In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in Eye Disease is a comprehensive new text that covers the latest advances in the field of in vivo confocal imaging. It presents a detailed overview of the basic anatomy of the different part of the cornea, conjunctiva and adnexal structures. It discusses the use of in vivo confocal microscopy in a range of clinical applications including the diagnosis of infective keratitis, corneal dystrophies, cornea nerves, conjunctival diseases and their differentiating features. Numerous confocal images, clinical pictures, other paraclinical images and histopathology slides of different ocular pathologies are examined and presented throughout the text.
This book systematically reviews the use of confocal imaging in basic science of ocular tissues to the diagnosis of eye disease assembled in a single volume. It provides an up to date resource with an in depth review of scientific literature relating to both the clinical and research application of in vivo confocal microscopy in eye disease. The book ends with a discussion on non-ocular application of in vivo confocal microscopy and future developments including other emerging imaging technologies. This text will provide an invaluable resource for those who are interested in ocular imaging and it represents a timely resource for all practicing and trainee ophthalmologists
Author(s): Golshan Latifi, Scott Hau
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 177
City: London
Contents
Principles of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy
Optical Principles
Types of Confocal Microscopes
Tandem Scanning Confocal Microscope
Slit-Scanning Confocal Microscope
Swept-Field Confocal Microscope
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope (LSCM)
Noncontact Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy
References
Normal Anatomy
Introduction
Precorneal Tear Film
Corneal Anatomy
Epithelium
Bowman’s Layer
Dendritic Cells
Stroma
Cornea Nerves
Descemet’s Membrane
Endothelium
Limbus
References
Inflammation and Keratitis
Introduction
Acute Inflammation
Neutrophils (Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils)
Dendritic Cells
Erythrocytes and Other Inflammatory Cells
Stroma
Endothelium: Keratic Precipitates
Microbial Keratitis
Bacterial Keratitis
Acanthamoeba Keratitis
Fungal Keratitis
Corneal Nerve and Dendritic Cellular Response in Bacterial, Acanthamoeba and Fungal Keratitis
Microsporidia Keratitis
Diagnostic Accuracy of IVCM in Acanthamoeba and Fungal Keratitis
Viral Keratitis
Herpes Simplex Keratitis and Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus
Cytomegalovirus Endotheliitis
References
Corneal Dystrophies
Epithelial and Subepithelial Dystrophies
Epithelial Basement Membrane Dystrophy (EBMD) (OMIM 121820) [1]
Meesmann Corneal Dystrophy (MECD) (OMIM 122100) [1]
Gelatinous Drop-Like Corneal Dystrophy (GDLD) (OMIM 204870) [1]
Epithelial-Stromal TGFBI Dystrophies
Reis-Bucklers Corneal Dystrophy (RBCD) (OMIM 608470) [1]
Thiel-Behnke Corneal Dystrophy (TBCD) (OMIM 602082) [1]
Lattice Corneal Dystrophy, Type 1 (Classic) (LCD1) and Variants (OMIM 122200) [1]
Granular Corneal Dystrophy, Type 1 (Classic) (GCD1) (OMIM 121900) [1]
Stromal Dystrophies
Macular Corneal Dystrophy (MCD) (OMIM 217800) [1]
Schnyder Corneal Dystrophy (SCD) (OMIM 21800) [1]
Congenital Stromal Corneal Dystrophy (CSCD) (OMIM 610048) [1]
Endothelial Dystrophies
Posterior Polymorphous Corneal Dystrophy (PPCD)
Fuchs’ Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy (FECD)
References
Conjunctiva and Limbus
Normal Conjunctiva and Changes with Ageing
Bulbar Conjunctiva
Palpebral Conjunctiva
Conjunctiva in Dry Eye Disease
Normal Corneoscleral Limbus
Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency
Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN)
Pigmented Lesions of the Conjunctiva
Glaucoma and Filtering Bleb
Lid Margin, Palpebral Conjunctiva and Meibomian Glands (MG)
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD)
Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC)
Trachoma
References
Corneal Nerves
Embryology of Corneal Innervation
Origin of Corneal Innervation
Organization of Corneal Innervation
Types of Corneal Nerve Fibers
Normal Human Corneal Innervation
Corneal Nerve Alterations in Contact Lens Wear
Corneal Nerve Alterations Following Corneal Surgery
Refractive Surgery
Penetrating Keratoplasty
Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking
Corneal Nerve Alterations in Ophthalmic Disease
Keratoconus
Dry Eyes
Corneal Neuropathic Pain
Infectious Disease
Other Conditions Associated with Corneal Nerve Alterations
Corneal Nerve Alterations in Systemic Disease
Peripheral Neuropathies
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Inflammatory Neuropathies
Fibromyalgia
Amyloid Neuropathy
Other Peripheral Neuropathies
Central Neurodegenerative Diseases
Summary
References
Other Anterior Segment Applications of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy and Future Developments
Other Quantitative Evaluations of the Cornea
Corneal Endothelial Cell Density
Corneal Thickness Measurement
Corneal Transparency Measurement
Corneal Keratocyte Density Measurement
In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in Iridocorneal-Endothelial Syndrome
Other Anterior Segment Applications of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy
In Vivo Confocal Microscopy of Other Anterior Segment Structures
In Vivo Confocal Microscopy of Skin Lesions
In Vivo Confocal Microscopy of Demodex spp.
Recent Advances and Future Developments of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy
Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy
Optical Coherence Tomography-Guided In Vivo Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy
In Vivo Confocal Laser Scanning Guided-Slit Lamp Microscopy
Multiphoton Microscopy
Subbasal Nerve Plexus (SNP) Mosaicking
Conclusion
References
Index
