Innovations In GIS 5: Selected Papers From The Fifth National Conference On GIS Research UK

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Contents......Page 5
Foreword......Page 8
Preface......Page 11
Contributors......Page 13
GISRUK Committees......Page 17
Introduction......Page 18
PART ONE Spatial Analysis......Page 23
1.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 24
1.2 WHY CONSIDER STOCHASTIC SIMULATION FOR INTERPOLATION IN GIS?......Page 26
1.3 APPROACH AND AIMS......Page 27
(c) Sample distribution......Page 28
1.4.2 Measures of spatial variability and variogram modelling......Page 29
1.4.4 Creating stochastic simulations......Page 30
1.4.5 Measuring interpolation accuracy......Page 31
The kriging variance......Page 32
Modelling estimation uncertainty using stochastic simulations......Page 33
1.5.2 The relative accuracy of stochastic simulation, ordinary kriging and Thiessen polygons for different sample sizes and distributions of geographical data......Page 34
1.5.3 The accuracy of the interpolation techniques for attributes of different geographical nature......Page 35
1.5.4 The ability of interpolation methods to reflect estimation uncertainty......Page 38
1.6 DISCUSSION......Page 40
1.7 CONCLUSION......Page 41
References......Page 43
2.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 45
2.2.2 Representation of spatial information......Page 46
2.2.3 Spatial evolutionary operators......Page 47
2.3 SPATIAL EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHM—IMPLEMENTATION......Page 48
2.4 SEA PERFORMANCE......Page 49
2.5 CONCLUSIONS......Page 51
References......Page 53
3.2.1 Visualizing interactions: flow mapping......Page 55
3.2.3 New approaches to analysis and visualization using non-Euclidean spaces......Page 56
3.3.2 The data......Page 58
3.4.1 From flows to proximities......Page 59
3.4.3 Finite topologies......Page 60
3.4.4 Visualization of finite topologies......Page 62
References......Page 64
4.2 EXPLORATORY DATA ANALYSIS......Page 65
4.2.1 Interactive choropleth maps......Page 67
4.2.2 Weighted histograms......Page 68
4.2.3 Local statistics......Page 69
Data......Page 73
References......Page 74
PART TWO Virtual GIS......Page 75
5.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 76
5.2 DO GEOLIBRARIES EXIST?......Page 77
5.4 OTHER PROJECTS......Page 78
5.6.1 The browser......Page 79
5.6.4 Local collections......Page 80
5.6.8 Search across geolibraries......Page 81
5.6.10 Objects and wrappers......Page 82
5.8 CONCLUSION......Page 83
References......Page 84
6.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 85
6.3 PROBLEM ANALYSIS—IDENTIFYING THE REQUIREMENTS OF USERS......Page 86
6.4.1 Integrated search engines......Page 88
6.4.2 Intermediary systems......Page 89
6.5.3 Results......Page 90
6.5.4 Discussion......Page 91
Acknowledgements......Page 92
References......Page 93
7.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 94
7.3 MODELLING THE LANDSCAPE......Page 95
7.5 PHOTOGRAMMETRIC MODELLING......Page 96
7.6 SINGLE IMAGE MODELLING......Page 97
7.7 FUTURE WORK......Page 99
7.8 CONCLUSION......Page 100
References......Page 101
PART THREE Artificial Intelligence, spatial agents and fuzzy systems......Page 103
8.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 104
8.2 THE SYSTEMIC APPROACH......Page 105
8.3.1 Methodological needs......Page 108
8.4 EXPERIMENTATION......Page 109
References......Page 112
9.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 113
9.2 FUZZY LOGIC MODELLING......Page 114
9.3.2 Fuzzy model formulation......Page 115
9.3.3 Model goodness of fit......Page 116
9.4.1 Fuzzy model formulation......Page 117
9.4.2 Model goodness of fit......Page 118
9.5 CONCLUSIONS......Page 120
References......Page 122
10.2 AGENTS......Page 123
10.3.2 Spatial decision-making......Page 124
10.4 SPATIAL AGENTS FOR AN ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM......Page 125
Conceptual definition......Page 126
