This is the Text book to have for those clinicians involved in the care of patients with benign breast disease. It addresses all the conditions likely to be encountered in a breast clinic with concise and recent knowledge on the subject. It is a must have in organising a breast clinic
Author(s): Robert E. Mansel MB BS MRCS LRCP FRCS MS, David Webster MD FRCS, Helen Sweetland MBChB MD FRCS(Ed)
Edition: 3rd
Publisher: Saunders Ltd.
Year: 2009
Language: English
Commentary: no Table of Contents
Pages: 349
Cover......Page 1
Foreword......Page 3
Preface......Page 4
Acknowledgements......Page 5
The source of the problem......Page 7
History......Page 8
The present and the future......Page 9
REFERENCES......Page 11
Sir Astley paston Cooper, bt. frs dcl gch. 1768–1841......Page 12
Professional career......Page 13
Astley Cooper and breast disease......Page 14
Early life......Page 15
Contribution to breast diseases......Page 16
Early life......Page 17
Why was he so successful?......Page 18
Cheatle and breast disease......Page 19
Cheatle the teacher......Page 20
Early life and formative years......Page 21
Bloodgood and breast surgery......Page 22
Bloodgood as a surgical oncologist......Page 23
Bloodgood the teacher......Page 24
Early life......Page 25
Life after Johns Hopkins......Page 26
Acceptance of new technology......Page 27
International travel and contacts......Page 28
REFERENCES......Page 29
Development......Page 30
Adult anatomy......Page 32
Vascular anatomy......Page 34
Fascia of the breast......Page 35
Lobular development during reproductive life......Page 36
The breast stroma......Page 37
Biochemical control of breast epithelium......Page 39
The breast during the menstrual cycle......Page 40
Physiology......Page 41
Postlactational involution......Page 42
REFERENCES......Page 43
Introduction......Page 46
Nomenclature......Page 48
The assessment of premalignant potential......Page 49
Breast development......Page 50
Breast involution......Page 51
A framework based on pathogenesis......Page 53
Mastalgia and nodularity......Page 54
Duct ectasia and periductal mastitis......Page 55
An extension of the concept of andi to include most benign breast disorders?......Page 56
Cysts......Page 57
Aberration to disease?......Page 58
Fibroadenoma and hyperplasias......Page 59
REFERENCES......Page 60
CHAPTER 5 The approach to diagnosis and assessment of breast lumps......Page 62
Palpation......Page 63
Prominent fat lobule......Page 65
Cyclical nodularity (‘fibroadenosis’)......Page 66
Management of recurrent lumps following biopsy......Page 67
Breast problems associated with pregnancy and lactation......Page 68
Fine needle aspiration cytology......Page 69
Ultrasound in triple assessment......Page 70
Organization of clinics......Page 71
Medico-legal issues......Page 73
REFERENCES......Page 74
Breast density......Page 76
Digital and computerized mammography......Page 77
Tomosynthesis......Page 78
Breast ultrasound......Page 79
Breast magnetic resonance imaging......Page 80
Biopsy techniques......Page 81
Prone table......Page 82
Breast localization techniques......Page 83
References......Page 85
Terminology......Page 86
Age and natural history......Page 87
Geographical variation......Page 88
Pathogenesis......Page 89
Pathology......Page 90
Common clinical presentations......Page 91
Less common presentations......Page 92
Mammography......Page 93
Management......Page 94
Recurrence after surgery......Page 95
Adenoma of the breast......Page 96
Epidemiological studies......Page 97
Multiple fibroadenomas as a distinct entity......Page 98
Multiple giant fibroadenomas......Page 99
Giant fibroadenoma of adolescence69......Page 100
Pathology......Page 101
Giant breast tumours of the perimenopausal period......Page 102
Fibroadenomatoid hyperplasia......Page 103
Aetiology......Page 104
Clinical features......Page 105
Treatment......Page 106
Pseudoangiomatous hyperplasia......Page 107
REFERENCES......Page 108
Introduction......Page 112
Frequency of breast pain......Page 113
Classification......Page 114
Cyclical pronounced pattern......Page 115
Noncyclical pattern......Page 116
True noncyclical breast pain......Page 117
Other causes......Page 118
Water retention......Page 119
Endocrine abnormalities......Page 120
Caffeine and methylxanthines......Page 121
Reassurance and other supportive measures......Page 123
The contraceptive pill......Page 124
Progestogens......Page 125
Bromocriptine......Page 126
Danazol......Page 127
Tamoxifen......Page 128
Other therapeutic approaches......Page 129
Treatments for noncyclical mastalgia......Page 130
Natural history of mastalgia......Page 131
Plan of management for patients with mastalgia......Page 132
Noncyclical mastalgia......Page 133
Length of drug treatment......Page 134
Mastalgia in the postmenopausal patient......Page 135
Patients with refractory mastalgia......Page 136
REFERENCES......Page 138
Sclerosing adenosis......Page 144
Radiological criteria......Page 145
Radial scar and complex sclerosing lesions......Page 146
Pathology......Page 147
Management......Page 148
REFERENCES......Page 149
Introduction......Page 151
Pathology......Page 152
Incidence......Page 153
Pathogenesis and cyst types......Page 154
Clinical features......Page 156
Age......Page 157
Investigation......Page 158
