Informality, Labour Mobility and Precariousness: Supplementing the State for the Invisible and the Vulnerable

Preface: Life Lessons from the Informality Secession Project
Praise for Informality, Labour Mobility and Precariousness
Contents
Notes on Contributors
Acronyms
List of Figures
List of Tables
Introduction
The (Im)Moralities of Informality: States, Their Citizens and Conflicting Moral Orders
Informality, the Informal Economies and the Shadow Economy
The Content of This Book: Diverging Moralities
Bibliography
Coming
(Im)Mobilities and Informality as Livelihood Strategies in Transnational Social Fields
Introduction
Informality and (Im)Mobilities as Livelihood Strategies in Transnational Social Fields
Overview of Romanian Migration to Spain: The Romanian Enclaves of Castelló de la Plana and Roquetas de Mar
Informality Adaptation: A Schema of Informal Practices and Transnational Migration
Informal (Im)Mobilities of Romanian Migrants in Spain
Navigating Processes of Formalization and Informalization: Regularization, Immobility, and Institutionalization
(Im)Mobilities and Informality of Non-migrants and Returnees
Conclusion
References
Restaurant Backyards, Food Stores, and Temples: Invisibility, Informal Labour Practices, and Migrant Networks in the Suburbs of Warsaw
Introduction: Ethnography at Home, Ethnography Close to Home
Vignette 1
Visibility and Invisibility
Informal Migrant Networks and “Getting Things Done”
Vignette 2
Ethnic Niches and Ethnic Capital
Vignette 3
Conclusions
Bibliography
Informal Networks Among Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Case of Croatia
Introduction
Entrepreneurial Networks: Contrasting the West and the East
Networks as the Drivers of Success: Entrepreneurial Networks in the Western Economies
From Zero to Hero? Entrepreneurial (Informal) Networks in Transition Economies
Setting: Entrepreneurship and Migration Climate in Croatia
Methodology
Empirical Evidence from Croatia
Formal Associations and Informal Networks
Ethnic Communities, Transnational Personal Relations, and Reliance on ‘Domestic’ Informal Practices
Conclusion
References
“Performance of Illegality” Toward Migrants Living with HIV in Russia: From Social Exclusion to Deportation
The Border Spectacle
HIV Positive Migrants as the Catch 22 of the Russian Epidemic
Exclusion of HIV-Positive International Migrants
Conclusion
Literature
Staying
Institutions and the Informal Economy: Tax Morale of Small Businesses in Armenia and Georgia
Introduction—The Informal Economy and Institutional Incongruences
The Informal Economy, Informal Institutions, and Tax Morale
Tax Morale of Small Businesses in Georgia and Armenia
Discussion and Implications for Further Research
References
Left in the ‘Shadows’: The Informal Moral Economy of the Russian Far East
The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and Its Economic Environment
Entrepreneurs as a Networking Society
Trust, Morality, and Responsibility
Conclusion
Bibliography
Azerbaijani Meykhana: Cultural Policy and Local Actors’ Agenda
Introduction
Informality, Nationalism, and Cultural Policy
Political Dimensions of Meykhana
State Control Attempts of Meykhana. Mashtaga Case
“De, Gəlsin!” TV Show
Let’s Make Better Meykhana: Bottom-Up Attempts
Conclusion
References
Political vs. Everyday Forms of Governance in Uzbekistan: The Illegal, Immoral, and Illegitimate
Introduction: The Art of Not Claiming Your Rights
Methodology
Between “Good” and “Bad” Governances: Introducing the Everyday
Places of Resistance to State-Led Governance
Fieldwork Notes
Micro Forms of Governance and the Everyday
Governance of the Health Sector
Conclusion
References
Competing
Mixed Perceptions of State Responsibility Among Informal Sector Participants in MENA
Introduction
Overview of Models of Informal Sector
Informal Sector and Its Effect on Individual-Level Opinions
Data Sources
Overview of Informal Employment and Perceptions
Empirical Analysis
Concluding Remarks
References
State Collusion or Erosion During a Sovereign Debt Crisis: Market Dynamics Spawn Informal Practices in Lebanon
Sectarian Elites, Public Finance Distortions, and the Sovereign Debt Crisis
Parallel Currency Markets, Traders, and Informal Practices
Conclusion: The Way Out
Works Cited
Perceived Pull and Push Factors of Healthcare Professionals Intention for Mobility: The Case of Romania
Introduction
Literature Review
Data and Method
Participants
Measurement
Dependent Variables
Independent Variables
Control Variables
Models and Estimation Method
Results
Conclusions, Discussions, and Limitations of the Study
Annex 1
References
E-nformality: Smartphones as a New Regulatory Space for Informal Exchange of Formal Resources
Introduction
The Context, the Field, the Literature
Younger Generations Are Comfortable with New Technology
Health Facilities and Access to Medical Services
Kindergarten and School: Bypassing Digitalisation
WhatsApp: Access to Information and Networks
Older Generations Are Less Comfortable with Technology
Informal Markets in the Context of migration: Obtaining Fake Qualifications
Conclusion
References
Work, Subsistence and Distress of the Homeless in Moldova
Introduction
Post-Soviet Transformation of the Labour Market, the Disintegration of the Social Welfare System, and Massive Pauperization
Work Experience of Homeless People: A Quantitative Estimate
The Lack of Identity Papers and Propiska
The ‘Informal Sector’: A Labour Market Accessible for the Vulnerable Workforce
The Economy of the Homeless and Refuse Economics
A Fragmented Professional Career
Discussion of Findings and Some Conclusions
References
Index