Human-Automation Interaction: Manufacturing, Services and User Experience

Series Editor’s Foreword
Preface
Contents
Advanced Production Management and Production Control
Future of Work and Work Systems: Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence for Designing Smart, Safe, Healthy and Ethical Work in Financial Services
1 Introduction
2 Financial Services, Operations Management and New Technologies
2.1 Work, Benefit Areas and Beneficiaries
2.2 Financial Services and Operations Management
2.3 Collaboration and Workplace Collaboration Technologies
2.4 New Technologies in Financial Services
3 Wellbeing and Managing the Person in the Workplace
3.1 Wellbeing, Mental Wellbeing at Work, Quality of Life and Work-Related Stress (WRS)
3.2 Managing the Person in the Workplace: Organizational Functions
3.3 Teamwork, Engagement, Job Control and Flow
3.4 Business Case for Wellbeing
4 Human Factors, Ethically Responsible Technologies and Stakeholder Evaluation Methods
4.1 Human Factors
4.2 Ethics, Digital Ethics and Ethically Responsible Technologies
4.3 Stakeholder Evaluation and Human Factors Methods
5 Research Project and Methodology
5.1 Introduction and Objective
5.2 Overview of Research Phases
6 Results
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Job Satisfaction and WRS
6.3 Type of Work and Performance Picture
6.4 Healthy Work
6.5 Roles and Key Technology Functions/Requirements
6.6 Performance Management, Monitoring and Measurement
6.7 Productivity, Workload, Task Diversity and Task Complexity
6.8 Future Work
6.9 Intelligent Work
6.10 Addressing Wellbeing in the Design of Future Work Systems
6.11 Positive and Negative Impacts, Unintended Consequences and Unknowns
6.12 Implementation Approach
7 Proposed Intelligent Work Concept and System Requirements
7.1 Intelligent Work Concept
7.2 Stakeholders, Platform and Functions
7.3 Three Levels of Automation
7.4 Contract Concept and Roles and Responsibilities
8 Discussion: Emerging Methods and Innovation
8.1 Rationale: Workplace Wellness and Triple Bottom Line
8.2 A/IS: Enabling Trust, Visibility and Communication
8.3 Work Management and Wellbeing in Work
8.4 Ethical Principles and Issues to Address in System Design
8.5 Self-management of Work and Intelligent Coaching
8.6 Covid
8.7 Systems Approach, Implementation and Change
8.8 Research Limitations and Areas for Further Research
9 Conclusion
Appendices
Personae and Scenarios
Intelligent Work States (Team Member)
Intelligent Work States (Team Supervisor)
High level Functions and Wellbeing/Workplace Health
References
Supporting Production Management in the Fourth Industrial Revolution: A Framework Based on Shop-Floor Data
1 Introduction
2 Background Concepts
2.1 About Industry 4.0
2.2 Information Systems in the 4th Industrial Revolution
2.3 Production Management in the 4th Industrial Revolution
3 Framework Based on Shop Floor Data to Support Production Management
3.1 Manufacturing Execution System—A Framework
3.2 Manufacturing Execution System—A Real Specification
4 Final Remarks
References
Perceived Usability in User-Centered Design: Analysis of Usability Aspects for Improving Human-Machine Systems
1 Introduction
2 Basic Terms
3 Usability Study Evaluation Model—USE-Model
3.1 Perceived Usability Model
3.2 Relevance Model
3.3 Usability Aspect Model
4 Usability Study Evaluation Process—USE-Process
4.1 Identification of Relevant Usability Aspects in a Field Study
4.2 Design of the Field Study for the Collection of Usability Aspects
4.3 Selection of Relevant Usability Aspects and Test Cases
4.4 The Subjective Evaluation of Usability Aspects and the Perceived Usability
4.5 Selection of Reference Products
4.6 Preparation of Participants for Subjective Evaluation
4.7 Design of the Testing Procedure
4.8 Conducting the Subjective Evaluation
4.9 Quantification of Influencing Factors by Selected Measurement
5 Conclusion
References
Synthesizing Construction Professionals’ Perceived Measures of Mitigating Contractors’ Opportunism
1 Introduction
2 Construction Contractors’ Opportunism
2.1 Mitigating Contractors’ Opportunism
3 Research Methodology
4 Findings and Discussion
4.1 Background of Respondents
