Table of Contents
......Page 4
Study Tips......Page 19
Testing Tips......Page 22
Skill 1.1 Recognize the assumptions, processes, purposes, requirements, and tools of scientific inquiry.......Page 23
Skill 1.2 Use evidence and logic in developing proposed explanations that address scientific questions and hypotheses......Page 26
Skill 1.3 Identify various approaches to conducting scientific investigations and their applications......Page 27
Skill 1.4 Use tools and mathematical and statistical methods for collecting, managing, analyzing (e.g., average, curve fit, error determination), and communicating results of investigations.......Page 30
Skill 1.5 Demonstrate knowledge of ways to report, display, and defend the results of an investigation......Page 31
Skill 2.3 Apply a technological design process to a given problem situation......Page 32
Skill 2.5 Evaluate various solutions to a design problem......Page 33
Skill 3.1 Demonstrate an understanding of the nature of science (e.g., tentative, replicable, historical, empirical) and recognize how scientific knowledge and explanations change over time......Page 34
Skill 3.2 Compare scientific hypotheses, predictions, laws, theories, and principles and recognize how they are developed and tested......Page 35
Skill 3.4 Recognize the basis for and application of safety practices and regulations in the study of science......Page 37
Skill 4.1 Recognize the historical and contemporary development of major scientific ideas and technological innovations.......Page 40
Skill 4.2 Demonstrate an understanding of the ways that science and technology affect people's everyday lives, societal values and systems, the environment, and new knowledge......Page 47
Skill 4.4 Analyze issues related to science and technology at the local, state, national, and global levels (e.g., environmental policies, genetic research......Page 48
Skill 4.5 Evaluate the credibility of scientific claims made in various forums (e.g., the media, public debates, advertising......Page 56
Skill 5.1 Identify the major unifying concepts of the sciences (e.g., systems, order, and organization; constancy, change, and measurement) and their applications in real-life situations......Page 57
Skill 5.3 Apply fundamental mathematical language, knowledge, and skills at the level of algebra and statistics in scientific contexts.......Page 58
Skill 5.4 Recognize the fundamental relationships among the natural sciences and the social sciences.......Page 62
Skill 6.1 Compare and contrast the structures of viruses and prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells......Page 63
Skill 6.2 Identify the structures and functions of cellular organelles.......Page 65
Skill 6.3 Describe the processes of the cell cycle......Page 68
Skill 6.4 Explain the functions and applications of the instruments and technologies used to study the life sciences at the molecular and cellular levels......Page 73
Skill 7.2 Analyze the transmission of genetic information (e.g., Punnett squares, sex-linked traits, pedigree analysis)......Page 74
Skill 7.3 Analyze the processes of change at the microscopic and macroscopic levels......Page 77
Skill 7.4 Identify scientific evidence from various sources, such as the fossil record, comparative anatomy, and biochemical similarities, to demonstrate knowledge of theories about processes of biological evolution......Page 78
Skill 8.2 Analyze the strategies and adaptations used by organisms to obtain the basic requirements of life.......Page 81
Skill 8.4 Demonstrate an understanding of the human as a living organism with life functions comparable to those of other life forms......Page 83
Skill 9.3 Analyze factors (e.g., ecological, behavioral) that influence interrelationships among organisms......Page 85
Skill 9.5 Recognize the dynamic nature of the environment, including how communities, ecosystems, and ecoregions change overtime......Page 87
Skill 9.6 Analyze interactions of humans with their environment......Page 88
Skill 9.7 Explain the functions and applications of the instruments and technologies used to study the life sciences at the organism and ecosystem level......Page 89
Skill 10.1 Describe the characteristics of and relationships among thermal, acoustical, radiant, electrical, chemical, mechanical, and nuclear energies through conceptual questions......Page 90
Skill 10.2 Analyze the processes by which energy is exchanged or transformed through conceptual questions......Page 93
Skill 10.3 Apply the three laws of thermodynamics to explain energy transformations, including basic algebraic problem solving......Page 95
Skill 10.4 Apply the principle of conservation as it applies to energy through conceptual questions and solving basic algebraic problems......Page 96
Skill 11.2 Analyze the properties of materials in relation to their chemical or physical structures (e.g., periodic table trends, relationships, and properties) and evaluate uses of the materials based on their properties......Page 97
Skill 11.3 Apply the principle of conservation as it applies to mass and charge through conceptual questions......Page 100
Skill 11.4 Analyze bonding and chemical, atomic, and nuclear reactions (including endothermic and exothermic reactions) in natural and man-made systems and apply basic stoichiometric principles......Page 101
