Annals of ICRP v. 34 No. 3-4, Elsiver, 2004. 279 p.
In the present report, ICRP provides information on radiation doses to the infant due to intakes of radionuclides in maternal milk. As in Publication 88 on doses to the embryo and fetus following intakes of radionuclides by the mother, intakes by female members of the public and female workers are addressed. Acute and chronic intakes are considered at various times before and during pregnancy as well as during the period of breastfeeding. Dose coefficients per unit intake by the mother (Sv/Bq) are given for the selected radionuclides of the same 31 elements for which age-specific biokinetic models were given in Publications 56, 67, 69, and
71. For these elements, doses were calculated for the most radiologically significant natural or artificial radionuclides that might be released into the environment due to various human activities. Dose coefficients are also given in this report for radionuclides of an additional four elements: sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium.
Relevant human and animal data on elemental and radionuclide transfer to milk are reviewed. The biokinetic models for adults given in earlier ICRP publications are adapted to include transfer to milk. Model predictions of fractional transfer of ingested or inhaled activity to milk are discussed in the report, and the corresponding dose coefficients for the infant are compared with dose coefficients for in utero exposure, as given in Publication
88. Illustrative information is also given on doses to the female breast from radionuclides in breast milk, and external doses received by the child from radionuclides retained in the tissues of the mother. For the additional elements considered in this report, but not in Publication 88, information is also given on doses to the embryo and fetus following maternal intakes of radioisotopes during or before pregnancy.
ABSTRACT
GUEST EDITORIAL
PREFACE
GLOSSARY
INTRODUCTION
Background
Pregnancy
Lactation
Maternal intakes of radionuclides by ingestion or inhalation
Intakes by the infant of radionuclides in breast milk
Dose coefficients
BREAST MILK
MODEL DEVELOPMENT AND DOSE CALCULATIONS
Introduction
Intakes by the mother
Models for lactation
Treatment of decay products
Dose coefficients for breastfeeding infants
Dose to breast from activity secreted in milk
Infant doses from radionuclides in the mother's body
Dose coefficients for the embryo and fetus additional to those in Publication 88
DISCUSSION
Introduction
Transfer of radionuclides to milk
Dose coefficients
Conclusions
BIOKINETIC DATA AND MODELS
Hydrogen
Carbon
Sodium
Magnesium
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Potassium
Calcium
Iron
Cobalt
Nickel
Zinc
Selenium
Strontium
Zirconium
Niobium
Molybdenum
Technetium
Ruthenium
Silver
Antimony
Tellurium
Iodine
Caesium
Barium
Cerium
Lead
Polonium
Radium
Thorium
Uranium
Neptunium
Plutonium
Americium
Curium
ANNEXES
DOSE COEFFICIENTS FOR OFFSPRING OF FEMALE WORKERS
BREAST DOSES FROM RADIONUCLIDES IN MILK
INFANT DOSES FROM RADIONUCLIDES IN THE MOTHER
DOSE COEFFICIENTS FOR THE EMBRYO/FETUS: RADIOISOTOPES OF SODIUM, MAGNESIUM, PHOSPHORUS, AND POTASSIUM
REFERENCES
Erratum to ICRP-95 in Ann ICRP v36 No 1-2, 2006.
