Indirect Translation Explained is the first comprehensive, user-friendly book on the practice of translating indirectly in today’s world. Unlike previous scholarly approaches, which have traditionally focused on translating from the original, this textbook offers practical advice on how to efficiently translate from an already translated text and for the specific purpose of further translation.
Written by key specialists in this area of research and drawing on many years of translation teaching and practice, this process-focused textbook covers a range of languages, geographical settings and types of translation, including audiovisual, literary, news, and scientific-technical translation, as well as localization and interpreting. Since this topic addresses the concerns and practices of both more peripheral and more dominant languages, this textbook is usable by all, regardless of the language combinations they work with.
Featuring theoretical considerations, tasks for hands-on practice, suggestions for further discussion and diverse, real-world examples, this is the essential textbook for all students and autodidacts learning how to translate via a third language.
Author(s): Hanna Pięta, Rita Bueno Maia, Ester Torres-Simón
Series: Translation Practices Explained
Publisher: Routledge
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 240
City: London
Cover
Half Title
Endorsement
Series Information
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Figures
Tables
About this Book
Acknowledgements
1 Introduction
Introduction
Learning Outcomes
What Is Indirect Translation?
When Does Indirect Translation Happen?
Where Do You Translate Indirectly?
How Do You Translate Indirectly?
Who Are the Main Stakeholders in Indirect Translation?
Why Translate Indirectly?
What Are the Consequences of Translating Indirectly?
Indirect Translation in the Foreseeable Future
Practice
Research
Training
Activities
Activity 1 Problematize the Concept of Indirect Translation, Using Appropriate Terminology
Activity 1.1 Reflect On the Terminology
Activity 1.2 Indirect Translation Around Us
Activity 1.3 Indirect Translation Awareness
Activity 1.4 Indirectness in MT
Activity 2 Discuss Common Misconceptions Associated With this Practice
Activity 2.1 Rates and Availability
Activity 2.2 Professional Associations
Activity 2.3 Training
References
2 Interpreting
Introduction
Learning Outcomes
Relay in the History of Interpreting
Relay Interpreting Today
Working Modes and Settings
Languages
Technology
Challenges
Incomplete Multimodal Perception
Increased Time Lag
Increased Time in Consecutive
Hybrid Audience
Retour
Positioning and Turn-Taking
A Sense of Disconnect From the Original Culture
Silver Linings
Tips On How to Deal With Pivot Interpreting Situations
Guidelines for Relayers in Simultaneous Interpreting
Share the Speaker’s Text
Ask for an Extra Pair of Ears
Get Familiar With the Technology
Articulate Clearly
Always Keep an Eye On the Time (Aim for Synchrony)
Know When to Compress Or Gist
Condense Judiciously
Prioritize Clarity
Context Is Everything
Indicate Any Change of Speakers
Guidelines for Relay-Takers in Simultaneous Interpreting
Get Familiar With the Technology
Build Trust With Your Pivot
Choose the Pivot Language Judiciously (Know Your Language Preferences)
Be Mindful of the Directionality
Ask the Relay for a Pre-Event Brief
Be Quicker Than Usual
Be Constructive and Appreciative (Debrief)
Guidelines for Consecutive Interpreters
Plan Ahead
Explain the Situation Clearly to All the Parties
Positioning
Turn-taking and Strategic Mediation
Handling Documents and Forms
Debrief
Activities
Activity 1 Analyse an Already Translated Source Text to Identify Potential Translation Difficulties, Such as the Presence of Domesticated Cultural Items (Measurements, Currencies, Historical References, Legal Terms, Names of Places, Reference Titles, Etc.
