Human Anatomy Laboratory Manual with Cat Dissections

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 2
Copyright Page......Page 3
Contents......Page 4
Preface for the Instructor......Page 8
Acknowledgments......Page 10
A Word to the Student......Page 12
Exercise 1: The Language of Anatomy......Page 14
Activity 1: Locating Body Regions......Page 17
Activity 2: Observing Sectioned Specimens......Page 18
Activity 3: Practicing Using Correct Anatomical Terminology......Page 19
Activity 4: Identifying Organs in the Abdominopelvic Cavity......Page 21
Activity 5: Locating Abdominal Surface Regions......Page 22
Group Challenge: The Language of Anatomy......Page 23
Review Sheet: The Language of Anatomy......Page 24
Exercise 2: Organ Systems Overview......Page 28
Dissection and Identification: The Organ Systems of the Rat......Page 29
Activity 3: Opening the Ventral Body Cavity......Page 30
Activity 4: Examining the Ventral Body Cavity......Page 31
Activity 5: Examining the Human Torso Model......Page 36
Group Challenge: Odd Organ Out......Page 37
Review Sheet: Organ Systems Overview......Page 38
Exercise 3: The Microscope......Page 40
Activity 1: Identifying the Parts of a Microscope......Page 41
Activity 2: Viewing Objects Through the Microscope......Page 43
Activity 3: Estimating the Diameter of the Microscope Field......Page 45
Activity 5: Preparing and Observing a Wet Mount......Page 46
Review Sheet: The Microscope......Page 48
Exercise 4: The Cell: Anatomy and Division......Page 52
Activity 1: Identifying Parts of a Cell......Page 53
Activity 4: Examining the Cell Model......Page 54
Activity 5: Observing Various Cell Structures......Page 55
Activity 6: Identifying the Mitotic Stages......Page 58
Review Sheet: The Cell: Anatomy and Division......Page 62
Exercise 5: Classification of Tissues......Page 66
Activity 1: Examining Epithelial Tissue Under the Microscope......Page 68
Activity 2: Examining Connective Tissue Under the Microscope......Page 74
Activity 3: Examining Nervous Tissue Under the Microscope......Page 80
Activity 4: Examining Muscle Tissue Under the Microscope......Page 81
Review Sheet: Classification of Tissues......Page 84
Exercise 6: The Integumentary System......Page 90
Activity 1: Locating Structures on a Skin Model......Page 91
Activity 3: Plotting the Distribution of Sweat Glands......Page 95
Activity 4: Identifying Nail Structures......Page 96
Activity 5: Comparing Hairy and Relatively Hair-Free Skin Microscopically......Page 97
Activity 6: Taking and Identifying Inked Fingerprints......Page 98
Review Sheet: The Integumentary System......Page 100
Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton: Classification and Structure of Bones and Cartilages......Page 104
Activity 2: Examining a Long Bone......Page 106
Activity 4: Examining the Microscopic Structure of Compact Bone......Page 109
Activity 5: Examining the Osteogenic Epiphyseal Plate......Page 111
Review Sheet: Overview of the Skeleton: Classification and Structure of Bones and Cartilages......Page 114
Exercise 8: The Axial Skeleton......Page 118
Activity 1: Identifying the Bones of the Skull......Page 119
Activity 2: Palpating Skull Markings......Page 126
Activity 3: Examining Spinal Curvatures......Page 129
Activity 4: Examining Vertebral Structure......Page 132
Activity 6: Examining a Fetal Skull......Page 135
Review Sheet: The Axial Skeleton......Page 138
Exercise 9: The Appendicular Skeleton......Page 146
Activity 1: Examining and Identifying Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton......Page 147
Activity 3: Observing Pelvic Articulations......Page 152
Activity 4: Comparing Male and Female Pelves......Page 154
Activity 6: Constructing a Skeleton......Page 158
Review Sheet: The Appendicular Skeleton......Page 160
Exercise 10: Articulations and Body Movements......Page 168
Activity 2: Identifying Cartilaginous Joints......Page 169
Activity 3: Examining Synovial Joint Structure......Page 172
Activity 5: Demonstrating Movements of Synovial Joints......Page 173
Activity 7: Demonstrating Actions at the Knee Joint......Page 177
Activity 9: Demonstrating Actions at the Shoulder Joint......Page 178
Group Challenge: Articulations: “Simon Says”......Page 180
Review Sheet: Articulations and Body Movements......Page 182
Exercise 11: Microscopic Anatomy and Organization of Skeletal Muscle......Page 186
