The book seeks to comprehend how indigenous knowledge systems of local communities can be effectively used in disaster management of various types. A prime example is the 2015 Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, promoting indigenous environmental management knowledge and practices. Traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples includes information and insight that supplement conventional science and environmental observations, a comprehensive understanding of the environment, natural resources, culture, and human interactions with them which is not documented before. A great deal of this knowledge have been lost in translation. In this book, the authors attempt to keep a record of each and every traditional knowledge study of the indigenous communities in managing the disasters.
The use of indigenous knowledge systems in disaster understanding and management is the primary focus of the chapters. This book is organized into four major sections. The first part gives an overview and help in conceptualizing the different concepts of hazard and disaster perception and how response and adaptation are connected with it. This part also discusses the concept of the connection between hazard and sustainable development and how the understanding of risk reduction and resilience can happen with the help of indigenous knowledge, insights, and strategies.
The second part of the book introduces the different approaches to disaster and risk management. It establishes how vulnerability influences the risk associated with a hazard and the responses can be both positive and negative in disaster management. The approaches of the indigenous communities in managing a disaster, their resilience, capacity building, and community-based preparedness will be the area of prime focus in this chapter.Part 3 of this book describes the concept of sustainability through indigenous knowledge and practice. The sole highlight of this chapter is the indigenous knowledge efficacies in disaster identification, risk reduction, climate risk management, and climate action.
The last section of the book explores how to meet the gaps between local knowledge and policy formulation. It highlights how traditional knowledge of the indigenous communities can prove to be beneficial in developing a holistic regional-based policy framework which will be easily accepted by the target stakeholders since they will be more acquainted with the local strategies and methods. This section ends with an assessment and discussion of the gaps and future scopes in disaster risk reduction through integrating local knowledge and modern technologies.
Author(s): Gopal Krishna Panda, Uday Chatterjee, Nairwita Bandyopadhyay, Martiwi Diah Setiawati, Debarpita Banerjee
Series: Disaster Risk Reduction: Methods, Approaches and Practices
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 611
City: Cham
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Part I Conceptualising Disaster and Risk
1 Indigenous Knowledge and Disaster Risk Reduction: Insight Toward Perception, Response, Adaptation and Sustainability
1.1 Indigenous Knowledge System and Disaster Management
1.2 Indigenous Knowledge, Disaster Risk Reduction and Community Participation
1.3 Indigenous Knowledge in Disaster Management and Sustainable Development
1.4 The Shifting Paradigm of Disaster Management
1.4.1 Changing Vision of Disaster Management at the International Level
1.4.2 Shift in Disaster Management from Response to Risk Reduction
1.4.3 Disaster Management Cycle and Indigenous Knowledge
1.4.4 From Relief to Development, from Natural Hazards to All Hazards, from Single Agency to All Agencies
1.4.5 Development Oriented Emergency Aid
1.4.6 Community Participation in Risk and Vulnerability Reduction Oriented Development
1.4.7 Indigenous Knowledge- and Community-Based Approach in DRR
1.4.8 DRR with a Focus on the Poorest and Most Vulnerable
1.4.9 Disasters and Environment
1.5 Summary and Conclusion
References
2 Role of Traditional and Indigenous Knowledge in Disaster Management
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Aims and Objective
2.3 Research Design
2.3.1 Indigenous Technology and Flood Prediction, Mitigation and Management
2.3.2 Indigenous Technology and Cyclone Prediction, Mitigation and Management
