Improvements in Bio-Based Building Blocks Production Through Process Intensification and Sustainability Concepts

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Improvements in Bio-Based Building Blocks Production Through Process Intensification and Sustainability Concepts
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Contents
Author biographies
1 Why are bio-based chemical building blocks needed?
1.1 Are bio-based chemical building blocks needed?
1.1.1 Drop-in bio-based chemicals
1.1.2 Novel bio-based chemicals
1.1.3 C6 and C6/C5 Sugar
1.1.3.1 Fermentation products
1.1.3.2 Chemical transformation products
1.1.4 Plant-based oil
1.1.5 Algae oil
1.1.6 Organic solutions
1.1.7 Lignin
1.1.8 Pyrolysis oil
References
2 Process intensification and sustainability
2.1 Process intensification and sustainability in bioblocks
References
3 Basic concepts on simulation of (bio)chemical processes
3.1 (Bio)chemical processes
3.2 Concept of simulation in bioprocesses (chemical)
3.2.1 Simulation categories for biochemical processes
3.2.1.1 Steady-state simulation
3.2.1.2 Dynamic simulation
3.2.2 Process simulation biochemical applications
3.2.2.1 Synthesis and process design biochemicals
3.2.2.2 Operation, control, and safety of processes biochemicals
3.3 Concept of modeling and tools in process biochemicals
3.4 The role of simulation and process modeling biochemicals
3.5 The role of process optimization biochemicals
References
4 Bioethanol
4.1 Bioethanol
4.2 Petrochemical route of ethanol production
4.2.1 Process, raw material, and kinetics
4.2.2 Performance index in the production of ethanol through petrochemical
4.2.3 Disadvantages in the production of ethanol through petrochemical
4.3 Conventional bioethanol production process
4.3.1 Raw material for the production of bioethanol
4.3.2 Production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass
4.3.2.1 Pretreatment
4.3.2.2 Enzymatic hydrolysis
4.3.2.3 Detoxification
4.3.2.4 Fermentation
4.3.2.5 Recovery and purification of bioethanol
4.3.3 Advantages and disadvantages of bioethanol production
4.4 Problems of the process for obtaining conventional bioethanol
4.5 Proposals to intensify the process for obtaining bioethanol
4.5.1 Synthesis
4.5.2 Design
4.5.3 Control
4.6 Conclusions
References
5 Biobutanol
5.1 General characteristics, uses, and applications
5.2 Production of butanol from fossil sources
5.3 Butanol production by the biochemical route
5.3.1 Metabolic pathway of acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation
5.3.2 Conventional raw material to produce butanol
5.3.2.1 First-generation biobutanol
5.3.2.2 Second-generation biobutanol
5.3.2.3 Third- and fourth-generation biobutanol
5.3.2.4 Problems associated with acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation
5.3.3 Isopropanol-butanol-ethanol fermentation
5.4 Process intensification applied to butanol production
5.4.1 Process intensification in the reactive zone
5.4.1.1 Gas stripping
5.4.1.2 Vacuum fermentation
5.4.1.3 Pervaporation
5.4.1.4 Liquid–liquid extraction
5.4.1.5 Adsorption
5.4.2 Process intensification in the downstream process
5.5 Controllability studies applied to intensified alternatives for biobutanol purification
5.6 Conclusions
References
6 Furfural
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Uses of furfural
6.3 Current furfural markets
6.4 Stoichiometric and kinetics models for furfural production
6.5 Current technologies for furfural production
6.6 New intensified proposes for furfural production
6.6.1 Advances in furfural purification
6.6.2 Objective functions
6.6.3 Optimization results
6.6.4 Advances in furfural purification using hybrid extractive distillation schemes
6.7 Conclusions
References
7 Levulinic acid
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Current uses of levulinic acid
7.3 Current levulinic acid markets
7.4 Kinetics models for levulinic acid production
7.5 Current for levulinic acid production
7.6 New intensified proposals for levulinic acid production
7.7 Conclusions
References
8 Ethyl levulinate
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Current applications and markets of ethyl levulinate
8.3 Kinetics models for ethyl levulinate production
8.4 Current technologies for ethyl levulinate production
8.5 Current advances in ethyl levulinate production
8.6 Conclusions
References
9 2,3-Butanediol
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Production of 2,3-BD from fossil and renewable sources
9.2.1 Microorganisms useful in the production of 2,3-BD
9.3 Raw material for 2,3-BD production
9.3.1 Nonrenewable raw materials
9.3.2 Renewable raw materials
9.4 Process intensification (PI) in 2,3-BD production
9.5 PI in 2,3-BD recovery
9.6 Conclusions
References
10 Methyl ethyl ketone
10.1 Introduction
10.2 MEK production
10.2.1 MEK production from nonrenewable sources
10.2.2 MEK production from renewable sources
10.2.2.1 Kinetic equations to methyl ethyl ketone production
10.2.3 Production ok methyl ethyl ketone through process intensified schemes
10.3 Purification of MEK through intensified process
10.4 Conclusion and future insights
References
11 Lactic acid
11.1 Lactic acid
11.1.1 Uses of lactic acid
11.1.2 Market and demand for lactic acid
11.2 Chemical route of lactic acid production
11.2.1 Process, raw material, and reactions
11.2.2 Performance index in lactic acid production via petrochemical
11.2.3 Disadvantages in the production of lactic acid via petrochemical
11.3 Conventional process of production of lactic acid via fermentation of biomass
11.3.1 Raw material for the production of lactic acid via biomass
11.3.2 Lactic acid production via biomass
11.3.2.1 Fermentation route
11.3.2.2 Lactic acid recovery and purification processes
11.3.3 Advantages and disadvantages of lactic acid production via biomass
11.3.4 Problems in the production of lactic acid via biomass
11.4 Proposals for intensification of the process of obtaining lactic acid via biomass
11.4.1 Synthesis and design
11.4.2 Optimization
11.4.2.1 Performance indices
11.4.2.1.1 Economic index
11.4.2.1.2 Environmental index
11.4.2.1.3 Inherent safety index
11.4.2.2 Optimization results
11.5 Conclusions
References
12 Future insights in bio-based chemical building blocks
12.1 Future insights in bio-based chemical building blocks
References
Index
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