While more and more data is shifted from circuit-switched to packet-switched networks, the users of these networks expect a smooth, continuously unproblematic service (unrelated to the amount of data transported). Therefore, the reliability of a network as well as the satisfaction of its users relies largely on Quality of Service (QoS). Service quality through resource management in IP networks will ensure that sufficient resources are available to fulfil the delay of applications and packet loss requirements. This year several books on QoS from the angle of operators/engineers have been published HOWEVER, none of these titles tackle the management side of the problem. This book shows how to determine quality requirements of services, it discusses and considers the various means of allocating network resources and of supervising the service quality. Furthermore, it explores strategies for allocating network resources and their relation to revenue or operator utility as well as service allocation optimization. The book concludes with a Nokia case study that illustrates the previously mentioned concepts. Essential reading for networking professionals wishing to understand service quality management in IP networks, as well as students needing to understand principles and basic techniques of service quality management.
Author(s): Vilho Räisänen
Publisher: Wiley
Year: 2003
Language: English
Pages: 312
Contents......Page 4
1 Drivers for the Adoption of Multi- service Networks......Page 26
1.1 CUSTOMER PERSPECTIVE......Page 27
1.2 NETWORK OPERATOR PERSPECTIVE......Page 29
1.3 SERVICE PROVIDER PERSPECTIVE......Page 31
1.4 SUMMARY......Page 32
2 Service Quality Requirements......Page 34
2.1 SERVICES ON THE INTERNET......Page 37
2.2 DEFINITION OF A SERVICE......Page 41
2.2.1 End user service versus provider- level services......Page 43
2.2.2 About service instances and service events......Page 45
2.2.3 Reference model for this section......Page 47
2.3 SERVICE QUALITY ESTIMATION......Page 48
2.3.1 Measures of end user experienced service quality......Page 49
2.3.2 Recency effect......Page 51
2.3.3 Psychological factors......Page 52
2.4.1 Choice of transport protocols......Page 53
2.4.2 Throughput adaptability of services......Page 54
2.5.1 Service quality characterizations in standards......Page 55
2.5.2 Availability of service......Page 58
2.5.3 Continuity of service......Page 59
2.5.4 Delivery time end- to- end......Page 60
2.5.5 Throughput......Page 63
2.5.6 Support for continuous service data unit transmission......Page 64
2.5.7 Reliability of service delivery......Page 67
2.5.8 Support for variable transfer rate......Page 69
2.5.9 Generic considerations related to service requirements......Page 70
2.6 SERVICE QUALITY DESCRIPTORS......Page 72
2.6.1 Measurement- based determination of traffic profile......Page 74
2.7 SUMMARY......Page 75
3 Network Mechanisms for Multi-service Quality Support......Page 78
3.1 INTRODUCTION TO NETWORK QUALITY SUPPORT......Page 79
3.2 POLICING OF TRAFFIC AT INGRESS......Page 83
3.3 ABOUT LAYERS......Page 86
3.4 TYPES OF NETWORK SUPPORT FOR SERVICE QUALITY......Page 87
3.4.1 Capacity reservation......Page 89
3.4.2 Differentiated treatment......Page 90
3.4.3 Differentiation of service quality instantiation......Page 92
3.4.4 Summary of generic network service quality support mechanisms......Page 93
3.5 SERVICE SUPPORT IN ATM......Page 94
3.5.2 Summary of ATM service support......Page 95
3.6 SERVICE SUPPORT MODELS IN INTERNET PROTOCOL......Page 96
3.6.1 Best effort service model......Page 97
3.6.2 Controlled- load service support......Page 99
3.6.3 Guaranteed QoS support......Page 100
3.6.4 RSVP......Page 101
3.6.5 Statistical QoS: DiffServ model......Page 102
3.6.6 Summary of IP QoS service models......Page 108
3.7 ROUTING IN IP NETWORKS......Page 110
3.7.1 On addressing......Page 111
3.7.2 IP routing protocol- based methods......Page 112
3.7.3 ATM overlays......Page 113
3.7.4 Lower layer tunnels: MPLS......Page 114
3.8 LINK LAYER ISSUES......Page 115
3.8.1 Performance......Page 117
3.8.2 A note on scheduling......Page 118
3.9 SUMMARY......Page 119
4 Traffic Engineering for Multi- service IP Networks......Page 122
4.1 TRAFFIC ENGINEERING......Page 123
4.1.1 Context of traffic engineering......Page 125
4.1.2 The traffic engineering process......Page 127
4.1.3 Obtaining performance data from the network and analysing it......Page 129
4.1.4 Performance enhancement......Page 138
