Comprehensive yet concise and easy to read, this updated edition of Immunology for Medical Students effectively explains complex immunology topics and their relevance in clinical practice. Boasting just the right amount of detail for today's busy medical student, it delivers state-of-the-art coverage of the latest scientific and clinical knowledge in the field. Detailed and explanatory illustrations, combined with clinically relevant examples and cases, offer a unique understanding of the human immune system and its role in protecting us from disease.
Key Features
Designed with a clear focus on the needs of medical students.
Includes overview illustrations at the beginning of each chapter, as well as illustrations with dialogue boxes.
Immunology icons are repeated throughout the text, accompanied by a helpful Icon Key.
Detailed clinical cases demonstrate real-world applications.
Technical boxes point out important scientific advances.
End-of-chapter checklists of learning points facilitate review.
Author(s): Matthew Helbert
Edition: 3rd Edition
Publisher: Elsevier
Year: 2016
Language: English
Commentary: TRUE PDF
Pages: 305
Tags: Immunology
Blank Page......Page 0
Copyright Page......Page 3
■ Preface to the First Edition......Page 4
Acknowledgments......Page 6
How to Use This Book......Page 7
Microorganisms Mentioned in This Book......Page 8
Icons......Page 9
1 Introduction to the Immune System......Page 10
1 Introduction to the Immune System......Page 11
Can You Now …......Page 15
■ Innate Immunity......Page 16
■ Adaptive Immunity......Page 17
■ Types of Immune Response......Page 18
Can You Now…......Page 22
3 Introduction to Antigen Recognition......Page 23
■ Antigen Recognition Molecules......Page 24
■ Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules......Page 25
Can You Now …......Page 26
Types of Antigens......Page 27
Antibody Isolation and Characterization......Page 28
Antibody Structure......Page 29
Selected Features and Biologic Properties of the Immunoglobulin Classes......Page 31
Can You Now…......Page 33
■ Antigen-Binding Sites of Antibodies......Page 34
Lateral Flow Test......Page 35
Flow Cytometry......Page 36
Can You Now….......Page 43
Assembly of Variable Regions by Somatic Recombination......Page 44
Human Heavy Chain......Page 47
Generation of Antibody Diversity......Page 48
Membrane-Bound and Secreted Immunoglobulin......Page 50
Can You Now…......Page 52
The γδ T-Cell Receptor......Page 53
■ Generation of Diversity of the T-Cell Receptor Genes......Page 54
■ Other Accessory Molecules Involved in T-Cell Function......Page 56
Can You Now…......Page 59
■ Regulation of Gene Expression......Page 60
Class I......Page 61
■ Restriction of Antigen Recognition......Page 63
Models of the Major Histocompatibility Complex–Antigen–T-Cell Receptor Complex......Page 64
■ Disease Correlations......Page 65
Can You Now …......Page 67
Antigen Recognition Sites......Page 68
■ Generation of Diversity......Page 69
10 Antigen Processing and Presentation......Page 71
10 Antigen Processing and Presentation......Page 72
Intracellular (Endogenous) Antigens......Page 73
Class I or II Association......Page 74
■ Evasion of Processing Pathways by Pathogens......Page 76
Can You Now …......Page 77
B-Cell Receptor......Page 78
Initiation of B-Cell and T-Cell Activation......Page 79
■ Signaling Events......Page 80
■ Amplification Through Signaling Pathways......Page 81
■ Response......Page 83
Can You Now …......Page 85
■ Three Major Stages of Hematopoiesis......Page 86
T Cells......Page 87
Development......Page 88
Monocytes and Macrophages......Page 89
Dendritic Cells......Page 90
Can You Now …......Page 91
Bone Marrow......Page 92
Thymus......Page 93
Lymph Nodes......Page 94
Skin: The Cutaneous Immune System......Page 95
Lymphocyte Extravasation......Page 97
Synapse Formation......Page 98
Can You Now…......Page 102
Stem Cell to Immature B Cell......Page 103
Additional Tolerance Induction......Page 105
■ Somatic Mutation and Class Switching in Germinal Centers......Page 106
■ Thymus-Independent Antigens......Page 107
■ B1 B Cells and Natural Antibodies......Page 108
Can You Now…......Page 109
■ The Thymus......Page 110
Order of T-Cell Receptor Gene Rearrangements......Page 111
Negative Selection: Establishment of Central Self-Tolerance......Page 112
Peripheral T-Cell Tolerance......Page 114
The γδ T-Cell Subset......Page 115
Can You Now …......Page 119
■ Generation of Stimulated, or Primed, B and T Cells......Page 120
■ Providing the Most Appropriate Immune Response for a Given Pathogen......Page 122
Can You Now…......Page 131
B-Cell Memory......Page 132
T-Cell Memory......Page 133
■ Apoptosis......Page 135
Can You Now …......Page 136
■ Tolerance......Page 137
Activation-Induced Cell Death......Page 138