Activity 2: Observing the Histologic Structure of a Skeletal Muscle......Page 189
Activity 3: Studying the Structure of a Neuromuscular Junction......Page 191
Review Sheet: Microscopic Anatomy and Organization of Skeletal Muscle......Page 192
Exercise 12: Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System......Page 196
Activity 1: Identifying Muscles of the Head and Neck......Page 197
Activity 2: Identifying Muscles of the Trunk......Page 206
Activity 3: Identifying Muscles of the Upper Limb......Page 212
Activity 6: Making a Muscle Painting......Page 219
Activity 7: Preparing the Cat for Dissection......Page 230
Activity 8: Dissecting Trunk and Neck Muscles......Page 232
Activity 9: Dissecting Forelimb Muscles......Page 237
Activity 10: Dissecting Hindlimb Muscles......Page 240
Review Sheet: Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System......Page 246
Exercise 13: Histology of Nervous Tissue......Page 254
Activity 1: Identifying Parts of a Neuron......Page 257
Activity 2: Studying the Microscopic Structure of Selected Neurons......Page 259
Activity 3: Examining the Microscopic Structure of a Nerve......Page 260
Activity 4: Studying the Structure of Selected Sensory Receptors......Page 261
Review Sheet: Histology of Nervous Tissue......Page 264
Exercise 14: Gross Anatomy of the Brain and Cranial Nerves......Page 268
Activity 1: Identifying External Brain Structures......Page 269
Activity 2: Identifying Internal Brain Structures......Page 272
Dissection: The Sheep Brain......Page 282
Group Challenge: Odd (Cranial) Nerve Out......Page 287
Review Sheet: Gross Anatomy of the Brain and Cranial Nerves......Page 288
Exercise 15: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves......Page 294
Activity 1: Identifying Structures of the Spinal Cord......Page 295
Activity 2: Identifying Spinal Cord Tracts......Page 298
Dissection: Spinal Cord......Page 299
Activity 5: Dissecting Nerves of the Lumbosacral Plexus......Page 306
Review Sheet: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves......Page 310
Exercise 16: The Autonomic Nervous System......Page 314
Activity 1: Locating the Sympathetic Trunk (Chain)......Page 315
Activity 2: Comparing Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Effects......Page 317
Review Sheet: The Autonomic Nervous System......Page 318
Exercise 17: Special Senses: Anatomy of the Visual System......Page 320
Activity 2: Identifying Internal Structures of the Eye......Page 322
Dissection: The Cow (Sheep) Eye......Page 323
Activity 4: Predicting the Effects of Visual Pathway Lesions......Page 325
Review Sheet: Special Senses: Anatomy of the Visual System......Page 328
Activity 1: Demonstrating the Blind Spot......Page 332
Activity 2: Determining Near Point of Accommodation......Page 333
Activity 3: Testing Visual Acuity......Page 334
Activity 6: Testing for Depth Perception......Page 335
Activity 7: Conducting an Ophthalmoscopic Examination......Page 336
Review Sheet: Special Senses: Visual Tests and Experiments......Page 338
Exercise 19: Special Senses: Hearing and Equilibrium......Page 340
Activity 1: Identifying Structures of the Ear......Page 341
Activity 3: Examining the Microscopic Structure of the Cochlea......Page 343
Activity 4: Conducting Laboratory Tests of Hearing......Page 344
Activity 6: Conducting Laboratory Tests on Equilibrium......Page 347
Review Sheet: Special Senses: Hearing and Equilibrium......Page 350
Exercise 20: Special Senses: Olfaction and Taste......Page 354
Activity 1: Microscopic Examination of the Olfactory Epithelium......Page 356
Activity 5: Demonstrating Olfactory Adaptation......Page 357
Activity 6: Examining the Combined Effects of Smell, Texture, and Temperature on Taste......Page 358
Review Sheet: Special Senses: Olfaction and Taste......Page 360
Exercise 21: Functional Anatomy of the Endocrine Glands......Page 362
Activity 1: Identifying the Endocrine Organs......Page 363
Dissection and Identification: Selected Endocrine Organs of the Cat......Page 365
Activity 2: Opening the Ventral Body Cavity......Page 366
Activity 3: Identifying Organs......Page 367
Activity 4: Examining the Microscopic Structure of Endocrine Glands......Page 368
Group Challenge: Odd Hormone Out......Page 371
Review Sheet: Functional Anatomy of the Endocrine Glands......Page 372
Exercise 22: Blood......Page 376
Activity 1: Determining the Physical Characteristics of Plasma......Page 378
