Bethesda: ICRU, 1993, 298 c.
This report contains stopping-power and range tables for protons and alpha particles. The tables include data for 73 materials, and cover the energy region from 1 keV to 10000 MeV for protons, and to 1000 MeV for alpha particles (4He ions). The main tables contain collision (electronic), nuclear, and total stopping powers; Continues Slowing Down Approximation (CSDA) ranges; and detour factors (ratios of average penetration depths to CSDA ranges). Additional tables contain, for twenty materials, collision stopping powers and CSDA ranges for negatively charged pions. At low energies (below approximately 0.5 MeV for protons and 2 MeV for alpha particles) the tabulated collision stopping powers are based on experimental data; at high energies they are based on Bethe’s stopping power theory with semi-empirical mean excitation energies and shell corrections, and with corrections for departures from the first Born approximation. Also included in the report is a survey of the many experimental methods that have been used for measuring charged-particle stopping powers, with brief descriptions of the procedures and indications of their advantages and disadvantages.
Contents
Electronic (Collision) Stopping Powers from Bethe’s Theory.
Stopping-Power Formula.
Bloch Correction.
Barkas Correction.
Shell Corrections.
Mean Excitation Energies.
Density-Effect Correction.
Electronic (Collision) Stopping Powers in the Low-Energy.
Region.
Available Experimental and Theoretical Information.
Chemical-Binding and Phase Effects.
Input Data Used for Protons.
Input Data Used for Alpha Particles.
Merging of Theoretical and Experimental Stopping Power Curves.
Nuclear Stopping Powers.
Screened Coulomb Potential.
Elastic-Scattering Cross Section.
Scaled Nuclear Stopping Powers.
Angle-Restricted Nuclear Stopping Powers.
Comparison of Tabulated and Experimental Stopping Powers.
Comparisons for Protons.
Comparisons for Alpha Particles.
Energy-Loss Straggling.
Energy-Loss Straggling in Long Track Sections.
Energy-Loss Straggling in Moderately Short Track Sections.
Energy-Loss Straggling in Very Short Track Sections.
Ranges and Detour Factors.
CSDA Ranges.
Range Straggling.
Detour Factors.
Stopping-Power and Range Tables.
Tables for Negatively-Charged Pions.
Main Tables for Protons and Alpha Particles.
Description of Methods for Stopping-Power Measurements.
Interposition of Foil or Gas in Primary or Scattered Beams.
Shift in Energy of Elastically-Scattered Particles.
Use of the Intensity of Elastic Scattering from a Thick Target.
Thermometric-Compensation Technique at Liquid-He Temperatures.
Use of a Differentially-Pumped Gas Cell.
Inverted-Doppler-Shift-Attenuation (IDSA) Method.
Use of Nuclear Reaction Resonance to Measure Particle Energy.
Time-of-Flight Technique.
High-Energy Stopping-Power Measurements.
Linear Accelerators.
[b]Main Proton Tables.
Main Alpha Particle Tables.
