This book analyzes various properties and structures of ice from the point of view to solve problems in civil aviation. The Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, together with large territories of Siberia and the Far East, is a zone, that is insufficiently provided with ground navigation facilities, as well as platforms and airfields for landing aircraft, including in the event of unpredictable situations. However, most of this area, especially in winter, is covered with ice, which can be used to solve this problem. The possibility of using ice sheets for the construction of airfields or the location of ground-based flight support facilities requires careful study and analysis. This book is devoted to the study of the properties and structure of ice, with a view for use in civil aviation to construct ice airfields and the placement of ground-based flight support facilities.
Author(s): Anatoly Ivanovich Kozlov, Alexander Ivanovich Logvin, Oksana Gennadyevna Feoktistova, Dmitry Alexandrovich Zatuchny, Yuri Grigoryevich Shatrakov
Series: Springer Aerospace Technology
Edition: 1st ed. 2023
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 128
City: Singapore
Introduction
Contents
Abbreviations
1 Modern Methods of Remote Exploration of Sea Ice for the Construction of Ice Airfields and the Location of Ground-Based Flight Support Facilities
1.1 Tasks and General Principles of Application of Remote Methods of Studying the Environment for Solving Problems of Civil Aviation
1.2 Acoustic Methods
1.3 Optical Methods
1.4 Active Radar Methods
1.5 Passive Radar (Radiometric) Methods
1.6 The Method of Integration of Active and Passive Radar Sensing Means in Order to Use the Underlying Surface to Ensure Aircraft Flights
References
2 Structure and Composition of the Sea Ice Cover
2.1 Types of Sea Ice and Nomenclature of Ice Terms of the World Meteorological Organization. The Possibility of Using Different Types of Ice Sheets to Support Aircraft Flights
2.1.1 Formation and Development of the Ice Cover. Initial Ice Forms
2.1.2 Annual Ice
2.1.3 Two-Year and Long-Term Ice
2.1.4 Channels and Dilutions, Wormwoods
2.1.5 Ice Drifting Islands and Icebergs
2.2 Structure of the Sea Ice Cover and Dynamic Processes, Occurring in It
2.2.1 Forms of Spatial Structure and Geometric Characteristics of the Ice Cover
2.2.2 Cohesion and Fragmentation
2.2.3 Distribution of Ice Thickness
2.2.4 Hummockiness
2.2.5 Characteristics of Ice Drift and Compression
References
3 Physical Properties of Ice, Used to Solve Problems of Civil Aviation
3.1 Atomic-Molecular Structure of Ice and Phase Diagram of Sea Ice
3.1.1 Crystallographic Structure of Ice
3.1.2 Dynamics and Disruption of the Structure of the Crystal Lattice of Ice
3.1.3 Sea Ice Phase Diagram
3.2 Structural and Genetic Classification of Ice
3.2.1 Classification of Ice of Natural Reservoirs by N.V. Cherepanov. Possibility of Use for Aviation
3.2.2 General Classification of Ice, Proposed by the Ice Committee of the International Association for Hydraulic Research
3.3 The Main Characteristics of the Physical State of Sea Ice and Their Seasonal Variability
3.3.1 Ice Temperature
3.3.2 Salinity
3.3.3 Density
3.3.4 Relative Content of Gas and Brine in Sea Ice Samples
3.4 Thermophysical Properties
3.4.1 Thermal Deformation of Ice
3.4.2 Thermal Conductivity and Temperature Conductivity
3.4.3 Heat of Melting and Specific Heat of Sublimation
3.4.4 Heat Capacity
3.4.5 Volumetric Diffusion, Condensation, and Evaporation
3.5 Mechanical Properties
3.5.1 Elasticity and Internal Friction of Ice
3.5.2 Plasticity of Ice
3.5.3 Ice Strength. General Provisions, Terminology, Definitions, Brief Information About Experimental Studies
3.6 Seismoacoustic Properties of Ice, Used to Solve Problems of Civil Aviation
3.6.1 Types of Elastic Waves in Ice Sheets and Characteristics of Their Propagation
3.6.2 Spectra of Natural Oscillations
3.7 Electrical Properties of Ice, Used to Solve Problems of Civil Aviation
3.7.1 Speed of Electromagnetic Waves, Characteristics of Their Absorption and Reflection
3.7.2 Electrical Properties of Freshwater Ice Cover
3.7.3 Electrical Properties of Sea Ice
3.8 Optical Properties of Ice, Used to Solve Problems of Civil Aviation
3.8.1 Refraction, Absorption, Reflection, and Scattering of Light by Ice
3.8.2 Emissivity of Ice
3.9 On the Anisotropy of the Physical Properties of Ice
References