Skill 11.6 Explain the functions and applications of the instruments and technologies used to study matter and energy......Page 102
Skill 12.1 Demonstrate an understanding of the concepts and interrelationships of position, time, velocity, and acceleration through conceptual questions, algebra-based kinematics, and graphical analysis......Page 103
Skill 12.2 Demonstrate an understanding of the concepts and interrelationships of force (including gravity and friction), inertia, work, power, energy, and momentum......Page 105
Skill 12.3 Describe and predict the motions of bodies in one and two dimensions in inertial and accelerated frames of reference in a physical system, including projectile motion but excluding circular motion......Page 107
Skill 12.4 Analyze and predict motions and interactions of bodies involving forces within the context of conservation of energy and/or momentum through conceptual questions and algebra based problem solving......Page 108
Skill 12.5 Describe the effects of gravitational and nuclear forces in real lifesituations through conceptual questions......Page 110
Skill 12.6 Explain the functions and applications of the instruments and technologies used to study force and motion in everyday life......Page 111
Skill 13.1 Recognize the nature and properties of electricity and magnetism, including static charge, moving charge, basic RC circuits, fields, conductors, and insulators......Page 112
Skill 13.2 Recognize the nature and properties of mechanical and electromagnetic waves (e.g., frequency, source, medium, spectrum, wave-particle duality)......Page 114
Skill 13.3 Describe the effects and applications of electromagnetic forces in real-life situations, including electric power generation, circuit breakers, and brownouts......Page 115
Skill 13.4 Analyze and predict the behavior of mechanical and electromagnetic waves under varying physical conditions, including basic optics, color, ray diagrams, and shadows......Page 116
Skill 14.1 Identify the structure and composition of Earth’s land, water, and atmospheric systems and how they affect weather, erosion, fresh water, and soil.......Page 119
Skill 14.2 Recognize the scope of geologic time and the continuing physical changes of Earth through time......Page 120
Skill 14.3 Evaluate scientific theories about Earth’s origin and history and how these theories explain contemporary living systems......Page 121
Skill 14.4 Recognize the interrelationships between living organisms and Earth's resources and evaluate the uses of Earth's resources......Page 123
Skill 15.1 Analyze and explain large-scale dynamic forces, events, and processes that affect Earth’s land, water, and atmospheric systems, including conceptual questions about plate tectonics, El Nino, drought, and climatic shifts......Page 125
Skill 15.2 Identify and explain Earth processes and cycles and cite examples in real-life situations, including conceptual questions on rock cycles, volcanism, and plate tectonics......Page 126
Skill 15.3 Analyze the transfer of energy within and among Earth’s land, water, and atmospheric systems, including the identification of energy sources of volcanoes, hurricanes, thunderstorms, and tornadoes......Page 130
Skill 15.4 Explain the functions and applications of the instruments and technologies used to study the earth sciences, including seismographs, barometers, and satellite systems......Page 131
Skill 16.1 Describe and explain the relative and apparent motions of the sun, the moon, stars, and planets in the sky......Page 132
Skill 16.2 Recognize properties of objects (e.g., comets, asteroids) within the solar system and their dynamic interactions......Page 133
Skill 16.3 Recognize the types, properties, and dynamics of objects external to the solar system (e.g., black holes, supernovas, galaxies).......Page 134
Skill 17.2 Analyze evidence relating to the origin and physical evolution of the universe (e.g., microwave background radiation, expansion).......Page 135
Skill 17.3 Compare the physical and chemical processes involved in the life cycles of objects within galaxies......Page 136
Skill 17.4 Explain the functions and applications of the instruments, technologies, and tools used in the study of the space sciences, including the relative advantages and disadvantages of Earth-based versus space-based instruments and optical versus nonoptical instruments......Page 138
Skill 18.1 Demonstrate knowledge of the safe and proper use of equipment and materials commonly used in physics classrooms and laboratories......Page 139
Skill 18.2 Design appropriate laboratory investigations to study the principles and applications of physics......Page 141
Skill 18.3 Demonstrate knowledge of the uses of basic equipment to illustrate physical principles and phenomena.......Page 142
Skill 18.4 Use mathematical concepts, strategies, and procedures, including graphical and statistical methods and differential and integral calculus, to derive and manipulate formal relationships between physical quantities......Page 144
Skill 18.5 Demonstrate an understanding of the growth of physics knowledge from a historical perspective......Page 147
Skill 19.1 Analyze the relationship between vectors and physical quantities and perform a variety of vector algebra operations.......Page 151
