Hydrocarbon Fluid Inclusions in Petroliferous Basins trains readers to detect Hydrocarbon Fluid Inclusions (HCFIs) in sedimentary rocks, particularly the wafer preparation techniques to visualize HCFIs, its distinction from aqueous inclusions, petrographic approaches to HCFIs, microthermometric observations on HCFIs, fluorescence emission spectra and Raman spectra of HCFIs, and their interpretations for the petroleum industry. The book features case studies from the Mumbai and Kerala Konkan Basins of the Western Offshore of India - two representative basins where new, non-destructive, fluid inclusion techniques were tested. This book is essential reading for students of petroleum geology and those working in exploration in the oil and gas industry.
Author(s): Vivekanandan Nandakumar, J.L. Jayanthi
Publisher: Elsevier
Year: 2021
Language: English
Pages: 290
City: Amsterdam
Front Matter
Copyright
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction to fluid inclusions
Entrapped fluids: Fluid inclusions
Significance of geofluids
Fluids of the sedimentary realm
Fluid inclusions in sedimentary and diagenetic systems
Occurrence and classification of fluid inclusions
Genetic classification
Compositional classification
Fluid inclusion petrography
Solid phases in fluid inclusions
Aqueous inclusions
Hydrocarbon/oil inclusions
The nature of petroleum fluids
Hydrocarbon-bearing fluid inclusions
Significance of fluid inclusion study
Importance of hydrocarbon-bearing fluid inclusions in petroleum exploration
References
Further reading
Nondestructive analytical techniques for fluid inclusions
Fluid inclusion analysis: Basics
Destructive and nondestructive analytical methods for fluid inclusions
Destructive fluid inclusion analytical techniques
To assess the content of individual fluid inclusions
Molecular and isotopic signature of groups of petroleum inclusions
Direct MS detection of petroleum inclusions
Nondestructive fluid inclusion analytical techniques
Microthermometry
PVTX modeling
Fluorescence methods
Raman and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy
Geological information from fluid inclusions
Petrographic analysis of fluid inclusions
HCFI sample preparation
Petrography of HCFIs
Microthermometric analysis of fluid inclusions
Heating-freezing stages
Important observations from heating-freezing experiment
Optical spectroscopic methods for HCFI analysis
Microscope-based florescence/luminescence spectroscopy
Fluorescence of crude oils/HCFIs
Laser Raman microspectroscopy
Raman microspectrometers
Fluorescence masking of Raman signal
Laser Raman spectroscopy
Renishaw InVia Raman spectrometer for HCFIs study
Importance of fluid inclusion analysis
Textures
Composition
Pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) properties
Pressure and temperature of trapping
References
Petroleum system and the significance of HCFI study
Petroleum formation
Accumulation of organic matter
Origin of petroleum
Insoluble organic material (kerogen)
Soluble organic material
Bitumen
Petroleum system
Source rock
Migration path
Reservoir rock
Seal (cap rock)
Trap
Petroleum maturation
Diagenesis
Catagenesis
Metagenesis
Petroleum migration/migration of HCFIs
Physical properties of petroleum
Petroleum composition
Specific gravity
Density of petroleum
Viscosity of oils
The colour and refractive index of oils
Chemical properties of petroleum
Biomarkers in crude oil
Source rocks and depositional environment
Maturity indices and biodegradation processes
Age of oil and migration processes
Thermal maturation indicators
Trapping of petroleum inclusions
Significance of HCFI study
References
HCFIs-Examples from Mumbai and Kerala offshore basins in India
Introduction
Geologic evolution of western Indian continental margin and its impact on hydrocarbon occurrences
Characteristics of petroleum inclusions
Types of inclusions
HCFI fluorescence
Mumbai basin
Stratigraphy of Mumbai offshore basin
Petroleum geology of Mumbai offshore basin
The source rock potential of the Mumbai offshore basin
Reservoir rocks in the Mumbai offshore basin
Reservoir facies and entrapment
Traps and seals
Hydrocarbon occurrences, quality, and source rock characteristics
HCFIs from Mumbai offshore basin
Kerala-Konkan basin
Lithostratigraphy of Kerala-Konkan basin
Geological evolution of Kerala-Konkan basin
Hydrocarbon potential in Kerala-Konkan basin
HCFIs from Kerala-Konkan basin
Comparison of fluid inclusions from Mumbai and Kerala offshore basins
References
Further reading
Petrographic and microthermometric studies on HCFIs
Introduction
Petrography: Identification of petroleum inclusions
Fluid inclusion appearance
Solid phases
Aqueous inclusions
Petrography: Relationship to the host mineral
Microthermometric analysis of petroleum inclusions
Measuring homogenization temperatures
Low-temperature phase changes
H2O-petroleum multicomponent system
Gas-petroleum multicomponent system
Significance of oil window in petroleum fluid inclusions: A microthermometric approach
Oil window: An Indicator of hydrocarbon potential in a basin
Th of fluid inclusions from the Mumbai offshore basin
Th of fluid inclusions from the Kerala-Konkan offshore basin
Summary
References
Fluorescence spectroscopy in hydrocarbon fluid inclusions
Fluorescence spectroscopy
Petroleum oil fluorescence
Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence techniques
Steady-state emission
Time-resolved fluorescence
Multidimensional techniques
Fluorescence studies-applications in HCFIs
Fluorescence spectroscopy for hydrocarbon fluid inclusions
Fluorescence emission of oils and its relation to API gravity
Fluorescence analysis of crude oil samples
Fluorescence analysis of HCFIs
Fluorescence emission ratio and API gravity
Previous studies on fluorescence emission and API gravity of crude oils/HCFIs
Observations and highlights of the HCFI fluorescence emission study
Determination of the API gravity of oils in HCFIs from the Kerala-Konkan basin using the fluorescence emission technique
Comparison of API gravity of oils in HCFIs from dry wells in a proven and nonproven basin
The two basins
Sample details
Conclusions
References
Raman spectroscopic studies of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions
Introduction
Raman spectrometer
Challenges with Raman analysis
Choice of laser excitation
Importance of Raman studies in fluid inclusions
Raman analysis of HCFIs
Earlier studies on the Raman spectra of HCFIs
Raman spectra of HCFIs from Mumbai offshore, India
Raman spectra of non-HCFIs
Raman peaks of major constituents in HCFIs
Raman spectra of bitumen
Raman peaks of water
Raman peaks of host minerals
Raman spectra of alkanes
Factors affecting the intensity of Raman peaks
Raman spectroscopy-Available information sources
Raman spectroscopy-Other applications
Conclusions
References
Conclusions and future perspectives in HCFI analysis
Futuristic applications of HCFI analysis
Petroleum migration
Biomarker analysis of liquid petroleum inclusions
Hydrocarbon quality
Timing relationships
Reservoir sealing
Migration mechanisms
Fluid inclusions and diagenetic systems
Oil exploration and development
Fluid correlation in space and time
PVT characterization
Geochemical analytical techniques applicable to fluid inclusions
Integration of fluid inclusion data with petroleum system modeling
Thermal modeling-thermal calibration
Compositional modeling-calibration of API/GOR
Migration modeling
Insight-A dream to reality
References
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
