Homeowners and the Resilient City: Climate-Driven Natural Hazards and Private Land

Foreword: Resilience in Flood Risk Management for Communities and Citizens
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Urban Resilience
1.3 Private-Owned Land
1.4 Structure of the Book
References
2 Resilient Cities and Homeowners Action: Governing for Flood Resilience Through Homeowner Contributions
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Homeowner Contributions to Flood Resilience
2.3 Rationales for Homeowner Involvement
2.3.1 Technical: Climate Change and Urbanisation
2.3.2 Economic: Minimisation of Damage Costs
2.3.3 Legal: Privately Owned Properties
2.3.4 Social: Division of Responsibility
2.4 Effective, Efficient and Legitimate Flood Risk Governance
2.4.1 Effectiveness
2.4.2 Efficiency
2.4.3 Legitimacy
2.5 Homeowners and Governing for Flood Resilience: A Complex Relation
2.5.1 Technical Conditions and Triggers: Knowledge and Expertise
2.5.2 Economic Conditions and Triggers: Financial Incentives
2.5.3 Legal Conditions and Triggers: Voluntary or Compulsory Measures?
2.5.4 Social Conditions and Triggers: Communicative Instruments
2.6 Conclusion and Discussion
References
3 Property, Property Rights, Natural Hazards and Beyond
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Defining Property and Property Rights
3.2.1 Property
3.2.2 Property Rights in Civil Law Systems
3.2.3 Property Rights in Common Law Systems
3.2.4 Equity in Common Law Systems
3.3 Infringements of Property Rights
3.3.1 Disaster Management—Preventive Strategies
3.3.2 Conditions for Infringements
3.3.3 Coping with Disasters—Recovery Strategies
3.4 Discussion
3.5 Conclusion
References
4 Individual Behaviour in Disaster Risk Reduction
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Theoretical Concepts
4.2.1 Adaptation Intention
4.2.2 Seeking Information
4.2.3 Variables Used in Risk Behaviour Studies
4.3 Conclusion
References
5 Resilient Flood Recovery—Financial Schemes for the Recovery–Mitigation Nexus
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The Changes in the Understanding of the Disaster Recovery After Floods
5.2.1 The Traditional View of Recovery
5.2.2 Paradigm Shift
5.3 Actors and Instruments
5.3.1 Changing Role of Actors in Disaster Recovery
5.3.2 Innovative Instruments Addressing Risk Mitigation During the Recovery Phase
5.3.3 The Difficulty of Reaching the Recovery–Mitigation Nexus
5.4 Summary and Conclusion
References
6 Resident’s Role in Sponge City Construction and Urban Flood Disaster Relief in China
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Increasing Urban Flood Disaster in the Rapid Urbanization Process of China
6.1.2 Sponge City Policies of China
6.1.3 How to Play the Important Role of Residents in Urban Stormwater Management is an Important Subject
6.2 Materials and Method
6.3 Characteristics of Living Conditions of Urban Residents in China
6.3.1 The Scale Structure of China's Urban Population
6.3.2 Housing Structure of Urban Residents in China
6.3.3 The Nature of Homestead Ownership of Chinese Urban Residents
6.4 Grassroots Autonomy of Chinese Urban Residents
6.4.1 Economic Autonomy: Owners’ Committee
6.4.2 Political Autonomy: Residents’ Committee
6.5 Attitudes of Chinese Urban Residents Toward Sponge Cities
6.5.1 The Importance of Residents’ Attitudes
6.5.2 Residents’ Attitudes Survey in Beijing
6.5.3 International Discussion Relates the Findings of Sponge City Construction in China
6.6 The Role of Residents in Sponge Cities
6.6.1 Ways for Residents to Participate in Sponge City
6.6.2 Content of Residents’ Participation in Sponge City
6.7 Incentive Mechanism to Encourage Residents to Participate in Sponge City Construction
6.7.1 Barriers for Residents to Participate in the Sponge City
6.7.2 Incentives for Residents’ Participation
6.8 Conclusion
References
7 Factors Influencing Flood-Related Coping Appraisal Among Homeowners and Residents in Kampala, Uganda
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Theoretical Framework and Literature Review
7.2.1 Theoretical Framework
7.2.2 Past Studies on Homeowners and Residents’ Coping Appraisals
7.2.3 Research Hypotheses
7.3 Research Design
7.3.1 Case Study Areas
7.3.2 Sampling and Data Collection
7.3.3 Data Analysis
7.4 Results
7.4.1 Association Between Explanatory Variables and Coping Appraisal Elements in the 5 Hypotheses
7.4.2 Association Between Social Vulnerability and Flood Coping Appraisal
7.4.3 Influence of Flood Severity and Loss on Perceptions Self-Efficacy, Response Efficacy, and Implementation Costs