Skill 19.2 Use algebra and calculus methods to determine the rectilinear displacement, velocity, and acceleration of particles and rigid bodies, given initial conditions......Page 154
Skill 19.3 Use algebra and calculus methods to determine angular displacement, velocity, and acceleration of rigid bodies in a plane, given initial conditions......Page 156
Skill 19.4 Use algebra and calculus methods to determine the displacement, velocity, and acceleration of particles and rigid bodies undergoing periodic motion, given initial conditions......Page 159
Skill 19.5 Analyze and solve problems involving the relationships of linear and angular displacement, velocity and acceleration......Page 160
Skill 19.6 Analyze and solve problems involving periodic motion and uniform circular motion......Page 163
Skill 20.1 Apply Newton’s laws of motion to analyze and solve problems involving translational, rotational, and periodic motion......Page 164
Skill 20.2 Apply the law of universal gravitation to solve problems involving free fall, projectile motion, and planetary motion......Page 165
Skill 20.3 Analyze and solve problems involving the relationships between linear quantities and their rotational analogues......Page 166
Skill 20.4 Solve problems involving the conservation of linear and angular momentum......Page 168
Skill 20.5 Use the relationship between work and energy, in algebraic and calculus forms, to solve problems involving the motions of physical systems acted upon by conservative and nonconservative forces......Page 169
Skill 21.1 Apply the relationships among wave speed, wave length, period,and frequency to analyze and solve problems related to wave propagation......Page 171
Skill 21.2 Analyze the interference and reflection of waves and wave pulses.......Page 173
Skill 21.3 Describe and analyze the nature, production and transmission of sound waves in various uniform media.......Page 174
Skill 21.4 Describe how the perception of sound depends on the physical properties of sound waves......Page 176
Skill 22.2 Analyze and predict the behavior of various types of electromagnetic radiation as they interact with matter......Page 178
Skill 22.3 Analyze and predict the behaviors of light, including interference, reflection, diffraction, polarization, and refraction.......Page 181
Skill 22.4 Use ray diagrams to analyze systems of lenses and mirrors......Page 186
Skill 23.1 Apply basic concepts of heat and temperature as they relate to temperature measurement and temperature-dependent properties of matter......Page 189
Skill 23.2 Apply the laws of thermodynamics to problems involving temperature, work, heat, energy, and entropy......Page 190
Skill 23.3 Demonstrate knowledge of the kinetic-molecular theory and apply it to describe thermal properties and behaviors of solids, liquids and gases......Page 193
Skill 23.4 Analyze and solve problems involving energy, temperature, heat, and changes of state......Page 194
Skill 24.1 Predict the interactions between electric charges......Page 199
Skill 24.2 Interpret electric field diagrams and predict the influence of electric fields on electric charges......Page 201
Skill 24.3 Determine the electric potential due to a charge distribution and calculate the work involved in moving a point charge through a potential difference......Page 202
Skill 24.4 Determine the electric field due to a charge distribution and calculate the force on a point charge located in that electric field.......Page 205
Skill 24.5 Describe the flow of charge through different media and interpret circuit diagrams......Page 207
Skill 24.6 Analyze AC and DC circuits composed of basic circuit elements......Page 209
Skill 25.1 Analyze the motion of a charged particle in a magnetic field and determine the force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field......Page 213
Skill 25.2 Analyze the characteristics of magnetic fields produced by straight and coiled current-carrying conductors......Page 217
Skill 25.3 Describe and analyze the processes of electromagnetic induction......Page 219
Skill 25.4 Demonstrate an understanding of the operating principles of electric generators, motors and transformers......Page 220
Skill 25.5 Identify applications of magnets and magnetic fields in technology and daily living.......Page 222
Skill 26.1 Demonstrate knowledge of a quantum model of atomic structure (e.g., the Bohr model), including the relationship between changes in electron energy levels and atomic spectra......Page 224
Skill 26.2 Describe types, properties, and applications of radioactivity and the effects of radioactivity on living organisms......Page 226
Skill 26.3 Balance particle equations and solve radioactive decay problems involving half-life, energy, mass and charge......Page 227
Skill 26.4 Describe the quantum mechanical nature of the interaction between radiation and matter......Page 230
Skill 26.5 Describe the wave-particle duality of radiation and matter.......Page 231
Skill 26.6 Describe the quantum mechanical electron properties of conductors, semiconductors, and insulators......Page 232
Skill 26.7 Apply the concepts of special relativity as they relate to time, space and mass......Page 234
Sample Test......Page 237
Answer Key......Page 252
Rationales with Sample Questions......Page 253
