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Healthcare in the United States: Navigating the Basics of a Complex System

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This book is a collaborative effort among three faculty members from the Darton College of Health Professions, Nursing Department, at Albany State University, a Historically Black College and University (HBCU), and part of the University System of Georgia. The book idea originated from a grant-funded program to create open education resources (OER) for students learning in University System of Georgia's eMajor courses. A free pdf form of this text is available for download. The authors of this book are registered nurses who have each worked 25 or more years in various roles and specialties within our healthcare system. There have been many changes throughout the years. The authors' experience and knowledge are from a nursing perspective not found in other texts of similar content. The healthcare system has advanced tremendously since the very beginning of our formalized system. The most significant growth has been in technology use to support, diagnose, increase patient safety, and document patient outcomes. However, more can be done to ensure a system that meets all our citizens' healthcare needs. Readers of this text will learn a brief history of our healthcare system and explore the current state of health in the U.S. In the next 12 chapters, readers will:

- consider health as defined using determinants of health

- discover the many types of healthcare providers seen throughout the system

- differentiate between the different types of healthcare settings

- explore state and federal programs that provide oversight

- examine private insurance and managed care plans

- survey access issues and the cost of healthcare

- review how state and federal government provides support to special populations

- discover the quick expansion of technology use in healthcare

- assess quality determinants and accreditation standards

- compare national healthcare systems presently used to the present U.S. healthcare system

- identify advantages of a national healthcare system for the United States

This book will describe and explain our current healthcare system's complexities by providing the basics of many components in easy to understand terminology. Each chapter includes essential features to assist the student in learning and understanding

- Learning outcomes, noting what the student can expect to learn by the end of each chapter.

- Key terms for each chapter content, explained and defined within the chapter and in a glossary.

- Tables, figures, pictures, and weblinks to enhance learning.

- Pause and Reflect scenarios with questions to stimulate thought about the topic.

- First person perspectives which bring richness and depth to the topic.

- Review questions to challenge the reader's comprehension.

- The current state of the U.S. healthcare system in the year 2020, including the impact of COVID-19.



Author(s): Deanna L. Howe, Andrea L. Dozier, Sheree O. Dickenson
Publisher: University of North Georgia
Year: 2022

Language: English
Pages: 296
City: Dahlonega

Contributors
Glossary
National Healthcare Systems
12.1 Learning Objectives
12.2 Key Terms
12.3 Introduction
12.3 Basic Models of Healthcare Systems
12.3.1 Germany
12.4 Issues Surrounding the U.S. Healthcare System
12.5 Current U.S. Legislation
12.6 Time for Change
12.7 The Impact of COVID-19 on the U.S. Healthcare System
12.8 Summary
12.9 Review Questions
12.10 References
Healthcare
11.1 Learning Objectives
11.2 Key Terms
11.3 Introduction
11.4 Health Information Technology Support
11.5 Electronic Health Record/Digitalization of Health Records
11.6 Emerging Technologies
11.7 Data Analytics
11.8 Summary
11.9 Review Questions
11.10 References
Technology Use in
Quality in Healthcare
10.1 Learning Objectives
10.2 Key Terms
10.3 Introduction
10.4 Quality in Healthcare
10.5 Regulatory Agencies for Healthcare
10.6 Comparing the U.S. with Other Countries
10.7 Value-Based Care
10.8 Accreditation
10.9 Medicare Access and Children’s Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2015 (MACRA)
10.10 Quality Improvement Programs
10.11 Quality Improvement Examples
10.12 Healthcare Workers and Quality
10.13 Health Disparities
10.14 Summary
10.15 Review Questions
10.16 References
Cost of Healthcare
9.1 Learning Objectives
9.2 Key Terms
9.3 Introduction
9.4 Gross Domestic Product and Healthcare
9.5 National Health Expenditure Accounts
9.6 U.S. Healthcare Spending
9.7 Population Growth
9.8 Population Aging
9.9 Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Costs
9.10 Summary
9.11 Review Questions
9.12 References
Special Populations
7.1 Learning Objectives
7.2 Key Terms
7.3 Introduction
7.4 American Indians and Alaska Natives
7.5 Military Veterans
7.6 Persons with Disabilities
7.7 Elderly
7.8 Incarcerated
7.9 COVID-19 Virus and Special Populations
7.10 Summary
7.11 Review Questions
7.12 References
Private Insurance
6.1 Learning Objectives
6.2 Key Terms
6.3 Introduction
6.4 Fee-for-Service
6.5 Private Insurance
6.6 Managed Care Background
6.7 Managed Care Organizations
6.8 Types of Managed Care Organizations
6.9 Which Type of Healthcare Plan is Right for You?
6.10 Workers’ Compensation Insurance
6.11 Summary
6.12 Review Questions
6.13 References
Federal and State Funded Healthcare
5.1 Learning Objectives
5.2 Key Terms
5.3 Introduction
5.4 Federally-Funded Healthcare
5.5 Joint Federal/State Funded Healthcare
5.6 Federally Funded Organizations for the Promotion of Health
5.7 Summary
5.8 Review Questions
5.9 References
Healthcare Settings
4.1 Learning Objectives
4.2 Key Terms
4.3 Introduction
4.4 Defining Healthcare Services
4.5 Inpatient HealthCare
4.6 Outpatient Healthcare
4.7 Summary
4.8 Review Questions
4.9 References
Healthcare Workforce
3.1 Learning Objectives
3.2 Key Terms
3.3 Introduction
3.4 Physicians
3.5 Advanced Practice Providers
3.6 Registered Nurses
3.7 Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurses (LPN/LVN)
3.8 Other Assistant Healthcare Workers
3.9 Allied Health Professionals
3.10 Other Doctoral Level Providers
3.11 Other Healthcare Occupations
3.12 Gender Pay Gap
3.13 Impact of COVID-19 on the Healthcare Workforce
3.14 Summary
3.15 Review Questions
3.16 References
Overview of Health
2.1 Learning Objectives
2.2 Key Terms
2.3 Introduction
2.4 How is Health Defined?
2.5 How is Health Status Measured?
2.6 How Can We Improve Health in the U.S.?
2.7 Summary
2.8 Review Questions
2.9 References
Introduction
1.1 Learning Objectives
1.2 Key Terms
1.3 Healthcare System Defined
1.4 History of the U.S. Healthcare System
1.5 Timeline of Important Healthcare Events
1.6 Summary
1.7 Review Questions
References
Access Issues in Healthcare
8.1 Learning Objectives
8.2 Key Terms
8.3 Introduction
8.4 Access to Healthcare
8.5 Barriers to Healthcare
8.6 Consequences of Inadequate Access to Healthcare
8.7 Emerging Issues and Possible Improvements in the Healthcare System
8.8 Summary
8.9 Review Questions
8.10 References
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