Mother’s milk provides a wide variety of health benefits for infants, which is why breast feeding is highly recommended all over the world. This monograph provides details about the nutritional and bioactive properties of human milk, explaining the significance of this natural source of food. Chapter One describes how lactic acid bacteria present in human milk plays a critical role in establishing an immunocompetent microbiome in newborns, inducing multifarious health-promoting activities required to successfully initiate the life process. Chapter Two describes how the fatty acid profile of breastmilk varies according to the needs of the infant, particularly depending on the gestational age of the newborn, but also as a result of the mother’s diet. Chapter Three summarizes the current literature on the composition of human milk and its life-course functional effects on health outcomes.
Author(s): John I. Cole
Series: Nutrition and Diet Research Progress
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Year: 2021
Language: English
Pages: 146
City: New York
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1
Impressive Antimicrobial Potential of Human Milk: A Blessing for Nascent Life
Abstract
Introduction
Composition of Colostrum
Composition of Human Milk
Immunoglobulins
Secretory IgA
Enteric Protection
Respiratory Epithelium
Secretory IgM
IgG
Proteins
Changes in the Composition of Proteins in Human Milk during the First Months of Lactation
Colostrum
Transitional/Mature Milk
Biological Effects of Human Milk
κ-Casein
Haptocorrin
α-Lactalbumin
Immunoglobulins
Lactoferrin
Enzymes
Lysozyme
Lactoperoxidase
Lipase
Cytokines and Hormone
Bacterial Composition of Human Milk
Origin of Human Milk Bacteria
Impact of Human Milk Bacteria on Neonatal Gut Microbiota
Bacteria of the Genus Lactobacillus spp.
Potential Factors Influencing the Milk Microbiome
Beneficial Properties of Human Milk Bacteria
Antimicrobial Activity
Bacteriocins
Exopolysaccharides Production
Potential Strategies to Modulate the Maternal Breast-Milk Microbiota
New Advances in the Use of Proteins in Infant Formula
References
About the Author
Chapter 2
Fatty Acid Supply of Human Milk and Its Possible Health Effects
Abstract
Introduction
Fatty Acids
Fatty Acids and Neurodevelopment
Fatty Acid Changes during Lactation
Effect of Preterm Birth
Effect of Maternal Diet
Diet during Lactation
Potential Effect of Nationality
Conclusion
References
Chapter 3
Life-Course Health Impacts of the Nutritional Content of Human Milk in Different Steps of Lactation
Abstract
Introduction
Role of Nutritional Content of Human Milk in Health and Disease
Human Milk Oligosaccharides
Human Milk Fat
Human Milk Microbiota
Human Milk Proteins
Human Milk Hormones
Differences in Milk Contents During Lactation
Conclusion
References
Index
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