The genocide in Rwanda showed us how terrible the consequences of inaction can be in the face of mass murder. But the conflict in Kosovo raised equally important questions about the consequences of action without international consensus and clear legal authority. On the one hand, is it legitimate for a regional organization to use force without a UN mandate? On the other, is it permissible to let gross and systematic violations of human rights, with grave humanitarian consequences continue unchecked? (United Nations Secretrary-General Kofi Annan). This book is a comprehensive, integrated discussion of `the dilemma' of humanitarian intervention. Written by leading analysts of international politics, ethics, and law, it seeks, among other things, to identify strategies that may, if not resolve, at least reduce the current tension between human rights and state sovereignty. Humanitarian Intervention is an invaluable contribution to the debate on all aspects of this vital global issue. J.L. Holzgrefe is a Visiting Research Scholar in the Department of Political Science, Duke University. He is a former Lecturer in International Relations at the University of St. Andrews, Scotland, and visiting scholar at the Center of International Studies, Princeton University, the Center for International Affairs, Harvard University, and elsewhere. He was educated at Monash University, Australia and Balliol College, Oxford. He has published on the history of international relations thought. Robert O. Keohane is James B. Duke Professor of Political Science, Duke University. He is interested in the role played by governance in world politics, and in particular on how international institutions and transnational networks operate. He is the author of After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy (Princeton, 1984), for which he was awarded the second annual Grawemeyer Award in 1989 for Ideas Improving World Order. He is also the author of International Institutions and State Power: Essays in International Relations Theory (Westview, 1989), co-author of Power and Independence: World Politics in Transition (Little, Brown, 1977; 3rd edition 2001), and co-author of Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research (Princeton, 1994). He is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and has been the recipient of a Guggenheim fellowship.
Author(s): J. L. Holzgrefe, Robert O. Keohane
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2003
Language: English
Commentary: 55925
Pages: 364
Tags: Международные отношения;Международные отношения;
Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Contributors......Page 9
Acknowledgments......Page 13
Introduction......Page 15
PART I The context for humanitarian intervention......Page 27
1 The humanitarian intervention debate......Page 29
The ethics of humanitarian intervention......Page 32
Utilitarianism......Page 34
Natural law......Page 39
Social contractarianism......Page 42
Communitarianism......Page 47
Legal positivism......Page 49
The legality of humanitarian intervention......Page 50
The Charter of the United Nations......Page 51
Human rights conventions......Page 57
Customary international law......Page 58
Conclusion......Page 63
Introduction: why the fuss?......Page 67
Initial challenges by states to the Charter restraints on the use of force......Page 73
Legal realism’s defense of humanitarian intervention......Page 75
The classicist defense of humanitarian intervention......Page 82
Collective interventions and the problem of abuse......Page 88
Humanitarian intervention after 9/11......Page 94
Conclusion......Page 100
PART II The ethics of humanitarian intervention......Page 105
Introduction......Page 107
The liberal argument......Page 110
The relativist objection......Page 114
The moral relevance of national borders: communal integrity......Page 116
The argument from international law......Page 122
The objection from global stability......Page 125
Acts, omissions, and the rights of the innocent......Page 128
The internal legitimacy of humanitarian intervention......Page 137
Concluding comment......Page 142
The deficiency of existing law......Page 144
Three different justifications for illegal interventions......Page 145
The sources of international law......Page 147
Progress through illegality: historical cases......Page 150
New treaty law – within or outside the UN system?......Page 152
Reform through the creation of a new customary rule of humanitarian intervention......Page 154
Two objections to conscientious law-breaking......Page 155
Fidelity to the ideal of the rule of law......Page 156
Substantive justice......Page 158
The legitimacy of the international legal system......Page 159
The rule of law as necessary for avoiding violent chaos......Page 161
Thesis (1)......Page 162
Thesis (2)......Page 163
Thesis (3)......Page 166
The charge of subjectivism......Page 168
Two views of moral authority......Page 169
The need for a moral theory of reform......Page 172
Guidelines for determining the moral justifiability of illegal acts of reform......Page 173
The rationale for the guidelines......Page 174
NATO intervention in Kosovo: a test case......Page 177
What sort of new norm of intervention?......Page 179
Taking the opinio juris condition seriously......Page 182
Reform through treaty that bypasses the UN......Page 184
Conclusions......Page 186
PART III Law and humanitarian intervention......Page 189
5 Changing the rules about rules? Unilateral humanitarian intervention and the future of international law......Page 191
Rules about rules......Page 193
International law and the Kosovo intervention......Page 195
Changing the rules about rules: treaty interpretation......Page 198
Changing the rules about rules: customary international law......Page 201
Exceptional legality?......Page 209
An alternative approach: exceptional illegality......Page 212
Conclusion......Page 215
6 Interpretation and change in the law of humanitarian intervention......Page 218
The Charter as law and law as change......Page 219
The lady or the tiger: managing impossible choices......Page 222
Necessity and mitigation as ways out of the conundrum......Page 226
Managing the conundrum in the context of the law of humanitarian intervention......Page 228
Humanitarian intervention in institutional practice......Page 230
When may a law be broken and who decides?......Page 241
7 Rethinking humanitarian intervention: the case for incremental change......Page 246
The Kosovo dilemma......Page 248
Implications for the future......Page 252
Four approaches to humanitarian intervention......Page 255
The incremental development of normative consensus......Page 259
The drawbacks of premature codification......Page 269
The difficulties of codification......Page 272
The value of discussions of criteria for incremental change......Page 275
Effectiveness: the missing factor......Page 281
Conclusion......Page 285
PART IV The politics of humanitarian intervention......Page 287
8 Political authority after intervention: gradations in sovereignty......Page 289
The problem: troubled societies after intervention......Page 292
Understanding sovereignty......Page 296
Unbundling sovereignty after intervention......Page 300
Intervention in good and bad neighborhoods......Page 306
Intervention in good neighborhoods......Page 307
Intervention in bad neighborhoods......Page 309
Conclusion......Page 311
9 State failure and nation-building......Page 313
Select english language bibliography......Page 336
Index......Page 350