4.2 Mitigating Measures to Contractors’ Opportunism
5 Discussion
6 Conclusion and Recommendations
References
Systematic Review of the Relationship Between Advanced Production Management and Workplace Safety
1 Introduction and Background
2 Purpose of Study
3 Research Methodology
3.1 Data Collection
3.2 Trend Analysis
4 Results
4.1 Co-citation Analysis
4.2 Content Analysis
4.3 Word Cloud
4.4 CiteSpace
4.5 BibExcel
5 Discussion and Conclusion
6 Future Work
References
A Systematic Literature Review of the Emergence of Blockchain Technology in of Human Resources Management
1 Introduction
2 Purpose of Study (Problem Statement)
3 Research Methodology
3.1 Data Collection
3.2 Trend Analysis
4 Results
4.1 Co-citation Analysis
4.2 Content Analysis
4.3 Content Analysis from MAXQDA
5 Discussion
5.1 Human Resource Management
5.2 Blockchain’s Role in HRM
6 Future Work and Conclusion
References
Healthcare Automation
Smart Technologies in Healthcare: Overview of Human Factors and Infusion Pumps
1 Introduction and Background
2 Human Factors Considerations in Smart Infusion Pumps
2.1 Patient Safety
2.2 Infusion Pump Related Errors
2.3 Alert and Alarm Fatigue
2.4 User Acceptance
2.5 Patient Variability
2.6 Human Factors Concerns with Pump Drug Library Updates
2.7 Usability Studies
3 Human–Computer Interaction Principles and Infusion Pumps
3.1 Discoverability
3.2 Simplicity
3.3 Affordances and Signifiers
3.4 Constraint
3.5 Feedback
4 Visual Cues: A Case Study of Human Factors in Pump Use
5 Conclusion
References
What is a Smart Hospital? A Review of the Literature
1 Introduction and Background
1.1 Smart by Powerhouse and Ambition Levels of Smartness
2 Procedure
3 Results from Literature Review
3.1 Literature Appropriation of the Smart by Powerhouse Guidelines
4 Discussion
4.1 Functionalities Considered as Minimum Requirement for a Smart Hospital Design
4.2 Ambition Levels of Smart and Design Strategies
5 Conclusion and Future Work
References
Healthcare Automation: A Systematic Literature Review
1 Introduction and Background
1.1 Healthcare Automation
1.2 Plan Overview for Systematic Literature Review
2 Purpose of Study
3 Research Methodology
3.1 Data Collection Using Database Searches
3.2 Trend Analysis
3.3 Emergence Indicator
3.4 Engagement Measures
4 Results
4.1 Content Analysis Based on Leading Terms
4.2 Co-citation Analysis
4.3 Content Analysis from MAXQDA
5 Conclusion
6 Future Work
References
Research on System Design to Support Medical Staff in Case of Ventilator Alarms
1 Introduction and Background
2 Objective
3 Methods
3.1 Participants in the Experiment and the Equipment
3.2 Alarms Activated
3.3 Experimental Conditions of the Equipment
3.4 About the Acquired Data and the Flow of the Assignment
3.5 About the Acquired Data and the Flow of the Assignment
4 Results and Discussions
4.1 Transition of operator’s Behavior
4.2 Analysis of operator’s Verbal Data and Post-experimental Interviews Transition of operator’s Behavior
5 Discussions
5.1 Knowledge Required for Manipulation to Clear Alarms
5.2 A Model of the Relationship Between Ventilator Information and the operator’s Behavior and Thoughts
6 Conclusions
Appendix
References
Measuring and Modeling Human Performance
Neuroergonomics: Topics, Tools, and a Webpage Attention Research (WAR) Framework
1 Introduction
2 Research Topics Analysis Based on VOS Viewer
2.1 Data Collection
2.2 Data Collection
2.3 Hotspots of Publications Related to Visual Attention to Websites
3 Neuroergonomics Tools Used to Measure Attention to Webpages
3.1 Behavioral Measures
3.2 Psychophysiological Measures
3.3 Eye-Tracking Measures
3.4 Multimodal Measures
4 Webpage Attention Research (WAR) Framework
5 Discussion
5.1 Major Findings
5.2 The Future
References
Using Eye-Tracking to Predict Cognitive Workload in a Control Room Environment
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 Information Layout Impacts Attention Distribution
2.2 Eye Tracking and Visual Attention
2.3 Eye Tracking Metrics in Prediction
2.4 Pupil Size Reflects Cognitive Workload
3 Methods
3.1 Participants
3.2 Independent Variables
3.3 Dependent Variables
3.4 Apparatus
3.5 Method and Measures
4 Results
