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Imaging Atlas of Ophthalmic Tumors and Diseases

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This atlas describes an array of tumors and diseases that affect the orbit and associated cranial nerves. Often lacking in radiology residency and fellowship training is teaching of the anatomy of the orbit and cranial nerves, as well as the imaging appearance of orbital tumors and diseases that affect these regions. This atlas fills this gap of knowledge with tumors and diseases encountered and treated at MD Anderson Cancer Center, providing a review of the imaging anatomy and the appearance of the tumors and diseases that should aid in formatting a differential diagnosis.

 

The text consists of ten chapters divided into separate anatomic sections followed by an eleventh chapter describing the treated orbit and tumor recurrence. Each of the first ten chapters begins with a description of the relevant anatomy, labeled CT and MRI images and drawings to highlight important anatomic considerations.

 

This is an ideal guide for practicing general radiologists, neuroradiologists and trainees, as well as ophthalmologists, head and neck surgeons, neurosurgeons, medical and radiation oncologists, and pathologists who interpret or review orbital images as part of their daily practice. 

Author(s): J. Matthew Debnam
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023

Language: English
Pages: 392
City: Cham

Preface
Contents
Editor and Contributors
Editor
Contributors
1: Periorbital Skin and Eyelids
Anatomy of the Supraorbital and Infraorbital Foramen and Perineural Tumor Spread
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Melanoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
MRI
Nuclear Medicine
Key Points
Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Nuclear Medicine
Key Points
Sebaceous Carcinoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
Key Points
Liposarcoma
Background
Presentation
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Fibrosarcoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Leiomyosarcoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Angiosarcoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Desmoid Tumor
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Cutaneous Lymphoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Metastasis
Background
Presentation
Imaging
PET
Key Points
Neurofibroma
Background
Presentation
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Lipoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Amyloidosis
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Xanthogranuloma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Infection
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
References
2: Globe
Anatomy of the Globe
Retinoblastoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Medulloepithelioma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Nevus
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT and MRI
Key Points
Angioma (Hemangioblastoma)
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Choroidal Hemangioma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Primary Intraocular Lymphoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Metastasis
Background
Presentation
Imaging
MRI
PET
Key Points
Melanoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Melanocytoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Retinal Astrocytoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Leukemia
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Choroidal Osteoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Retinal and Choroidal Detachment
Background
Retinal Detachment
Choroidal Detachment
Presentation
Imaging
Retinal Detachment
Choroidal Detachment
CT and MRI
Key Points
Phthisis Bulbi
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Ocular Lens Displacement
Background
Presentation
Imaging
Key Points
Scleritis
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Drusen
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Senile Calcification
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
Key Points
References
3: Lacrimal Gland and Nasolacrimal Drainage Apparatus
Anatomy
Lacrimal Gland Lesions
Pleomorphic Adenoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Oncocytic Neoplasms
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET/CT
Key Points
Adenocarcinoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
MRI
Key Points
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
MRI
Key Points
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Lymphoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Solitary Fibrous Tumor
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Idiopathic Orbital Inflammation
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Sarcoidosis
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Nuclear Medicine
Key Points
Sjögren’s Syndrome
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Xanthogranuloma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Lacrimal Gland Prolapse
Background
Presentation
Imaging
Key Points
Benign Lymphoid Hyperplasia
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Dacryops
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Dermolipoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
Dacryoadenitis
Background
Presentation
Imaging
Lacrimal Sac Lesions
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET/CT
Key Points
Lymphoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET/CT
Key Points
Melanoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET/CT
Key Points
Dacryocystitis
Background
Presentation
Imaging
Key Points
References
4: Orbit
Anatomy
Lymphoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Leukemia
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Schwannoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Solitary Fibrous Tumor
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Liposarcoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Orbital Metastases
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Graves’ Eye Disease
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Idiopathic Orbital Inflammation
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Sarcoidosis
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Nuclear Medicine
Key Points
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
Background
Presentation
Imaging
MRI
Amyloidosis
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Erdheim–Chester Disease
Background
Presentation
Imaging
MRI
Key Points
Infection
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Venous Malformation
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Venolymphatic Malformation
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Varix
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Arteriovenous Malformation
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Superior Ophthalmic Vein Thrombosis
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT/MRI
Key Points
References
5: Skull Base and Bone
Anatomy
Anterior Skull Base
Central Skull Base
Posterior Skull Base
