Industrial Applications of Surface Analysis

Title Page......Page 1
Copyright......Page 2
ACS Symposium Series......Page 3
FOREWORD......Page 4
PdftkEmptyString......Page 0
PREFACE......Page 5
Objectives of Surface Analysis......Page 7
Principles of Surface Analysis......Page 9
Methods of Surface Analysis......Page 10
Role of Surface Structure in Microelectronics: An Example......Page 11
Perspective......Page 15
Literature Cited......Page 16
2 Ultra-High Vacuum Techniques of Surface Characterization......Page 19
Basic Description of the UHV Techniques......Page 20
Information Content......Page 24
Surface Sensitivities......Page 30
Comparative Advantages and Disadvantages of the UHV Techniques......Page 34
Disadvantages......Page 35
Disadvantages......Page 36
Literature Cited......Page 37
3 Analysis of Surfaces and Thin Films by IR, Raman, and Optical Spectroscopy......Page 39
Infrared Spectroscopy......Page 42
UV-Visible Reflection Spectroscopy......Page 47
Raman Spectroscopy......Page 48
Literature Cited......Page 52
4 Near Surface Analysis with Energetic Ion Beams......Page 54
Elastic Backscattering Analysis......Page 56
Nuclear Reaction Analysis......Page 65
Conclusions......Page 72
Literature Cited......Page 73
5 Characterization of Solid Surfaces by Wet Chemical Techniques......Page 74
London Dispersion Force Interaction......Page 75
Acid-Base Interaction at Interfaces......Page 76
Indicator Dye Techniques for Surfaces Acidity and Basicity......Page 77
Titration of Surface Sites on Carbon Blacks......Page 80
Titration of Ionic Groups on Latex Particles......Page 82
Spectral Measurement of Acid-Base Complexes on Metals......Page 84
Heats of Adsorption of Acids and Bases on Inorganic Surfaces......Page 85
Iron Oxides......Page 87
Silica......Page 90
Electrophoretic Methods for Detecting Surface Acidity and Basicity......Page 91
Literature Cited......Page 92
6 Prospects in the Analysis of Chemically Modified Electrodes......Page 94
The "Alphabet Soup" Of Methods......Page 95
Surface Topography......Page 96
Atomic Speciation......Page 98
Molecular Speciation......Page 104
Structure And Bonding......Page 115
Summary......Page 117
Literature Cited......Page 118
7 Applications of Ion Beam Methods to Characterization of Adhesive Bonding Materials......Page 125
Experimental Considerations......Page 126
Application of ISS and SIMS......Page 133
Adhesives and Other Polymers......Page 136
Specimen Charging......Page 138
Determining Locus of Failure......Page 140
Conclusions......Page 142
Literature Cited......Page 145
8 Surface Analysis of Fibers and Polymers by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Industrial Applications......Page 146
Recent Reviews......Page 147
Introduction to Core Electron Spectra of Polymeric Materials......Page 148
Electron Escape Depths......Page 149
Plasma Oxidation of Fibers and Surface Grafting of Coatings to Wool Fibers......Page 151
Analysis of Plasma Deposited Flurocarbon Coatings on Polymer Films and Wool Fibers......Page 153
Plasma Treated Wool Fibers......Page 160
Chemical Modifications of Surface Functional Groups with Elements Having High Photoelectric Cross Sections......Page 176
Growth Regulators Encapsulated in Natural Polymers......Page 180
Siloxane Urethane Interpenetrating Network......Page 184
Penetration of a Vacuum Pump Fluid Into O-Ring Seals......Page 189
Sulfonation of 8% Crosslinked Styrene Divinylbenzene Copolymer Beads......Page 192
Polymer Anchored Catalysts......Page 194
Sulfone Polymer Radiation Chemistry......Page 200
Surface Analysis of Modified Polyester Fibers Utilizing a Variety of Spectroscopic Methods.......Page 202
Literature Cited......Page 203
9 Surface Analysis of Glasses......Page 206
Theory......Page 207
Experimental Procedures......Page 211
Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) Profiles......Page 213
Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS) Profiles......Page 217