4.1 Effects of Layout and State on Pupil Size
4.2 Effects of State on Seven Eye-Tracking Metrics
4.3 Using Eye-Tracking Metrics to Predict Cognitive Workload
4.4 Using Eye-Tracking Metrics to Predict Cognitive Workload for Gauge Type
5 Discussion
5.1 Information Layout Affects Cognitive Workload and Information Processing
5.2 State of the Gauge Affects Cognitive Workload
5.3 State of the Gauge Affects Attention
5.4 Eye-Tracking Metrics Predict Cognitive Workload
6 Conclusions
References
Quantitative Perspectives for Human Performance and Risk
1 Introduction
2 Human Reliability Analysis and Human Factors
3 Human Reliability Analysis Methods
3.1 First Generation HRA Methods
3.2 Second Generation HRA Methods
3.3 Third Generation HRA Methods
4 Human Reliability Analysis Data
4.1 Analytical Methods Data Sources
4.2 Data Sources for HRA Applications
4.3 HRA Data Collection Efforts
5 HRA Process
5.1 Identification and Definition
5.2 Information Collection
5.3 Feasibility Assessment
5.4 Qualitive Analysis
5.5 Quantification
5.6 Integration of HRA into Risk Assessment Model and Risk Insights
6 Recent Developments
7 Conclusions
References
Fault Diagnosis: Human Performance in the Digital and Automation Context
1 Introduction
2 A Framework for Human Factors Research on Fault Diagnosis
3 Human Diagnosis Models, Approaches and Strategies
4 Measurements of Human Diagnosis Process
5 Factors Influencing Human Diagnosis Performance
5.1 Information Factors
5.2 Task Factors
5.3 Individual Differences
5.4 Team Factors
5.5 Other System Factors
6 Improving Diagnosis Task Performance
6.1 Information Content Abstraction
6.2 Diagnosis Aids
6.3 Alarm System Design
6.4 Diagnosis Training
7 Final Remarks
References
Inertia Effects in Fitts’ Law for Movement Time
1 Introduction and Background
1.1 Fitts’ Model for Movement Time
1.2 Welford Two-Component Model of Fitts’ Law [20]
1.3 A Different Way of Looking at the Welford Model
1.4 Two-Submovement Model of Hoffmann [19]
1.5 Dimensional Analysis of Movement Time with Inertia Forces
1.6 How Will Effects of Inertia Be Manifested?
2 Aims of the Research
2.1 Experiments Showing Little Effect of Inertia on Movement Times
2.2 Experiments Showing Significant Effects of Inertia
3 General Discussion
3.1 Single Aiming Movements—Schmidt’s Law
4 Conclusions
References
Usability and User Experience
Usability and User Experience (UX) of Human-Automation Interaction: Concept and Measurement Method
1 Introduction and Background
1.1 Usability as a Focus
1.2 UX as a Next Focus
2 Conceptual Model of UX
2.1 Quality in Design and Quality in Use
2.2 Objective Quality Characteristics and Subjective Quality Characteristics
2.3 Four Types of Quality Characteristics
2.4 UX is Different from Usability
3 Process Model of Development
3.1 Process Model of Design
3.2 DECAGON Model
3.3 Development Process and UX Process
4 UX Measurement
4.1 UX Measurement Methods
4.2 UX Measurement by ERM-AT
4.3 An Example
5 Automation and UX
5.1 Effect of Automation Found by ERM-AT
6 Conclusion
References
User Experience Requirement Creation at Early Phases of System Development Life Cycle for Quick Turnaround
1 Introduction and Background
2 Methodology
2.1 Focus Group Sprint
3 Design Sprint
4 Guidelines and Discussions
5 Conclusions
References
Proactive Integration of User Data into Engineering Processes—A Generic Approach and Specific Examples
1 Introduction and Background
2 Research Gap
3 Proactive Integration of User Data
4 Research Examples
4.1 Computer Aided Ergonomics
4.2 Assistive Device Design
4.3 Preoperative Evaluation of Implants
4.4 Product-Related User Stigma
5 Conclusion and Outlook
References
Systematic Literature Review on Industry 4.0 in Relation to Job Design
1 Introduction and Background
2 Purpose of Study
3 Procedure
3.1 Data Collection
3.2 Trend Analysis
4 Results
4.1 Co-citation Analysis
4.2 Content Analysis
4.3 Cluster Analysis
4.4 Word Cloud
4.5 Leading Charts
5 Discussion
5.1 Industry 4.0 Challenges
5.2 Relation to Job Design
6 Conclusion
7 Future Work
References
Bibliometric Analysis and Reappraisal on the Usability and Safety of Medical Devices
1 Introduction and Background
2 Purpose of the Study
3 Procedure
