Introduction......Page 229
Defining A Species And Symbiont......Page 230
Reproductive Alterations......Page 231
Rapid Speciation......Page 232
Two Forms Of Ci......Page 233
Model 1 (ci Alone)......Page 234
Model 2 (ci Coupled With Genetically Based Isolation)......Page 237
Model 3 (host Accommodation)......Page 239
Model 4 (reinforcement)......Page 240
Asexuality, Sexual Degradation, And The Origin Of Species......Page 241
Skeptical Views On Wolbachia-assisted Speciation......Page 243
Acknowledgments......Page 245
References......Page 246
Contents......Page 251
The Adzuki Bean Beetle, Callosobruchus Chinensis......Page 252
Superinfection With Three Distinct Strains Of Wolbachia In C. Chinensis......Page 253
Prevailing Triple Infection In Natural Populations Of C. Chinensis......Page 254
Different Levels Of Ci Caused By The Three Wolbachia Strains......Page 255
Population Dynamics Of Wolbachia Through Host Development......Page 256
Wolbachia Density In Tissues Of C. Chinensis Adults......Page 257
Differential Tissue Tropism Of The Three Wolbachia Strains In The Same Host Insect......Page 258
Factors Responsible For Stable Maintenance Of Wolbachia Infection In Host Populations......Page 259
Sex-linked Inheritance Of Wbruaus......Page 260
Sex-dependent Density Difference Of Wbruaus......Page 261
Non-ltr Retrotransposon-like Sequence In The Wolbachia Genome Fragment......Page 262
Comparison With The Wolbachia Genome From D. Melanogaster......Page 263
Horizontal Gene Transfers Between Prokaryote And Eukaryote......Page 264
Inactivated Wolbachia Genes On Host Chromosome......Page 265
Other Symbiont–host Horizontal Gene Transfers To Be Found......Page 266
Perspective......Page 267
References......Page 268