Regulatory T Cells......Page 139
Can You Now…......Page 142
19 Brief Review of Immune Physiology......Page 143
■ Integrated Immune System: Connections Between Adaptive and Innate Responses......Page 144
20 Constitutive Defenses Including Complement......Page 147
Respiratory Tract......Page 148
■ Extracellular Molecules of the Innate Immune System......Page 149
Interferon......Page 150
Lectin Pathway......Page 151
Amplification Steps......Page 152
Complement Receptors......Page 153
Complement Inhibitors......Page 154
Can You Now …......Page 158
Tissue Macrophages......Page 159
Osteoclasts......Page 160
■ Phagocyte Recruitment......Page 161
Toll-Like Receptors......Page 162
Phagocytosis......Page 163
Proteolytic Enzymes......Page 164
■ Phagocyte Defects......Page 165
■ Molecular Recognition by the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems......Page 166
Can You Now…......Page 170
■ Mast Cells......Page 171
Histamine......Page 172
Arachidonic Acid Metabolites......Page 173
Immediate (Type I) Hypersensitivity......Page 174
Natural Killer Inhibitor Receptors......Page 175
Natural Killer Activating Receptors......Page 176
■ Intracellular Mechanisms of Apoptosis......Page 177
Apoptosis in the Immune System......Page 178
Can You Now…......Page 180
■ Types of Inflammation......Page 181
■ Cytokine Network in Inflammation......Page 182
■ Tuberculosis......Page 183
■ Hepatitis B Infection......Page 185
■ “Overzealous” Inflammation......Page 186
Can You Now…......Page 190
■ Overview......Page 191
■ Cytokine Receptors and Signaling Molecules......Page 192
■ Review of Some of the Roles of Cytokines in Immune Responses......Page 193
Acute Inflammation: Initial Response to Infection......Page 194
End of the Immune Response......Page 195
■ Clinical Uses for Cytokines and Cytokine Blockade......Page 196
Can You Now…......Page 198
25 Infections and Vaccines......Page 199
■ Mechanisms of Immunity......Page 200
Live Vaccines......Page 201
Adjuvants......Page 202
■ Vaccine Schedules......Page 203
Can You Now…......Page 208
Hypersensitivity to Infectious Agents......Page 209
Type I......Page 210
■ Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypersensitivity......Page 211
Can You Now…......Page 214
■ Allergen......Page 215
■ Degranulating Cells......Page 216
■ T-Helper 2 Cells......Page 217
Genetics of Allergy......Page 218
■ Mediators of Early Phase of Allergy......Page 219
Drug Treatments......Page 220
Allergen Immunotherapy......Page 221
Can You Now…......Page 225
■ Some Autoimmunity is Normal......Page 226
■ T-Cell Tolerance......Page 227
■ Breakdown of T-Cell Tolerance......Page 228
Environmental Factors and Loss of Tolerance......Page 229
■ Tests for Autoimmune Disease......Page 230
Can You Now…......Page 239
Red Blood Cell Antigens......Page 240
Autoimmune Hemolysis......Page 242
Graves Disease......Page 243
Can You Now…......Page 246
Innocuous Environmental Antigens......Page 247
■ Clearance of Immune Complexes......Page 248
■ Immune Complex Disease in the Kidney......Page 249
■ Treatment of Immune Complex Disease......Page 250
Can You Now …......Page 253
■ Type IV Hypersensitivity Disease......Page 254
Multiple Sclerosis......Page 255
Treatment of Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions......Page 256
Immunologically Mediated Drug Reactions......Page 257
Review of Hypersensitivity Reactions......Page 258
Can You Now …......Page 260
■ Infections Provide Clues to the Type of Immunodeficiency......Page 261
Polymorphisms and Immunodeficiency......Page 262
Polygenic Disorders......Page 263
■ Screening for Severe Combined Immune Deficiency......Page 264
■ Diagnosis of Primary Immunodeficiency......Page 265
Gene Therapy......Page 266
Can You Now…......Page 270
Entry of HIV Into Host Cells......Page 271
Antibody Response......Page 272
Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Response......Page 273
Factors That Affect Outcome......Page 274
■ Other Secondary Immunodeficiencies......Page 275
Drugs......Page 276
Infections......Page 277
Can You Now…......Page 278
When Transplantation Is Indicated......Page 279
Acute Rejection......Page 280
■ Stem Cell Transplantation......Page 281
Human Leukocyte Antigen Typing......Page 282
■ Immunosuppressive Drugs......Page 284
■ Xenotransplantation......Page 285
Can You Now …......Page 288
Pathogens......Page 289
Diagnosing Lymphoid Malignancy......Page 290
Tumor Antigens......Page 291
Evasion of the Immune Response by Tumors......Page 292
Passive Cancer Immunotherapy......Page 293
Active Cancer Immunotherapy......Page 294
Can You Now…......Page 298
36 Biopharmaceuticals......Page 299
Monoclonal Antibody Technologies......Page 300
Some Successes and Failures in Monoclonal Antibody Therapy......Page 302
■ Recombinant Cytokines......Page 303
Can You Now…......Page 305