4.1.5 Scope of network optimization......Page 141
4.2 IP ROUTING CONTROL AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERING......Page 142
4.2.1 Optimizing routing based on service quality characteristics......Page 144
4.2.2 Traffic engineering using MPLS......Page 145
4.2.3 Traffic engineering using IP routing protocols......Page 148
4.2.4 Summary......Page 149
4.3 CONFIGURATION......Page 150
4.3.1 Policy- based management......Page 151
4.3.2 Policy- based management of DiffServ......Page 154
4.4 SUMMARY......Page 157
5 Mapping Service Requirements to Network Resources......Page 158
5.1 SCOPE OF THIS CHAPTER......Page 160
5.2.1 Architecture......Page 162
5.2.2 QoS model......Page 165
5.2.3 Summary......Page 166
5.3 QBONE......Page 167
5.3.1 Service support models......Page 168
5.3.2 Summary......Page 169
5.4 3GPP QOS MODEL......Page 170
5.4.1 QoS model......Page 171
5.5 OTHER MODELS......Page 173
5.6 UTILITY- BASED ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES......Page 174
5.7 GENERIC RESOURCE ALLOCATION FRAMEWORK......Page 177
5.7.1 Signalling......Page 179
5.7.2 Mapping of services onto network resources......Page 181
5.7.3 Network quality support configuration for DiffServ......Page 185
5.7.4 End- to- end service quality budgets......Page 188
5.7.5 Optimization of resource allocation......Page 199
5.8 SUMMARY......Page 201
6.1 MODELS FOR SERVICE LEVEL MANAGEMENT......Page 204
6.1.1 Areas of service level management......Page 205
6.1.2 Layers of service level management......Page 206
6.1.3 Models for managed data......Page 208
6.2.1 Interests of the customer......Page 209
6.2.2 Network operator viewpoint......Page 212
6.2.3 Service definition......Page 213
6.2.4 Reporting......Page 215
6.3 SERVICE LEVEL AGREEMENTS......Page 216
6.3.1 SLA and DiffServ......Page 218
6.3.2 SLA contents......Page 221
6.3.3 End user SLAs......Page 222
6.4 END- TO- END SERVICES......Page 223
6.4.1 Assumptions about connection endpoints......Page 225
6.4.2 Assumptions about per- domain service management......Page 229
6.4.3 Requirements for end- to- end service management......Page 231
6.5 SERVICE BROKERS AND CHARGING......Page 232
6.6 SUMMARY......Page 234
7 Measurements......Page 236
7.1 TRAFFIC CHARACTERIZATION......Page 238
7.2 NETWORK MONITORING......Page 241
7.2.1 Troubleshooting measurements for services......Page 242
7.3 TRAFFIC CONTROL......Page 244
7.4 DEFINITION OF MEASURED CHARACTERISTICS......Page 245
7.5.1 Measurement interfaces......Page 247
7.5.2 Measured characteristics......Page 248
7.6.1 Obtaining performance data from network elements......Page 250
7.6.2 Monitoring a link......Page 252
7.6.3 Monitoring a route or node pair......Page 253
7.7.1 Measuring entity......Page 255
7.7.2 Interface to measuring entity......Page 256
7.7.3 Measurement control and analysis function......Page 257
7.8.1 QBone measurement architecture......Page 260
7.8.2 Nokia Research Center measurement architecture demonstrator......Page 266
7.9 SUMMARY......Page 273
8 Mechanisms for Dynamic Service Quality Control......Page 276
8.1 PREVIOUS STUDIES......Page 279
8.1.1 Two- bit DiffServ architecture......Page 280
8.1.2 Bandwidth broker in QBone architecture......Page 281
8.1.3 QoS Agents......Page 286
8.2 GENERIC MODEL......Page 288
8.2.1 Service quality support instantiation control......Page 290
8.2.2 Domain control......Page 293
8.2.3 Inter- domain signalling......Page 296
8.2.4 Link to service admission control......Page 298
8.3 SUMMARY......Page 299
9 Case Study: Service Quality Support in an IP-based Cellular RAN......Page 300
9.1 MOTIVATION FOR USING IP- BASED TRANSPORT IN CELLULAR RAN......Page 301
9.2.1 PLMN transport architecture......Page 304
9.2.2 IP RAN transport architecture......Page 306
9.2.3 Handover traffic......Page 307
9.2.4 Service mapping in IP RAN......Page 308
9.3 TRAFFIC ENGINEERING IN ALL- IP RAN......Page 310
9.3.1 Capacity planning......Page 311
9.3.2 Capacity management......Page 314
9.3.3 Traffic management......Page 316
9.4.1 Policy- based management......Page 317
9.4.2 Measurements......Page 319
9.5 INTER- OPERATION WITH IP- BASED BACKBONES AND ROAMING NETWORKS......Page 320
9.6 SUMMARY......Page 321
10 Summary......Page 323
10.1 IP AS THE CONVERGENCE NETWORK......Page 324
10.2 DIFFSERV......Page 325
10.2.1 Complementary technologies for DiffServ......Page 326
10.3 SERVICE LEVEL MANAGEMENT......Page 327
10.4 TRAFFIC ENGINEERING......Page 328
10.5 POTENTIAL FUTURE DEVELOPMENT DIRECTIONS......Page 329
Index......Page 346