2.3.3 Indigenous Technology and Drought Prediction, Mitigation and Management
2.3.4 Indigenous Technology and Earthquake Prediction, Mitigation and Management
2.3.5 Indigenous Technology and Volcanic Eruption Prediction, Mitigation and Management
2.3.6 Discussion and Conclusion
References
3 Conception and Perception of Indigenous People on Merapi Volcano Eruption: Knowledge, Philosophy, and Indigenous Education on Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials and Methods
3.3 Results and Discussion
3.4 Nature and Human Relation
3.5 Disaster, Human, and Its Philosophy
3.6 Disaster Risk Reduction and Disaster Mitigation in Indonesia
3.7 Conception and Perception of Indigenous People on Disaster
3.8 Indigenous Knowledge and Philosophy on Disaster Management
3.9 Indigenous Education on Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia: Case Study in Mt. Merapi
3.10 Conclusions
References
4 Dispossessing ‘Own People’ from Their Homeland: Muslim Indigenous Ethnic Minority in Sri Lanka
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Literature Overview
4.3 Geographic Distribution and Attitudinal Difference
4.4 Objectives
4.5 Methodology
4.6 Historical Background: The Moors of Sri Lanka
4.6.1 Moors of Jaffna
4.6.2 Moor Returnees in Jaffna
4.7 Dispossessing ‘Own People’ from Their Homeland: The Narratives
4.7.1 “Homeless at Home”: Struggles After Return
4.7.2 Broken Dreams, Unfulfilled Aspirations
4.7.3 Easter Sunday Attacks and Its Effect on the Moors: Narratives from the Women
4.8 Conclusion
References
Part II Approaches to Disaster Management
5 Mountainous Hazards and Sustainable Livelihood in Leh Valley
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Materials and Methods
5.3 Results and Discussions
5.3.1 Climatic Characteristics and Flash Flood Hazards
5.3.2 Geological Impact on Earthquake Hazards
5.3.3 Geomorphological Impact on Hazards and Livelihood
5.3.4 Tourism Economy and Livelihood
5.4 Recommendations
5.5 Conclusions
References
6 Does Indigenous Wisdom Still Exist? Toward the Involvement of Indigenous Peoples in Disaster Risk Reduction
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Methods
6.3 An Overview of Indigenous Peoples in Indonesia
6.4 The Tendency to Lose Indigeneity in Indigenous People
6.5 Inspiration from Various Parts of Indonesia: The Implementation of IW in Disaster Risk Reduction
6.5.1 IW in Disaster Risk Reduction Through Good Forest Management
6.5.2 IW in Spring Conservation
6.5.3 IW in Soil and Water Conservation to Prevent Erosion and Maintain Soil Fertility
6.5.4 IW in Dealing with the Tsunami Disaster
6.6 Recommendations
6.7 Conclusions
References
7 Assessment of the Local Traditional Knowledge and Practices of Flood Risk Identification Techniques: A Case Study of Nadaro Village, Tailevu, Fiji
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Rationale of the Study
7.3 Materials and Methods
7.4 Fiji Islands
7.4.1 Study Area: Nadaro Village, Tailevu
7.5 Results and Discussion
7.5.1 Section A: General Status and Flooding Experience
7.5.2 Indigenous Traditional Knowledge: Early Warning Systems
7.5.3 Religious and Cultural Implications
7.6 Limitations of the Study
7.7 Recommendations
7.8 Conclusion
Appendix
References
8 Indigenous Knowledge and Strategic Approaches to Combat Drought: A Study from the Western Rarh Region (Bankura and Purulia Districts) in West Bengal
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Materials and Methods
8.2.1 Study Area
8.2.2 Data Collection
8.3 Result and Discussions
8.3.1 Food and Feeding Habits to Combat Drought
8.3.2 Water Resource Management to Combat Drought
8.4 Recommendations
8.5 Conclusions
References
9 Use of Biotic and Abiotic Factors to Predict Natural Calamities: A Case Study Concerning the Santali Tribe in Four Districts of West Bengal, India
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Materials and Methods
9.2.1 Study Area
9.2.2 Methodology
9.2.3 Analysis of the Data Through Various Indices
9.3 Results
9.3.1 Demographic Characteristics of the Informants and the Area of the Study
9.3.2 Analysis of the Different Indices
9.4 Discussion
9.5 Challenges and Recommendations
9.6 Conclusion
References
10 Risk Perception of Landslide Among the Tribal Population: A Case Study of Kotagiri Taluk of Nilgiri District, Tamil Nadu, India
