Human Being and God

This book has four inspiring lectures of Martyr Dr. Mustafa Chamran. To be brief, in the first lecture, the discussion focuses on God, Spirit and the Unseen World and in order to understand these, the philosophy of knowing human being is presented from three aspects viz. body, soul and spirit and with the help of two important and every day phenomena - dream and parapsychology or telepathy, the topic of the soul and the unseen world has been justified. In the second lecture, the method of the Holy Qur'an in proving God or God's existence is discussed by awakening human nature and cautioning it, citing verses from the Holy Qur'an. Here, the issue of knowing God to the extent of human capacity, which is in fact ‘zero’ compared to the God's essence and God's knowledge, is raised. After that, the ways to reach the realities and truth are investigated, which are: the five senses, thinking and reasoning, and inspiration and illumination. Based on the ‘five senses’, experimental and material sciences can be used, that have many errors and gradually become more complete and perfect. And based on ‘thinking and reasoning’, mathematical sciences, philosophy and logic can be used, that are at higher level than the experimental sciences but because their foundation stone is based on our experiences and senses and our internal capacities, their scope of accuracy and authenticity is not much compared to the first approach and it cannot be constant and true everywhere and always. Then the issue of ‘inspiration and illumination’ is raised, which is a kind of knowledge of the heart, and with the power of illumination, man is able to recognize and know ‘the spirit, the unseen world and the God’. At the end of the lecture, the discussion of the realm of science and philosophy is discussed and the issue or incorrect claim ‘the scientific nature of a philosophy’ is discussed and an interesting logical answer was given. In the third lecture, the basic principles of the most important human and divine schools were presented, and these schools should have the following three foundations in order to be called schools. The first is the philosophical basis, the second is the economic basis, and the third is the political and governmental basis and every principle is a collection of these three bases that collectively form a system in such a way that one can never look at one of these three bases without looking at the other two bases. While continuing this topic, three important schools and systems in today's world (Communism, Capitalism, and Islam) were discussed and compared. In addition, the existing systems were discussed primarily from the philosophical point of view: 1. School of Communism which believes originality of matter and denies anything that is metaphysical, transcendental and beyond materialism. 2. School of Capitalism which believes in the originality of the mind or intellect (Idealism). 3. School of Islam which is based on belief in God, the creator of matter and the mind (Realism). Similarly, materialism relies on the objective knowledge of matter, and idealism is based on the mental or cognitive knowledge of matter, and Islam believes in the existence of matter independent of the mind, the knowledge which is subjective. Then, the issue of ‘predestination and free will’ is mentioned, which is the materialism of the Communism based on absolute determinism, and the idealism based on absolute free will of Capitalism, and the school of Islam which focuses on predestination with optionality, or neither determinism nor free will, but something between the two. In the topic of relativity, it has also been discussed that materialists consider everything to be relative and idealists consider everything to be absolute, and in the school of Islam the material world is ‘relative’ and ‘transcendent’ tends to be absolute. Then it is concluded that the school of Islam is the ‘Intermediary and Moderate school’, neither eastern nor western. In the fourth lecture, brief reference is made to the socialist and capitalist views on few aspects of Islam, that has multiple dimensions.