Information and Communication Technologies for Development: 16th IFIP WG 9.4 International Conference on Social Implications of Computers in Developing Countries, ICT4D 2020, Manchester, UK, June 10–11, 2020, Proceedings

Preface
Online Conference
Previous Conferences
Keynote Speakers
Panels
Acknowledgements
Organization
Contents
Digital Platforms and Gig Economy
Competing Logics: Towards a Theory of Digital Platforms for Socio-economic Development
1 Introduction
2 Market and Human-Centred Logics
3 Openness and Modularity: Enacting the Human-Centred Logic
4 Limitations
5 Final Remarks
References
Different Approaches to Complementing Software Platforms: A Case Study of Digital Innovation Across 10 Developing Countries
1 Introduction
2 Related Literature
2.1 Innovations on Software Platforms
3 Method
3.1 A Data Collection
3.2 Data Analysis
4 Case Description: The HISP Groups
5 Ways Local Organisations Complement DHIS2
5.1 Hacks and Customisation
5.2 Requirements Translation
5.3 Development
6 Discussion
7 Conclusion and Recommendations
References
Risks and Risk-Mitigation Strategies of Gig Economy Workers in the Global South: The Case of Ride-Hailing in Cape Town
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Case and Methods
4 Findings
4.1 Risks
4.2 Risk-Mitigation Strategies
5 Discussion and Conclusions
References
Theory and Open Science
The Potential of Open Science for Research Visibility in the Global South: Rwandan Librarians’ Perspectives
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
2.1 Open Science/Open Scholarship
2.2 Perspective 1: Open Scholarship and Inequalities in the Scholarly Communication System
2.3 Perspective 2: Open Scholarship and Deficits in the In-Country Research Environment
2.4 Perspective 3: Open Scholarship and Cognitive Injustices
3 Methods
4 Findings: Challenges for Researchers in Rwanda
5 Discussion and Conclusion
References
Digital Innovation by Displaced Populations: A Critical Realist Study of Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh
1 Introduction
1.1 Background of Rohingyas
1.2 Challenges with ICT and Internet Access for Rohingyas
1.3 Overcoming ICT Challenges and Restrictions
1.4 Services Offered by the Mobile Phone Shops
1.5 Digital Innovation and an Alternative Internet: Acquisition and Transfer of Audio-Visual Content by Mobile Phone Shops
2 A Critical Realist Philosophical Approach and Methodology
2.1 Field Data Collection Method
2.2 Critical Realism, Mechanism-Based Explanation, and ICT4D
2.3 The Philosophy of Critical Realism
3 Discussion and Analysis
3.1 Factual Case Study Description and Chronological Account of Events
3.2 Retroduction of Causal Mechanisms
4 Causal Mechanisms Which Explain Digital Innovation Rohingya Refugee Camps
5 Summary
References
A Post-colonial Analysis of Agile Software Development Methods in ICT4D
1 Introduction
2 Agile Methods in Information Systems Development
2.1 Tailoring Agile Methods
2.2 Agile Methods in ICT4D
3 Theoretical Model
4 Research Methods
4.1 Research Sites
4.2 Data Collection
5 Findings
5.1 Teams Rejecting Retrospectives
5.2 Communication Status
5.3 Restrictions of Self-organizing Teams by the Hierarchy
5.4 Lebanese Clients vs Western Clients
6 Discussion
7 Conclusions
References
Education and Health
The Adoption of Mobile Health (mHealth) Services by Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Nigeria
1 Introduction
2 Internally Displaced People in Nigeria
2.1 Technological Solutions for Refugees and IDPs
3 Theoretical Foundation
3.1 Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT)
4 Research Methodology
4.1 Interpretivism
4.2 Method of Data Analysis
5 Empirical Evidence and Findings
5.1 Themes Description Based on the Dimensions of Research Model
6 Discussion
6.1 Additional Model Modification
6.2 Contribution to Theory and Practice
7 Discussion
References
Embracing uMunthu: How Informal Caregivers in Malawi Use ICTs
1 Introduction
2 Informal Caregivers and ICTs in Developing Countries
3 The uMunthu Philosophy
4 The Context of the Study
4.1 Data Collection
4.2 Data Analysis
5 Findings and Discussion
5.1 Sharing and Shareability of ICTs
5.2 Supporting Each Other and Giving Back
5.3 Unintended Consequences of Sharing ICTs
5.4 Embracing uMunthu
6 Conclusions
References
Constraining and Enabling Factors in the Use of ICT in Rural Schools in Nepal
1 The Motivation for This Study
2 Literature Review