Activity 1.1 Identifying Potential Difficulties (Textual Vs. Oral)
Activity 1.2 Identifying Potential Difficulties (Content Vs. Context)
Activity 1.3 Identifying Potential Difficulties (Direct Vs. Relay)
Activity 2 Summarize, Rephrase, Restructure, Adapt and Shorten Rapidly and Accurately in at Least One Target Language, Using Written And/or Spoken Communication, and Keeping the Most Relevant Features
Activity 2.1 Summary as Documentation of Interpreting
Activity 2.2 Sight Translation From a Summarized Translated Text
Activity 3 Process Multimodality
Activity 3.1 Multimodality and Relay Interpreting (Conference Setting)
Activity 3.2 Multimodality and Remote Consecutive Interpreting
References
3 Scientific-Technical Translation
Introduction
Learning Outcomes
Indirect Translation in Scientific-Technical Translation
Quality Control and Quality Assurance and How They Relate to Indirect Translation
Indirect Translation in International Patenting Activity
Usefulness of Machine Translation
Concepts Without an Equivalent in the Ultimate Target Language
Mistakes in the Mediating Text
Indirect Translation as Part of Instructional Text Production
Global English (Mind Your Language!)
Use of Technical Terminology
Ambiguity in Sentence Structure
Lengthy Combinations of Nouns
Active Voice Vs. Passive Voice
Nouns Vs. Personal Pronouns
Multimodality and Culture (Mind Your Images!)
Indirect Translation in International Scientific Publishing
Status of English as the Language of Science
Quotations From Already Translated Texts
Indirect Translation in Popularizing Science
Characteristics of a Scientific Text for Non-Specialist Readers
Open Access: Curating Content Through Indirect Translation
Health Crisis: Science Must Reach the Population
Activities
Activity 1 Developing and Implementing Quality Assessment Strategies to Produce Indirect Translations Using Appropriate Tools and Techniques
Activity 2. Developing and Implementing Quality Control and Quality Assurance Strategies to Produce a Mediating Text Using Appropriate Tools and Techniques
Activity 3. Check, Revise And/or Review Your Own Work and That of Others (Including Machine Translation) According to Standard Or Work-Specific Quality Objectives to Mitigate the Chances of Errors Reaching the TT
Activity 4. Culturemes
References
4 Localization
Introduction
Learning Outcomes
Indirect Translation and Localization
Indirect Translation in the History of Localization and Today
Localization Processes
Pre-translation Phase Or Pre-Localization Phase
Market Analysis
Language Tiering
Internationalization
Controlled Language
Pre-editing
Testing Internationalization
Localization Kit
Brainstorming Session
Translation Phase Or Localization Phase
Translatable Elements
Degrees of Localization
A Constantly Evolving Original
Tools
Translatable Strings
Parallel Work
Revision
Post-translation Phase Or Post-Localization Phase
Multiprofessional Cooperation
Challenges Brought About By Localization Processes and Ways to Go About Them
Product Names
Changing Size
Mind the Images
Mind the Colours
Strings
Mind the Reading Conventions
Mind the Numbers
Constant Modifications to the Original and Pivot Versions
Blindfolded Translation
Silver Linings
Activities
Activity 1. Work in a Multiprofessional and Plurilingual Team Where the Translators Are Not Competent in All the Working Languages and Collaborate to Produce a Translation Via a Third Common Language
SITUATION 1
SITUATION 2
SITUATION 3
SITUATION 4
SITUATION 5
SITUATION 6
SITUATION 7
Activity 2. Use the Most Relevant Software to Translate From Multiple Source Texts and Languages
Activity 3. Pre-Edit Source Material for the Purpose of Potentially Improving Further Translation Using Appropriate Pre-Editing Techniques
References
5 Literary Translation
Introduction
Learning Outcomes
Indirect Translation and Cultural Awareness Issues
Ethical Challenges
Legal Challenges
Who Retains the Copyright?