7.4.4 Influence of Receiving/Looking for Flood-Related Information on Perceptions of Self-Efficacy, Response Efficacy, and Implementation Costs
7.4.5 Influence of Risk Aversion (Willingness to Spent on Mitigation) on Perceptions of Self-Efficacy, Response Efficacy, and Implementation Costs
7.4.6 Influence of Existing Mitigation Measures on Perceptions of Self-Efficacy, Response Efficacy, and Implementation Costs
7.5 Regression Analyses of Flood Coping Appraisals
7.6 Discussion
7.7 Conclusions and Recommendations
References
8 Addressing the Homeowners’ Barriers to Property-Level Flood Risk Adaption: A Case Study of Tailored Expert Advice in Belgium
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Flood Risk and Flood Risk Management in Flanders
8.3 Tailored Expert Advice
8.4 Research Design
8.5 Identification of Barriers to PLFRA Implementation in Flanders
8.6 Confronting the Barriers to Implementing PLFRA
8.6.1 Threat Appraisals
8.6.2 Coping Appraisals
8.6.2.1 Limited Self-Efficacy
8.6.2.2 Perceived High Costs
8.6.2.3 Lack of Financial Resources
8.6.2.4 Questioning the Response Efficacy
8.7 Contextual Influences
8.7.1 Resistance to Adapt
8.7.2 Lack of Quality Standards and Liability Issues
8.7.3 Property-Ownership Complications
8.7.4 Lack of (Financial) Incentives
8.8 Discussion and Conclusion
References
9 Strategic Risk Communication to Increase the Climate Resilience of Households—Conceptual Insights and a Strategy Example from Germany
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Communicative Measures for More Climate Resilience of Households—Strategy Design on Three Levels
9.2.1 Formulation of Strategic Aims
9.2.2 Designing the Strategic Combination of Communicative Measures
9.3 Designing and Implementing Single Measures
9.4 An Example: Increasing Climate Resilience of Private Households in Small and Medium-Sized Towns in the Free State of Saxony, Germany
9.4.1 Formulation of Strategic Aims
9.4.2 (Re-)Design of a Strategic Combination of Communicative Measures
9.5 Designing the Folder Sequence Private Risk Reduction
9.6 Conclusion: Toward New Role Models and Multilateral Communication for Climate Resilience
References
10 Government, Homeowners, and Wildfire: What Can We Learn from California’s Resilience Planning Experience?
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Wildfire and Plan-Making by Local Governments; The Role of Community Members
10.2.1 Comprehensive Plans
10.2.2 Local Hazard Mitigation Plans
10.2.3 Community Wildfire Protection Plans
10.2.4 Toward More Effective Community Engagement
10.3 Wildfire Regulations
10.3.1 Community Perspectives and Support for Local Regulations
10.3.2 Attitudes Toward Government and Its Function
10.3.2.1 Attitudes toward the appropriate role of government
10.3.2.2 Attitudes Toward Regulations Affecting Private Property
10.3.2.3 Attitudes Toward the Balance Between the Individual and Community
10.3.3 Toward Adopting More Effective Wildfire Regulations
10.3.3.1 Research findings
10.3.3.2 Effect of experience on community views of wildfire-related regulations
10.3.3.3 Crisis, perceived crisis, need for something new/different
10.3.3.4 Other factors affecting community support for additional regulations
10.4 Taxation and Benefit Assessment to Fund Managing Wildfire Risk
10.4.1 Taxation
10.4.2 Benefit Assessment
10.5 Voluntary Collaborations by Homeowners/Residents
10.6 Social Equity Considerations
10.7 Conclusion
References
11 Supporting Stakeholder-Based Adaptation to Climate Change: Experiences in the City of Melbourne
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Involving Stakeholders in Urban Climate Change Adaptation
11.3 The City of Melbourne’s Climate Change Adaptation Journey
11.3.1 Background: A Glance at the City of Melbourne’s Development
11.3.2 The Rise of Urban and Environmental Planning and Management
11.3.3 Institutionalizing Climate Change Adaptation
11.3.4 Climatic Drivers of Increased Stakeholder Collaboration and Policy Integration
11.3.5 Resilient Melbourne as a Catalyst for Intermunicipal Collaboration in Greater Melbourne
11.4 Approaches and Examples of Stakeholder Engagement
11.4.1 Case Study 1: The Urban Forest Fund
11.4.2 Case Study 2: The Green Our City (Strategic) Action Plan (GOCAP)
11.4.3 Case Study 3: Inner Melbourne Climate Adaptation Network (IMCAN)
11.5 Discussion and Conclusion
References
12 Conclusion
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Why and How Homeowners Matter in Reaching Urban Resilience
12.3 Where We Are
12.4 Future Direction
References
Index