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Leading Themes in Healthcare, Data Science and Safety
4.2 Content Analysis
5 Discussion and Reappraisal
6 Conclusion and Future Work
References
Safety Management and Occupational Ergonomics
Optimization-Based Human Maximum-Weight Lifting Simulation: Recent Development on Dynamic Joint Strength
1 Introduction and Background
2 Problem Statement
3 Methodology
3.1 Human Simulation Model
3.2 Optimization Formulation with Dynamic Joint Strength
3.3 Experimental Data Collection
4 Results and Discussion
5 Future Work
References
Application of RAMSIS Digital Human Modeling Software for Forklift Reverse Operation Discomfort and Air Traffic Control Office Ergonomics
1 Introduction
2 Problem Statement
2.1 General Overview
2.2 Forklift Scenario
2.3 Air Traffic Control Scenario
3 RAMSIS Software Simulation Procedure: Forklift Example
3.1 Software Simulation Introduction
3.2 Procedure
4 RAMSIS Software Simulation Procedure: ATC Example
4.1 Software Simulation Introduction
4.2 ATC Setup Procedure
4.3 Workstation and Operator Overview
4.4 Modeling Procedure
5 Discussion
5.1 Analysis
5.2 Advantages of DHM
5.3 Challenges
6 Future Work
6.1 Vibration
6.2 Lighting and Shadows
6.3 Fatigue
References
Workplace Stress and Health: Insights into Ways to Assist Healthcare Workers During COVID-19
1 Introduction and Background
1.1 Background
1.2 Research Question and Organization of the Report
2 Procedure—Article Search, Identification, and Collection
2.1 Step 1: Identify Articles from Various Databases and Books
2.2 Step 2: Initial Bibliometric Search Using Harzing and VOSviewer
2.3 Step 3: Expanded Bibliometric Search Using Scopus
2.4 Step 4: Expanded Bibliometric Search Using Web of Science and VOSviewer
2.5 Step 5: Bibliometric Search Using Author Mapper from Springer
2.6 Step 6: Bibliometric Search Using CiteSpace
2.7 Step 7: Search in NSF Database
2.8 Step 8: Final Bibliometric Search Using Harzing
2.9 Step 9: Summary of Searches and Articles
3 Results—Article Analysis
3.1 Content Analysis Phase
3.2 Synthesis Analysis Phase—Healthcare Workers and COVID-19
3.3 Content Analysis Phase
4 Discussion
5 Future Work
Appendix
References
Wearable Ergonomics: Novel Integrated Solutions, Applications and Open Challenges
1 Introduction
2 The Technology: Requirements and Examples
3 Methodological Research: Need for an Integrated Index
4 Conclusions
References
Digital Accessibility in Intelligent Environments
1 Introduction
2 Interaction Techniques
2.1 Voice-Based Interaction
2.2 Touch
2.3 Gestures
2.4 Eye Gaze
2.5 Scanning
2.6 Brain Interfaces
3 Towards Design for All in Intelligent Environments
4 Summary and Conclusions
References
Manufacturing and Services
Evaluation of Social Sustainability Criteria for Textile Manufacturing Industry Using Fuzzy Best–Worst Method
1 Introduction
2 Theoretical Concepts
2.1 Textile Industry
2.2 Social Sustainability
2.3 Best–Worst Method (BWM)
3 Methodology
3.1 Fuzzy Best–Worst Method (FBWM)
4 Data Collection and Analysis
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusions
References
Additive Manufacturing and Its Application in Civil Engineering, Industrial Automation and Sustainability
1 Background Introduction
2 Typical AM Technologies in Construction Industry
2.1 Selective Laser Sintering
2.2 Fused Deposition Modeling
2.3 Stereo Lithography Appearance
2.4 Contour Crafting
2.5 Laminated Objective Manufacturing
3 Additive Manufacturing in the Construction Industry
3.1 Manufacturing Material
3.2 Manufacturing Machine
4 Cases Study of Construction AM
4.1 A Residential Cabin in Shanghai China
4.2 A Residential Apartment in Suzhou China
4.3 An Additive Manufactured Office in Dubai Arab
4.4 Comparison and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Human-Automation Interaction in Hospitality and Tourism: Toward a Frictionless Experience
1 Background
2 Cognitive Friction in Human-Automation Interaction in Hospitality and Tourism: A Framework
3 HAI Value Belief
4 Perception of HAI Experience
5 Conclusion, Implications, and Future Research
6 Future Research
References
Online Learning: Does Integrated Video Lecture Help You Learn More Efficiently?
