Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles

Cover
CONTENTS
Chapter 1 CARBON-BASED FUELS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Objectives
Key Terms
The Purpose of Hybrid and Alternative-Fuel Vehicles
Carbon-Based Society
Chemical Fundamentals of Carbon-Based Society
The Clean Air Act Establishes the Framework
Emission Standards in the United States
European Standards
Ozone
Ultraviolet Radiation Absorption
Kyoto Protocol
Health Effects of Air Pollution
Acid Rain
Carbon Footprint
Global Warming
SUMMARY
REVIEW QUESTIONS
CHAPTER QUIZ
Chapter 2 INTRODUCTION TO HYBRID VEHICLES
Objectives
Key Terms
Hybrid Vehicle
Driving and Owning a Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Classifications of Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Belt Alternator Starter Systems
Levels of Hybrid Vehicles
SUMMARY
REVIEW QUESTIONS
CHAPTER QUIZ
Chapter 3 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE SYSTEMS
Objectives
Key Terms
Hybrid Internal Combustion Engines (ICE)
Engine Fundamentals
Atkinson Cycle
Engine Specifications
Torque, Work, and Power
Hybrid Engine Design Features
Hybrid Engine Lubrication System
Engine Oil
Synthetic Oil
Oil Change Intervals
Hybrid Engine Ignition System
Oxygen Sensors
Wide-Band Oxygen Sensor
Fuel Injection Systems
Mechanical Returnless Fuel System
Gasoline Direct Injection
Demand Delivery System (DDS)
Electronic Returnless Fuel System
Fuel Injectors
Electronic Throttle Control
SUMMARY
REVIEW QUESTIONS
CHAPTER QUIZ
Chapter 4 GASOLINE
Objectives
Key Terms
Gasoline
Refining
Volatility
Gasoline Combustion Process
Normal and Abnormal Combustion
Octane Rating
Gasoline Additives
High-Altitude Octane Requirements
Gasoline Blending
Testing Gasoline for Alcohol Content
Reformulated Gasoline
General Gasoline Recommendations
SUMMARY
REVIEW QUESTIONS
CHAPTER QUIZ
Chapter 5 ALTERNATIVE FUELS
Objectives
Key Terms
Introduction
Ethanol
Cellulose Ethanol
E85
Alternative-Fuel Vehicles
Methanol
Propane
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
P-Series Fuels
Synthetic Fuels
Safety Procedures When Working with Alternative Fuels
SUMMARY
REVIEW QUESTIONS
CHAPTER QUIZ
Chapter 6 DIESEL AND BIODIESEL FUELS
Objectives
Key Terms
Diesel Fuel
Biodiesel
REVIEW QUESTIONS
CHAPTER QUIZ
E-DIESEL FUEL
SUMMARY
Chapter 7 HYBRID BATTERIES AND BATTERY SERVICE
Objectives
Key Terms
Introduction
Evolution of Battery Technology
Lead–Acid Batteries
Nickel-Cadmium
Nickel-Metal Hydride
Lithium-Ion
Lithium-Polymer
Zinc-Air
Sodium-Sulfur
Sodium-Metal-Chloride
Battery Comparsion
Role of the Auxiliary Battery in the Hybrid System
Lead–Acid Technology
Battery Ratings
Lead–Acid Battery Safety Precautions
Lead–Acid Battery Testing
Valve Regulated Lead Acid
Role of the HV Battery in the Hybrid System
High-Voltage (HV) Battery Construction
HV Battery Cooling
HV Battery Service
SUMMARY
REVIEW QUESTIONS
CHAPTER QUIZ
Chapter 8 ELECTRIC MOTORS, GENERATORS, AND CONTROLS
Objectives
Key Terms
Fundamentals of Magnetism
Electromagnetism
Electromagnetic Induction
Electric Motors
Brushless Motors
Motor Control
Capacitors in Hybrid Controllers
Converters and Inverters
Electric Power Steering
SUMMARY
REVIEW QUESTIONS
CHAPTER QUIZ
Chapter 9 REGENERATIVE BRAKING SYSTEMS
Objectives
Key Terms
Introduction
Principles of Regenerative Braking
Types of Regenerative Braking Systems
Battery Charging During Regeneration
Regenerative Braking Systems
How the Regeneration System Works
Deceleration Rates