Meningioma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Surgical Key Points
Osteosarcoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Surgical Key Points
Chondrosarcoma (CSA)
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Surgical Key Points
Ewing Sarcoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Fibrosarcoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Surgical Key Points
Plasmacytoma/Multiple Myeloma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Surgical Key Points
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Metastases
Background
Presentation
Imaging
MRI
PET
Surgical Key Points
Chordoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Surgical Key Points
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Surgical Key Points
Primary Skull Base lymphoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Developmental Cysts
Background
Presentation
CT
MRI
Surgical Key Points
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Fibrous Dysplasia
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Surgical Key Points
Osteoma
Background
Presentation
CT
MRI
References
6: Sinonasal
Anatomy
Sinonasal Papillomas
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Juvenile Nasal Angiofibroma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET/CT
Key Points
Adenocarcinoma
Background
Presentation
CT
MRI
PET
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
MRI
PET
Key Points
Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Olfactory Neuroblastoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Melanoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Lymphoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Background
Presentation
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Spindle Cell Carcinoma
Background
Presentation
Schwannoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Vascular Malformations
Background
Imaging, Vascular Malformations
Key Points
Pleomorphic Adenoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
MRI
Key Points
Meningioma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET/CT
Key Points
Respiratory Epithelial Adenomatoid Hamartoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Rosai–Dorfman Disease
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET/CT
Key Points
Cholesterol Granuloma
Background
Presentation
CT
MRI
Key Points
Mucocele
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Invasive Fungal Sinusitis
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Pott’s Puffy Tumor
Background
Presentation
CT
MRI
Key Points
References
7: Pituitary Gland
Anatomy of the Pituitary Gland
Pituitary Adenoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Surgical Key Points
Craniopharyngioma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
Key Points
Surgical Key Points
Pituitary Carcinoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
Surgical Key Points
Lymphoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
MRI
PET
Surgical Key Points
Pituitary Metastases
Background
Presentation
Imaging
Surgical Key Points
Rathke Cleft Cyst
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Surgical Key Points
Arachnoid Cyst
Background
Presentation
Imaging
MRI
Surgical Key Points
Developmental Cysts
Background
Presentation
CT
MRI
Surgical Key Points
Pituitary Apoplexy
Background
Presentation
MRI
Surgical Key Points
Hypophysitis
Background
Presentation
Imaging
MRI
Histiocytoses
Background
Presentation
MRI
PET
Sellar Aneurysm
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Surgical Key Points
References
8: Cavernous Sinus
Cavernous Sinus Anatomy
Meningioma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points for Surgery
Schwannoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
MRI
Key Points for Surgery
Solitary Fibrous Tumor
Background
Presentation
Imaging
MRI
Key Points
Key Points for Surgery
Lymphoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
MRI
PET
Key Points
Metastases
Background
Imaging
Key Points
Key Points for Surgery
IgG4-Related Disease
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Idiopathic Orbital Inflammation
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Histiocytoses
Background
Presentation
MRI
PET
Arachnoid Cysts
Background
Presentation
Imaging
Key Points for Surgery
Fungal Infection
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Key Points for Surgery
Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome
Background
Presentation
Imaging
MRI
Thrombosis
Background
Presentation
Imaging
MRI
Key Points
Venous Malformation
Background
Presentation
Imaging
MRI
Key Points
Key Points for Surgery
Arteriovenous Malformations
Background
Presentation
Imaging
Key Points
Carotid Cavernous Fistula (CCF)
Background
Presentation
Imaging
Key Points
Key Points for Surgery
Internal Carotid Artery (ICA) Aneurysm
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Key Points for Surgery
References
9: Retrochiasmatic Optic Pathway
Anatomy of the Retrochiasmatic Visual Pathway
Primary Brain Tumors
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Hypothalamic Glioma
Background
Presentation
MRI
Metastases
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Nuclear Medicine
Lymphoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Histiocytoses
Background
Presentation
Imaging
MRI
PET
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Background
Presentation
Imaging
Cerebral Infarction
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Multiple Sclerosis
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome
Background
Presentation
Imaging
Neurosarcoidosis
Background
Presentation
Imaging
MRI
Nuclear Medicine
Cephalocele
Background
Presentation
Imaging
Intracranial Aneurysm
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
References
10: Cranial Nerves II–VI
Orbital Cranial Nerve Anatomy
CN II (Optic Nerve)
CN III (Oculomotor Nerve)
CN IV (Trochlear Nerve)
CN V (Trigeminal Nerve)
CN VI (Abducens Nerve)
Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET/CT
Key Points
Optic Nerve Glioma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
Optic Neuritis
Background
Presentation
Imaging
MRI
Key Points
Nerve Sheath Tumors
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
Perineural Tumor Spread
Background
Presentation
Imaging
MRI
Key Points
Leptomeningeal Disease
Background
Presentation
Imaging
Key Points
Idiopathic Orbital Inflammation (IOI)
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
Key Points
IgG4-Related Disease
Background
Presentation
Imaging
CT
MRI
PET
Key Points
References
11: Treated Orbit
Evisceration and Enucleation
Key Points
Exenteration
Key Points
Fasciocutaneous and Myocutaneous Flap Reconstruction
Key Points
Orbital Prosthesis
Key Points
Reconstruction
Key Points
Brain Radiation Necrosis
Key Points
Osteoradionecrosis
Key Points
Carcinoma Ex-Pleomorphic Adenoma
Background
Presentation
Imaging
MRI
Key Points
Recurrent Tumor
Key Points
Radiation-Associated Sarcomas (RAS)
Key Points
Dacryocystocele
Key Points
Cephalocele
Key Points
Scleral Buckle
Key Points
Vitrectomy
Key Points
Weighted Eyelid Implants
Key Points
Graves’ Eye Disease Decompression
Key Points
References
Index