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Study Area
10.3 Rationale of the Study
10.4 Methodology
10.4.1 Sample Size
10.4.2 Frequency
10.4.3 Independent Sample T-Test
10.4.4 Multiple Regressions
10.5 Result and Discussion
10.6 Suggestions
10.7 Conclusion
References
Part III Sustainability Through Indigenous Knowledge and Practice
11 Indigenous Knowledge of Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Material and Methods
11.2.1 Data Source
11.2.2 Methodology
11.2.3 Result and Discussion
11.3 Identification of Indigenous Knowledge Terms in Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia
11.4 Opportunities for the Development of Indigenous Knowledge Research in Disaster Risk Reduction
11.5 Limitations of the Study
11.6 Conclusions
References
12 Indigenous Knowledge in Sustainable Development: A Mao Naga Perspective
12.1 Introduction
12.2 The Mao Nagas
12.3 The Rationale of the Study
12.4 The Methodology
12.4.1 Study Area
12.5 Indigenous People
12.6 Indigenous Knowledge (IK)
12.6.1 Why Indigenous Knowledge?
12.6.2 Importance of IK
12.6.3 Indigenous Knowledge of Fruits, Vegetables, and Flowers
12.6.4 Indigenous Knowledge in Healthcare
12.6.5 Indigenous Knowledge of Forests and Trees
12.7 Indigenous Knowledge in Cultivation
12.7.1 Terrace Cultivation
12.7.2 Wet Field
12.8 Landslides
12.9 Discussions
12.10 Conclusion
References
13 Perspectives from Indigenous Knowledge in Sustainable Development: A Study on the Rajbanshi Society in the Sub-Himalayan Region of West Bengal
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Study Area
13.3 Materials and Method
13.4 Rajbanshi Society and Environmental Sustainability
13.4.1 Worshiping Plants as a Way of Diversity Conservation
13.4.2 Diversity of Plants Conserved as Traditional and Socio-cultural Activity
13.4.3 Tree Plantation, Festivals and Rituals
13.4.4 Folk Treatment and Biodiversity Conservation
13.4.5 Use of Herbal Products in Everyday Life
13.4.6 Worshiping Animals
13.4.7 Indigenous Knowledge and Waste Management in Rajbanshi Society
13.5 Rajbanshi Society and Socio-economic Sustainability
13.5.1 Worshiping ‘Gram Thakur’
13.5.2 Mistor Dhora (To Make Friends)
13.5.3 Pani Chhita Bap (To Make Son)
13.5.4 Baapdaay (To Make Father)
13.5.5 Pancha System
13.5.6 Gua Khowa (Invitation for Having Betel Nut)
13.5.7 Bahecha System
13.5.8 Baho
13.5.9 Hauli
13.5.10 Bhanjh
13.6 Conclusion
Appendix
References
14 Climate Risk Management with Indigenous Knowledge and Perception—Evidence from Drought Prone Regions of India
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Literature and Background
14.3 Methodology and Sampling Methods
14.4 Study Area
14.5 Analysis and Discussions
14.5.1 Documenting Indigenous Knowledge for Drought Prediction
14.5.2 Documenting Rituals to Predict and Mitigate Drought
14.5.3 Perception of Drought and Scientific Explanations
14.6 Discussion and Conclusion
Notes
References
15 Toponym and Kayori: Potential Benefits of Local Wisdom to Kaili in Disaster Mitigation Strategies in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
15.1 Introduction
15.1.1 Rationale of the Study
15.1.2 Materials
15.1.3 Methods
15.2 Results and Discussion
15.2.1 Kaili Tribe and Their Territory
15.2.2 Kaili’s Wisdom and Disaster
15.2.3 The Legal Recognition of the Kaili and Contradiction
15.3 Recommendations
15.4 Conclusions
References
16 Achieving Rural Water Security Through Traditional Knowledge: A Comprehensive Appraisal of Traditional Water Harvesting Techniques Used in Dry Lands of Purulia District, West Bengal, India
16.1 Introduction
16.1.1 Aim and Objectives
16.2 Methodology
16.3 Results and Discussions
16.3.1 Traditional Knowledge and Its Applications for Environmental Conservation
16.3.2 Water Harvesting Techniques for Drylands
16.3.3 Purulia District and Its Water Resources and Traditional Water Harvesting Techniques
16.4 Limitation of the Study
16.5 Recommendations
16.6 Conclusion
References
Part IV Science-Policy Interface Through Indigenous Knowledge
17 The Journey Towards Understanding and Valuing Indigenous Knowledge for Climate Change Adaptation in Northland, Aotearoa-New Zealand
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Literature Review
17.2.1 Climate Change Impacts on Indigenous Communities
17.2.2 Indigenous Knowledge for Climate Change Adaptation
17.2.3 Indigenous Knowledge and Climate Change Adaptation in the Literature
17.2.4 Challenges in Integrating Indigenous Knowledge with Scientific Knowledge
17.3 Case Study Background: Northland, Aotearoa-New Zealand
17.3.1 Māori Worldview and Indigenous Knowledge (Te ao Māori and Mātauranga Māori)
17.3.2 Examples of Mātauranga Māori Climate Adaptation
17.3.3 Te Tai Tokerau Climate Adaptation Strategy
17.3.4 Aotearoa-New Zealand National Adaptation Plan
17.4 Research Methodology
17.4.1 Document Analysis
17.4.2 Semi-structured Interviews
17.4.3 Meetings (Hui)
17.4.4 Data Analysis
17.5 Findings
17.5.1 Mātauranga Māori Versus Western Science: The Differences
17.5.2 Climate Change Action Drivers: Iwi Versus Local Government Perspectives
17.5.3 Consideration of Te ao Māori and Mātauranga Māori in Northland’s Climate Change Strategies and Plans