1 Introduction
1.1 Cognitive Load in Learning
1.2 Measurement of Cognitive Load
1.3 Instructor Presence in Video Lectures
1.4 Present Study
2 Method
2.1 Participants
2.2 Design
2.3 Materials
2.4 Procedure
3 Results
3.1 Performance Score
3.2 Perceived Mental Effort
3.3 Efficiency Score
4 Discussion
4.1 Effect of Intrinsic Load
4.2 Little Effect of Extraneous Load
4.3 Role of Participants
4.4 Implications for Design
4.5 Limitations
References
Data and Probabilistic Information
Forecaster’s Use of Automated Guidance for Issuing Probabilistic Information on Severe Weather Threats
1 Introduction and Background
1.1 Probabilistic Hazard Information for Severe Weather Forecasting
2 Forecaster’s Use of Automated Guidance
2.1 Design of Automated Guidance for Severe Weather Threats 
2.2 Procedure
2.3 Results
2.4 Discussion
2.5 Future Work
References
A Bayesian Network-Based Semi-automated Injury Classification System
1 Introduction and Background
2 Methods
2.1 Data
2.2 Bayesian Network Models
3 Conclusions
References
Training and Collaboration Technologies
Human Interactions with an Excavator Simulator: Assessing Two Patterns of Joystick Control Mappings
1 Introduction and Background
1.1 Excavator Joystick Controls
2 Comparison of BkL and SAE Patterns
3 Method
3.1 Participants
3.2 Apparatus
3.3 Control Patterns
3.4 Controls Familiarization Module
3.5 Procedure
4 Results
4.1 Pre-test Questionnaire
4.2 Performance
4.3 Post-test Questionnaire
5 Discussion
5.1 Session 1
5.2 Session 2
5.3 Applied Contribution and Other Issues
References
Applying Behavioral Finance to Influence Consumer Decision-Making and Behavior Via Human-Automation Interaction
1 Human Factors Are Essential to Drive Impactful Human-Automation Interaction
1.1 Humans Are not Robots When It Comes to Decision Making
1.2 Human Factors Are Key to Driving Meaningful Advancement of AI
2 Behavioral Finance and How to Apply It to Drive Impact Via Human-Automation Interaction
2.1 Why Humans Often Seem Irrational in Their Decision-Making
2.2 A Practical Approach to Apply Behavioral Finance to Drive Real Impact
3 Behavioral Finance Applications in Industry to Create Impactful Human-Automation Interaction
4 It’s All About Ethics and Driving for a Good Cause When Applying Behavioral Finance
5 Conclusions and Guidelines for Practitioners
References
Towards Human–Machine Partnership: Ergonomics and Design for a Fruit Sorting System
1 Introduction
1.1 Meaningful Control
2 Sorting Machine Domain and Task Analysis
2.1 Contextual Analysis and System Modeling
2.2 System Control Evaluation
3 HMI Interaction Design for Meaningful Control
4 Conclusion
References
A Systematic Literature Review of Virtual Reality Education and COVID-19 Safety
1 Introduction
2 Purpose of Study
3 Methodology
3.1 Data Collection Procedures
3.2 Tables of Search Terms
3.3 Analysis Structure
4 Results
4.1 Trend Diagram Through Web of Science
4.2 Engagement Measure Through Vicinitas
4.3 VOS Viewer Co-Citation Analysis of Web of Science Data
4.4 VOS Viewer Content Analysis of Harzing’s Publish or Perish Data
4.5 CiteSpace Co-Citation Analysis and Clusters
4.6 Citation Burst from CiteSpace Clusters
4.7 Leading Tables from Scopus
4.8 Pivot Table
4.9 Word Cloud Content Analysis from MAXQDA
5 Discussion
5.1 Virtual Reality Education Relation to COVID-19 Safety
5.2 MAXQDA Word Cloud Content Analysis
6 Conclusion
7 Future Work
References
Subject Index