Resonant Nuclear Reaction (RNR) Profiles......Page 220
Secondary Ion Photoemission Spectroscopy (SIPS) Profiles......Page 222
Infrared Reflection Spectroscopy (IRRS) Profiles......Page 225
Conclusions......Page 227
Literature Cited......Page 230
10 Problems and Prospects of Instrumental Surface Analysis of Electronic Materials and Processes......Page 232
Semiconductor Processing......Page 233
Semiconductor Processing Technologies and the Application of Surface Analysis Techniques......Page 234
Literature Cited......Page 249
11 Use of Surface Analytical Techniques to Examine Metal Corrosion Problems......Page 253
Types of Corrosion......Page 254
Relationship to Surface Analysis Techniques......Page 255
Relationship of Grain Boundary Chemistry and Fracture in an Aqueous Environment (AES)......Page 264
Electrochemical Reactions at UO2 Surfaces (XPS)......Page 268
Electrochemical Behavior of Titanium Implanted with Platinum (RBS)......Page 269
Pretreatments of Stainless Steels - Crevice Corrosion and High Temperature Oxidation (AES)......Page 274
Corrosion Control on Gold-Coated Contacts Used in Submarine Navigational Computers (AES, XPS, RBS)......Page 275
CONCLUSIONS......Page 280
LITERATURE CITED......Page 282
12 Surface Characterization in Mineral Processing......Page 285
Surface Properties of Importance in Mineral Processing......Page 288
The Electrical Double Layer at Mineral/Water Interfaces......Page 289
Surface Characterization in Flotation......Page 291
Application of Raman Spectroscopy to the Study of Interfaces in Mineral Processing.......Page 299
Ore Mineralogy......Page 301
Characterization of Ores After Various Treatments......Page 303
Grinding Aids for Comminution......Page 307
Adsorption of Metal Ions in Leaching......Page 308
Discrepancies in Observed Surface Properties of Minerals......Page 309
Summary......Page 311
Literature Cited......Page 313
13 Particle Charge in Nonaqueous Dispersions......Page 315
Measurement of Zeta Potential......Page 317
Surface Potential and Particle Stability......Page 318
Transient Measurements......Page 319
Electrical and Optical Transients......Page 320
Field Dependence on Mobility......Page 322
Determination of Q/M......Page 324
Literature Cited......Page 327
14 Surface Analysis and Solar Energy Materials......Page 328
Solar Radiation and Man-Made Collection Devices......Page 329
Importance of Interfaces in SECS......Page 330
Interface Studies Applicable to Solar Materials......Page 332
Surface Science and Solar Materials Interfaces......Page 336
Interface Science Applied to Solar Energy Materials......Page 338
Glossary of Acronyms......Page 343
Literature Cited......Page 344
15 Applications of Surface Analysis in the Nuclear Industry......Page 346
Analysis of Borosilicate Glass Leaching Using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS)......Page 349
Reaction of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons with Nuclear Component Surfaces......Page 355
Surface Studies of Boiler Tubing Oxidation......Page 360
Conclusions......Page 362
Literature Cited......Page 366
16 The Surface Chemistry of First-Wall Materials in Magnetic Fusion Devices......Page 368
Survey of Plasma-Wall Interactions......Page 369
Plasma Impurity Effects......Page 373
Conditioning Studies......Page 375
Coating Technologies......Page 386
Summary......Page 392
Literature Cited......Page 394
17 Application of Thermal Analysis and Photoelectron Spectroscopy for the Characterization of Particulate Matter......Page 398
Methods and Procedures......Page 399
Results and Discussion......Page 400
Summary......Page 405
Literature Cited......Page 410
A......Page 411
B......Page 412
C......Page 413
E......Page 415
F......Page 418
H......Page 419
I......Page 420
L......Page 422
M......Page 423
N......Page 424
P......Page 425
R......Page 427
S......Page 428
T......Page 433
X......Page 434
Z......Page 436