Activity 2: Examining the Formed Elements of Blood Microscopically......Page 379
Activity 3: Conducting a Differential White Blood Cell Count......Page 382
Activity 4: Determining the Hematocrit......Page 383
Activity 5: Determining Hemoglobin Concentration......Page 385
Activity 6: Determining Coagulation Time......Page 386
Activity 7: Typing for ABO and Rh Blood Groups......Page 387
Activity 9: Measuring Plasma Cholesterol Concentration......Page 389
Review Sheet: Blood......Page 390
Exercise 23: Anatomy of the Heart......Page 394
Activity 1: Using the Heart Model to Study Heart Anatomy......Page 397
Activity 2: Tracing the Path of Blood Through the Heart......Page 398
Activity 3: Using the Heart Model to Study Coronary Circulation......Page 399
Dissection: The Sheep Heart......Page 400
Activity 4: Examining Cardiac Muscle Tissue Anatomy......Page 403
Review Sheet: Anatomy of the Heart......Page 404
Exercise 24: Anatomy of Blood Vessels......Page 408
Activity 1: Examining the Microscopic Structure of Arteries and Veins......Page 410
Activity 2: Locating Arteries on an Anatomical Chart or Model......Page 417
Activity 3: Identifying the Systemic Veins......Page 421
Activity 5: Tracing the Hepatic Portal Circulation......Page 422
Activity 6: Tracing the Pathway of Fetal Blood Flow......Page 423
Activity 8: Identifying the Blood Vessels......Page 425
Review Sheet: Anatomy of Blood Vessels......Page 434
Exercise 25: The Lymphatic System and Immune Response......Page 442
Activity 1: Identifying the Organs of the Lymphatic System......Page 443
Activity 2: Studying the Microscopic Anatomy of a Lymph Node, the Spleen, and a Tonsil......Page 445
Group Challenge: Compare and Contrast Lymphoid Organs and Tissues......Page 448
Review Sheet: The Lymphatic System and Immune Response......Page 450
Exercise 26: Anatomy of the Respiratory System......Page 454
Dissection and Identification: The Respiratory System of the Cat......Page 459
Activity 4: Identifying Organs of the Respiratory System of the Cat......Page 462
Activity 5: Observing Lung Tissue Microscopically......Page 464
Review Sheet: Anatomy of the Respiratory System......Page 466
Exercise 27: Anatomy of the Digestive System......Page 472
Activity 1: Identifying Organs of the Alimentary Canal......Page 474
Activity 2: Studying the Histologic Structure of Selected Digestive System Organs......Page 477
Activity 3: Observing the Histologic Structure of the Small Intestine......Page 482
Activity 4: Examining the Histologic Structure of the Large Intestine......Page 483
Activity 5: Identifying Types of Teeth......Page 484
Activity 8: Examining the Histology of the Pancreas......Page 485
Activity 10: Exposing and Viewing the Salivary Glands and Oral Cavity Structures......Page 489
Activity 11: Identifying Alimentary Canal Organs......Page 490
Review Sheet: Anatomy of the Digestive System......Page 494
Exercise 28: Anatomy of the Urinary System......Page 500
Dissection: Gross Internal Anatomy of the Pig or Sheep Kidney......Page 501
Activity 2: Studying Nephron Structure......Page 507
Activity 4: Identifying Organs of the Urinary System......Page 508
Group Challenge: Urinary System Sequencing......Page 511
Review Sheet: Anatomy of the Urinary System......Page 512
Exercise 29: Anatomy of the Reproductive System......Page 516
Activity 1: Identifying Male Reproductive Organs......Page 517
Activity 2: Conducting a Microscopic Study of Selected Male Reproductive Organs......Page 520
Activity 3: Identifying Female Reproductive Organs......Page 522
Activity 4: Conducting a Microscopic Study of Selected Female Reproductive Organs......Page 525
Activity 5: Identifying Organs of the Male Reproductive System......Page 526
Activity 6: Identifying Organs of the Female Reproductive System......Page 527
Review Sheet: Anatomy of the Reproductive System......Page 532
Exercise 30: Surface Anatomy Roundup......Page 538
Activity 1: Palpating Landmarks of the Head......Page 540
Activity 2: Palpating Landmarks of the Neck......Page 541
Activity 3: Palpating Landmarks of the Trunk......Page 542
Activity 4: Palpating Landmarks of the Abdomen......Page 545
Activity 5: Palpating Landmarks of the Upper Limb......Page 546
Activity 6: Palpating Landmarks of the Lower Limb......Page 549
Review Sheet: Surface Anatomy Roundup......Page 554
Credits......Page 556
Index......Page 558
Laboratory Guidelines......Page 578
The Metric System......Page 579