Initial implementation......Page 127
Agent architecture......Page 128
System development......Page 129
Decision-making in MA–MEGAOOT......Page 130
Potential improvements in decision-making......Page 131
References......Page 132
11.2 FUZZY GEODEMOGRAPHICS......Page 134
11.3 FUZZY CLUSTERING......Page 135
11.5 FKM RESULTS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS......Page 137
11.6 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION......Page 140
References......Page 141
12.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 143
12.3 TOPOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS IN SPACE......Page 144
12.4 BASIC PROPERTIES OF TIME......Page 145
12.5 FROM CHRONOLOGY TO HISTORY......Page 146
12.6 SPACE AND TIME PROPERTIES......Page 148
12.7 LINEAR EVOLUTION OF AN INDEPENDENT SPATIAL ENTITY......Page 149
12.8 MULTILINEAR EVOLUTION OF RELATED SPATIAL ENTITIES......Page 151
12.9 CONCLUSIONS......Page 152
References......Page 153
PART FOUR Space-time GIS......Page 158
13.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 159
13.2 FUZZY SETS IN GIS......Page 160
13.3 FUZZY NUMBERS......Page 161
13.4 FUZZY COORDINATES: POINTS, LINES AND POLYGONS......Page 162
13.5 DATA STRUCTURES FOR HANDLING FUZZY COORDINATES......Page 165
References......Page 167
14.2 AN ILLUSTRATIVE SCENARIO......Page 169
14.3.1 Rationale for the system......Page 171
14.3.2 The analytical abstraction layer (AAL)......Page 172
Multiple granularity......Page 173
Multiple abstraction......Page 175
14.4 RELATED ISSUES......Page 177
References......Page 178
15.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 180
15.2 THE NATURE OF THE PROBLEM......Page 181
15.3 APPROACH TO MAP–DRIVEN CHANGE DETECTION......Page 182
15.5 THE EXTRACTION OF EDGE INFORMATION FROM IMAGERY......Page 184
15.6 INTEGRATION OF EDGES WITH GIS VECTORS......Page 186
15.7 THE INTRODUCTION OF CONTEXT AND A CONTROL STRATEGY......Page 187
15.8 DISCUSSION......Page 188
References......Page 190
PART FIVE Applications......Page 193
16.2 LANDSCAPE QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND GIS......Page 194
16.4 MYSTERY AND QUESTIONNAIRE STRUCTURE......Page 195
16.5.1 The horizons......Page 196
16.5.3 The viewshape......Page 197
16.6 IDENTIFICATION OF THE VIEWSHAPE......Page 199
References......Page 201
17.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 202
17.2.2 Study area and distribution of the species......Page 203
17.3.1 Construction of the digital database......Page 204
17.3.2 Analytical design......Page 205
17.4.2 Wolf habitat suitability model......Page 206
17.4.3 Selection of areas for conservation or reintroduction......Page 209
Notes......Page 210
References......Page 211
18.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 213
18.3 GIS FOR COLLECTION GEOGRAPHY DESIGN......Page 214
18.4 GIS FOR OUTPUT GEOGRAPHY DESIGN......Page 215
18.4.1 Building blocks......Page 216
18.4.2 Output areas......Page 220
Acknowledgement......Page 222
References......Page 223
19.2 WHY BUILD A HISTORICAL GIS?......Page 224
19.2.3 A powerful analytical tool......Page 225
19.2.4 New media for visualizing evolving geographies......Page 226
19.3 A BRIEF HISTORY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN ENGLAND AND WALES......Page 227
19.4.1 The Mark I GIS......Page 229
19.4.2 The Mark II GIS......Page 230
19.4.3 The Mark III GIS......Page 231
19.5 LINKING ATTRIBUTE DATA......Page 232
Acknowledgements......Page 233
References......Page 234
20.2 CONVERSION......Page 235
20.3.1 Measurement (gross vs net density)......Page 239
20.3.2 Profiles (goodness-of-fit)......Page 240
20.4 CONCLUSIONS......Page 244
References......Page 245
21.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 247
21.2.1 The ITE datasets......Page 248
21.3.2 Cell-based analysis......Page 249
21.3.3 Patch-based analysis......Page 251
21.5 CONCLUSIONS......Page 254
References......Page 255
Index......Page 257