17.5.4 Challenges
17.5.5 Potential Opportunities for Māori and Local Governments
17.6 Discussion
17.7 Conclusions
References
18 Assessments for Disaster Risk Reduction by Analysing the Gaps and Future Scopes in Resilient Indigenous Practices
18.1 Background
18.2 Introduction
18.3 Rationale of the Study
18.4 Interaction Between DRR and Indigenous Practices
18.5 Role of Identification of the Gaps in Disaster Risk Reduction
18.6 Disaster Knowledge Gaps
18.6.1 The Epistemological Gap
18.6.2 The Institutional Gap
18.6.3 The Strategic Gap
18.6.4 Analysis of the Three Gaps in Relation to the DRR
18.7 Materials and Methods
18.8 Results and Discussion
18.9 Challenges/Limitations of the Study
18.10 Conclusion
References
19 Disaster Risk Reduction Through Local Knowledge and Practices—A Case Study of the Indigenous Boti Tribe, Timor Island, Indonesia
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Rationale of the Study
19.3 Literature Review
19.4 Materials and Methods
19.5 Results and Discussions
19.6 Challenges/Limitations of the Study
19.7 Recommendations
19.8 Conclusions
References
20 Disaster Risk Reduction: Assessment of Gaps in Policy Framework and Future Scopes in Implementation of Indigenous Practices in India
20.1 Introduction
20.1.1 Basic Concept and Meaning of Terminologies
20.1.2 Classification of Disasters
20.2 Percentage Distribution of Natural Disasters in India
20.3 Decadal Death Toll Due to Natural Disasters in India
20.4 Disaster Prone Areas in India
20.5 Major Disasters in India
20.6 Policy Framework and Gap Analysis
20.7 Indigenous Field Practices and Future Scopes
20.8 Policy Recommendations
20.9 Conclusion
References
21 The Resilience of Indigenous Peoples in Facing Disaster Risks Due to Extreme Climate Change on Alor Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Rationale of the Study
21.2.1 Climate Change
21.2.2 Disaster Risk
21.2.3 Indigenous People’s Resilience
21.3 Materials and Methods
21.4 Results and Discussion
21.4.1 Condition of Communities Affected by Disasters
21.4.2 Disaster Mitigation Efforts for the Indigenous People of Alor in the Future
21.4.3 The Resilience of the Indigenous Peoples of Alor Island to Disasters Caused by Climate Change
21.5 Limitations of the Study
21.6 Recommendations
21.7 Conclusions
References
22 Unearthing the Local Wisdom of Disaster Mitigation Based on Geoarchaeological Records in the Mainland of Sumatra, Indonesia
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Research Question, Methods, and Objectives of the Study
22.3 The Geological Settings of Sumatra
22.4 The Archaeological Mitigation Evidence in the Mainland Sumatra
22.4.1 Northern Sumatra
22.4.2 Middle Sumatra
22.4.3 Southern Sumatra
22.5 Insight and Strategies of Geoarchaeological Mitigation Evidence in Sumatra
22.5.1 Geoarchaeological Insight and Strategies
22.5.2 Bourdieu’s Insight on Cultural Capital
22.6 Conclusion
References
23 Assessment of Community-Based Risk (CBR) and Indigenous Knowledge on Climate Change Adaptation: An Overview
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Materials and Methods
23.3 Indigenous Knowledge and Community Threat Assessment (CTA) Activities
23.3.1 Community of Fulani Herders in Western Ghana
23.3.2 The Study Area
23.3.3 Data Analysis
23.3.4 Results
23.4 Indigenous Knowledge and Community Threat Assessment (CTA) Activities
23.4.1 Tacana of Bolivia
23.4.2 Conceptual Framework of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)
23.4.3 The Area of Study
23.4.4 Collection and Analyzing of Data
23.4.5 Typical Meteorological Signs
23.4.6 Reports from the Ground and Meteorological Information
23.4.7 Typical Weather Indicators and the Environmental Change
23.5 Conclusion and Recommendations
Appendix
References
24 Indigenous Strategies to Building Climate-Resilient Communities: A Case Study of Majuli Island and Chehni Kothi Village
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Indigenous Communities Around the Globe
24.2.1 Threats to the Indigenous Community
24.3 Indigenous Community in India
24.4 Natural Disaster in India and Their Impact
24.4.1 Community-Led Environmental Movements
24.4.2 Impact and Implications
24.5 Strategy, Agendas, and Global Support
24.5.1 United Nations (UN)
24.5.2 UNESCO
24.5.3 Impact of UNESCO Policies
24.6 Indian Context of Policies on Disaster Administration
24.6.1 Policies Implementation
24.6.2 Action Plan on Climate Change Control
24.7 Communities’ Resilient Strategies
24.7.1 Vernacular Strategies for Climate Change
24.8 Case Study 1 Majuli Island
24.8.1 Introduction
24.8.2 Historical Overview of the Region
24.8.3 Geography of the Region
24.8.4 Climatic Condition of Majuli
24.8.5 Settlement Pattern
24.8.6 Conclusion of Case Study 1
24.9 Case Study 2 Chehni Kothi Village
24.9.1 Introduction
24.9.2 Topography of the Region
24.9.3 Climate
24.9.4 Settlement Pattern
24.9.5 Vernacular Architecture
24.9.6 Climate Responsive Design
24.9.7 Vernacular Strategies
24.9.8 Traditional Construction Techniques
24.9.9 Analyzing the Building Structure
24.9.10 Analysis of the Overall Vernacular Settlement
24.10 Conclusion
References