Engine Design Changes Related to Regenerative Braking
Servicing Regenerative Braking Systems
SUMMARY
REVIEW QUESTIONS
CHAPTER QUIZ
Chapter 10 HYBRID VEHICLE TRANSMISSIONS AND TRANSAXLES
Objectives
Key Terms
Introduction
Manual Versus Automatic
Why a Transmission Is Necessary
Manual Transaxles
Service
Conventional Automatic Transmissions
GM Silverado/Sierra Hybrid Automatic Transmission
Honda Accord Hybrid Five-Speed Automatic Transmission
Continuously Variable Transmissions (CVTS)
Toyota/Lexus Power-Split System
Ford Escape Hybrid ECVT
Honda Belt-and-Pulley CVT
SUMMARY
REVIEW QUESTIONS
CHAPTER QUIZ
Chapter 11 HYBRID VEHICLE HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING
Objectives
Key Terms
Introduction
Hybrid Ice Cooling Systems
Cooling System Components
Coolant Heat Storage System (2004–2009 Prius)
Cabin Heating Systems
Hybrid Electrical System Cooling
Hybrid Air-Conditioning Systems
A/C Components
SUMMARY
REVIEW QUESTIONS
CHAPTER QUIZ
Chapter 12 HYBRID SAFETY AND SERVICE PROCEDURES
Objectives
Key Terms
High-Voltage Safety
High-Voltage Safety Equipment
Electric Shock Potential
DE-Powering the High-Voltage System
Collision and Repair Industry Issues
Moving and Towing a Hybrid
Removing the High-Voltage Batteries
Routine Service Procedures
SUMMARY
REVIEW QUESTIONS
CHAPTER QUIZ
Chapter 13 FIRST RESPONDER PROCEDURES
Objectives
Key Terms
Hybrid Electric Vehicle Incidents
First Responder Procedures
Electric Shock Potential
Emergency Response
Fire
Hazmat Issues
Submerged or Partially Submerged Vehicle
Alternative-Fuel Vehicle Issues
SUMMARY
REVIEW QUESTIONS
CHAPTER QUIZ
Chapter 14 HONDA HYBRID VEHICLES
Objectives
Key Terms
Background
Body/Interior Features
Power Train Features
Safety Procedures
Service Features
SUMMARY
REVIEW QUESTIONS
CHAPTER QUIZ
Chapter 15 TOYOTA/LEXUS HYBRID VEHICLES
Objectives
Key Terms
Toyota Prius
Driving a Toyota Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Cold-Start Emission Controls
Fuel System Components
High-Voltage Battery Pack
The Toyota Hybrid System
Lexus RX400H/Toyota Highlander Hybrid
Toyota Camry Hybrid
Lexus GS450H
Maintenance and Service Procedures
SUMMARY
REVIEW QUESTIONS
CHAPTER QUIZ
Chapter 16 FORD/MERCURY HYBRID VEHICLES
Objectives
Key Terms
Introduction
Full Hybrid
Electromechanical CVT
Electric Traction Motor
Generator Motor
High-Voltage Battery Pack
12-Volt Battery
Electronic Controller
Electric Power Assist Steering (EPAS)
Regenerative Braking System (RBS)
Service Procedures
SUMMARY
REVIEW QUESTIONS
CHAPTER QUIZ
Chapter 17 GENERAL MOTORS HYBRID VEHICLES
Objectives
Key Terms
Introduction
Chevrolet/GMC Parallel Hybrid Truck
Electrohydraulic Power Steering
PHT Hybrid Systems
Saturn VUE and Chevrolet Malibu Hybrids
General Motors Two-Mode Hybrid
SUMMARY
REVIEW QUESTIONS
CHAPTER QUIZ
Chapter 18 FUEL CELLS AND ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
Objectives
Key Terms
Fuel-Cell Technology
PEM Fuel Cells
Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
Fuel-Cell Vehicle Systems
Fuel-Cell Hybrid Vehicles
Hydrogen Storage
Hydraulic Hybrid Storage System
HCCI
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
The Future for Electric Vehicles
Wind Power
Hydroelectric Power
SUMMARY
REVIEW QUESTIONS
CHAPTER QUIZ
Appendix 1 HYBRID VEHICLE DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES
ENGLISH GLOSSARY
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INDEX
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