Aspiration......Page 159
Follow-up and breast cancer risk......Page 160
Galactocele......Page 161
Clinical features......Page 162
REFERENCES......Page 163
Introduction......Page 166
Historical survey......Page 167
Pathology and pathogenesis of duct ectasia/periductal mastitis......Page 169
Secondary to inflammation......Page 170
Mammary duct fistula......Page 171
Clinical periductal mastitis......Page 172
Bacteriology......Page 173
Cigarette smoking......Page 174
The classic view (Fig. 11.2)......Page 175
Nipple discharge......Page 176
Evanescent mass......Page 177
Abscess......Page 178
Peripheral mass......Page 179
Mammary duct fistula......Page 180
Nipple retraction......Page 181
Eczema......Page 182
Frequency of duct ectasia/periductal mastitis......Page 183
Medical management......Page 184
Surgery......Page 185
Non-bloody nipple discharge......Page 186
Recurrent abscess with fistula......Page 187
Cosmesis......Page 188
Behaviour of residual ducts......Page 189
Major duct excision......Page 190
Persistent abscess cavity......Page 191
Residual ducts......Page 192
Residual peripheral ducts......Page 193
Factitial disease......Page 194
REFERENCES......Page 195
Introduction......Page 198
Assessment of nipple retraction......Page 199
Erosive adenomatosis......Page 200
Nodular mucinosis......Page 201
Eczema......Page 202
Raynaud’s phenomenon......Page 204
Montgomery’s glands......Page 205
Sebaceous cyst of the nipple......Page 206
REFERENCES......Page 207
Introduction......Page 209
Character and significance of discharge......Page 210
Physiological galactorrhoea......Page 211
Coloured opalescent discharges......Page 212
Blood and serosanguineous discharge......Page 213
Blood-stained nipple discharge of pregnancy......Page 214
Solitary (discrete) duct papilloma......Page 215
Juvenile papillomatosis (Swiss cheese disease)......Page 217
Cysts and ‘fibrocystic disease’......Page 218
Mammography......Page 219
Exfoliative cytology......Page 220
Management......Page 221
Localization......Page 222
Coloured opalescent discharge......Page 223
Follow-up......Page 224
REFERENCES......Page 225
Introduction......Page 228
Pathology and bacteriology......Page 229
Assessment......Page 230
Curtailing infection: cellulitic phase......Page 231
Suppression of lactation......Page 232
Peripheral abscess......Page 233
Bacteriology of the normal breast......Page 234
Factitial abscess......Page 235
Tuberculosis (Fig. 14.9)......Page 236
Syphilis......Page 237
Other infestations......Page 238
Pilonidal abscess......Page 239
References......Page 240
Developmental anomalies......Page 243
Nipple inversion......Page 244
Inverted nipples and cosmesis......Page 245
Supernumerary breasts (accessory breasts, axillary breasts)......Page 246
Asymmetry......Page 247
Neonatal enlargement......Page 248
Hypertrophic abnormalities of the breast......Page 249
Hypertrophy in pregnancy (gravid hypertrophy)......Page 251
Excessive postlactational involution......Page 252
Surgical treatment......Page 253
References......Page 254
Gynaecomastia......Page 257
Histology......Page 258
Incidence......Page 259
Adolescence......Page 260
Liver failure......Page 261
Drugs......Page 262
Exclusion of malignancy......Page 263
Treatment of primary gynaecomastia......Page 264
Prevention of gynaecomastia......Page 265
Surgery......Page 266
HIV and the male breast......Page 267
Nipple discharge......Page 268
References......Page 269
Seatbelt injury......Page 273
Clinical features......Page 274
Paraffinoma and silicone reactions......Page 275
Lipoma......Page 276
Oedema of the breast......Page 277
The post-irradiated breast......Page 278
Fibromatosis (desmoid tumour)......Page 279
Diabetic mastopathy......Page 280
Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (non-specific granulomatous disease)......Page 281
Amyloid......Page 282
Mondor’s disease......Page 283
Treatment......Page 284
Haemorrhagic necrosis complicating anticoagulant therapy......Page 285
Hidradenitis suppurativa of the breast......Page 286
Artefactual disease of the breast......Page 288
Phantom breast syndrome......Page 290
References......Page 291
Indications......Page 296
Technique......Page 297
Other complications......Page 298
Technique......Page 299
Ultrasound-guided biopsy......Page 301
Important principles......Page 302
Technique......Page 303
Removal of a fibroadenoma......Page 304
Important principles......Page 305
Complications of localization biopsy......Page 306
In an older patient......Page 307
Operative technique......Page 308
Variations of technique......Page 309
Fistulotomy or fistulectomy?......Page 310
Indications (see Chapters 11 and 13 for details)......Page 311
Technique: dissection......Page 312
Drainage and closure......Page 313
Drainage of a lactational breast abscess......Page 314
Technique......Page 315
Technique......Page 316
References......Page 317
Introduction......Page 319
Psychological problems resulting from presenting with breast problems......Page 320
Cyclical mastalgia......Page 321
References......Page 322
Family history......Page 324
Risk estimation......Page 325
The breast cancer genes......Page 326
Options......Page 329
The genetic testing programme......Page 330
Conclusion......Page 331
References......Page 332
Index......Page 335