3 The Research Context
4 Methodology
4.1 Adoption of a Case Study Approach
4.2 Identification of the Case Study
4.3 The Role of the Researcher
4.4 Data Collection
4.5 Data Analysis
5 Findings
5.1 Infrastructure
5.2 Classroom Management
5.3 Gender
5.4 Teacher Motivation and Training
6 Concluding Remarks and Future Work
References
Educational Technology as a Positioning Tool in Rural Bangladesh
1 Introduction
2 Context
3 Methods
3.1 Data Collection
3.2 Analysis
4 Conceptual Framework: Figured Worlds
5 Findings
5.1 PowerPoint as a Tool for Social Validation
5.2 Internalising the PowerPoint as a Positioning Tool
5.3 Conflicts and Tensions
6 Discussion and Conclusions
References
Inclusion and Participation
ICT-Based Participation in Support of Palestinian Refugees’ Sustainable Livelihoods: A Local Authority Perspective
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 ICTs in Context of Refugee Studies
2.2 E-participation
2.3 Sustainable Livelihoods, Use of ICTs and E-participation
2.4 Conceptual Model for the Study
3 Research Methodology
4 Study Sample
5 Findings and Discussion
5.1 ICT-Based Participation Consequences
5.2 Livelihood Outcomes Sustained by E-participation
5.3 The Challenges of E-participation Implementation
6 Conclusion
References
Appraising WhatsApp in the Indian Context: Understanding the Rural Sentiment
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review and Theoretical Framework
2.1 Sentiment Analysis
3 Method
3.1 Demographic Description
3.2 Content Analysis
3.3 Thematic Analysis
4 Analysis and Findings
4.1 Word Cloud
4.2 Polarity Analysis
4.3 Emotion Analysis
4.4 Thematic Analysis
5 Conclusion and Implications
References
Enrolling Actors in a Social Information System: The Incremental Development of Unique Registry in Brazilian “Bolsa Família” Program
1 Introduction
2 The Role of IS Social and Welfare Programs
2.1 The BFP and CadÚnico
3 Actor-Network Theory
4 Research Method
5 The Case of CadÚnico
5.1 First Movement – Enrolling Other Ministries
5.2 Second Movement – Enrolling the Municipalities
6 Conclusion
References
Business Innovation and Data Privacy
Exploring Gender Gaps: How Nigerian Micro Business Owners Use Mobile Apps for Business
1 Introduction
2 Theoretical Framework: Capability Approach
3 Research Objectives
4 Review of Literature
4.1 Micro Businesses and Economic Development
4.2 Mobile Apps as ICT in Micro-businesses
4.3 Gender and Mobile Apps Adoption in Micro-businesses
5 Research Approach
5.1 The Study Area
5.2 Data Collection
5.3 Data Evaluation
6 Results and Discussion
6.1 Exploring Gender Gaps in Demography of Micro Business Owners in Lagos
6.2 Exploring Gender Gaps in Mobile Apps Usage by Micro Business Owners
7 Implications of Findings
8 Conclusion
8.1 Future Research
References
What Enables and Restrains Business Entrepreneurship in Refugee Camps in Malawi? A Search for Technology-Related Causal Mechanisms
1 Introduction
1.1 Location
1.2 Access to Technology in Dzaleka Refugee Camp
2 A Critical Realist Philosophical Approach and Methodology
3 Data Collection
3.1 Entrepreneurs and ICT in the Refugee Camp
4 Causal Mechanisms Retroduced
4.1 Mechanisms Retroduced
5 Summary and Conclusions
References
Check Your Tech - Considering the Provenance of Data Used to Build Digital Products and Services
1 Introduction
2 Methods
2.1 Case Study 1: The Online Avalanche in Ishmaelia
2.2 Case Study 2: Mobile Mania in Qumran
3 Discussion and Conclusion
References
Data Privacy and Protection: The Role of Regulation and Implications for Data Controllers in Developing Countries
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Institutional Theory
4 Methodology
4.1 Research Context
4.2 Data Collection
4.3 Data Analysis
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusion and Future Work
References
Implementation of Agile Methodology in Developing Countries: Case Study in Lebanon
1 Introduction
2 Agile Software Development in Developing Countries
2.1 Agile Implementation in Developing Countries
2.2 Research Model
3 Methodology
3.1 Research Sites
3.2 Data Collection
3.3 Data Analysis
4 Findings
4.1 Dimension A: Capabilities to Institutions
4.2 Dimension A: Institutions to Capabilities
4.3 Dimension B: Capabilities to ICT
4.4 Dimension B: ICT to Capabilities
4.5 Dimension C: ICT to Institutions
4.6 Dimension C: Institutions to ICT
5 Discussion
5.1 Limitations
6 Conclusion
References
Author Index