Forms of Compensation
How to Prevent a Breach of Relay Rights
Activities
Activity 1. Assessing the Relevance and Accuracy of Intermediary Versions of a Source Text
Activity 2 Using Previous Corresponding Translations in an Ethical and Constructive Way
Activity 2.1 Creative Process
Activity 2.2 Intellectual Property
Activity 2.3 Copyright
Activity 2.4 Support Translation
Activity 3. Take Into Account the Potential Risk of Central Mediating Languages Having a Domesticating Effect
References
6 Audiovisual Translation
Introduction
Learning Outcomes
Indirect Translation in the History of Audiovisual Translation
Indirect Translation in AVT Today
Pivot Language Templates in Professional Subtitling
Main Challenges Brought About By Pivot Templates
Structural Differences Between the Original, Pivot and Final Languages
Condensations
Missing Cultural Background
Domestication
Mistranslations in the English Pivot
Unhelpful Annotations
Locked Templates
Mismatch Between the Original Audio and the Template
Templates Created for Other Purposes
Silver Linings
Tips On How to Create a Fit-For-Purpose Pivot Template
Mind the Reading Speed and the Readability (But Only If Necessary)
Always Mind the Rhythm
If Possible, Go Literal
Avoid Domesticating
Make Plenty of Use of the Annotation Field
Be Ready to Translate Out of Your Mother Tongue
Tips On How to Translate From a Pivot Template
Know How to Use Automatic Transcription Tools
Have Expert Advice at Your Fingertips
Consider Specializing in Pivot Subtitling
Do Not Be Afraid of Editing the Spotting
Communicate With Various Stakeholders at Every Stage of the Process
Activities
Activity 1. Translate General and Domain-Specific Material From an Already Translated Text in One Or Several Source Languages Into Their Target Language(s), Producing a “fit-For-Purpose” Translation
Activity 2. Translate for Further Translation, I.e., Produce a Translator-Friendly Text (A Pivot Template) That Can Be Conveniently Used as a Pivot Text for Subsequent Translations Into a Third Language
References
7 News Translation
Introduction
Learning Outcomes
Indirect Translation in the History of News Translation
Indirect Translation in News Translation Today
Translation Agencies
Newspapers
Indirect Translation and Fact-Checking
Challenges in News Translation (And Some Ways to Go About Them)
KISSER: Keep It Short, Simple and Easy to Relay
Compare Parallel Source Texts
Be Extra Careful With Quotations
Prepare for Changes in Context, Textual Genre and Allocated Space
Be Responsible and Aware of Ideological Manipulation
Activities
Activity 1 Produce a Translator-Friendly Text That Can Be Conveniently Used as a Pivot Text for Subsequent Translations Into a Third Language
Activity 1.1 Analyse Published News
Activity 1.2 Controversies
Activity 2 Assess the Relevance and Accuracy of the Intermediary Versions of a Source Text
Activity 2.1 Global News Agencies
Activity 2.2 Local News Agencies
Activity 2.3 Newspapers in Your Country
Activity 2.4 Quotations
Activity 3 Summarize, Rephrase, Restructure, Adapt Rapidly and Accurately Using Already Translated Written And/or Spoken Communication, Keeping the Most Relevant Features
Activity 3.1 Textual Adaptations
Activity 3.2 Opinion Pieces
References
8 Project Management
Introduction
Learning Outcomes
What Does a PM Do?
Facing Multilingualism and Diversity
Technology and Project Management Tools
Communication
Project Management in Interpreting
Conference Interpreting
Consecutive Interpreting
Project Management in Scientific-Technical Translation
Project Management in Localization
Human Resources
Testing Internationalization
Translation
Quality Assurance Monitoring
Project Management in Literary Translation
Project Management in AVT
Project Management in News Translation
Activities
Activity 1 Be Aware of and Comply With the Current Market Demands and Conditions for Translating for and From a Translation in Different Fields
Activity 1.1 Rates By Field
Activity 1.2 Rates for Relay
Activity 2 Take Account of and Adapt the Organizational and Physical Ergonomics of Specific Working Environments
Activity 3 Organize, Budget and Manage Translation Projects That Make Use of Previous Translations Or Produce Texts to Be Used for Further Translations
SITUATION 1
SITUATION 2
SITUATION 3
SITUATION 4
SITUATION 5
Activity 4 Critically Approach the Use of Mediating Languages in Online Translation Tools
References
9 Conclusions
Introduction
Bringing It All Together
Activities
Activity 1 Past Facts and Myths About Indirect Translation
Activity 2 Is Indirect Translation a Niche Nowadays?
Activity 2.1
Activity 2.2
Activity 3 The Foreseeable Future of Indirect Translation
References
Glossary
References
Index
