Harper’s Textbook of Pediatric Dermatology [2 Volume Set]

Harper’s Textbook of Pediatric Dermatology IN TWO VOLUMES FOURTH EDITION......Page 1
Half Title......Page 3
Title Page......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
List of Contributors......Page 13
Preface to the Fourth Edition......Page 26
Dedication......Page 27
Acknowledgements......Page 28
List of Abbreviations......Page 29
Abstract......Page 39
Time scale of skin development......Page 40
Embryonic skin......Page 41
Embryonic fetal transition......Page 48
Fetal skin......Page 54
Unique features of developing human skin......Page 58
Conclusion......Page 73
Abstract......Page 74
Consent for genetic testing and incidental findings......Page 76
Concept of personalized medicine......Page 77
Molecular genetics techniques......Page 78
Key points......Page 84
Evolution of the cutaneous microbiome......Page 85
Methods of collection and analysis......Page 88
Cutaneous diseases and the microbiome......Page 89
Fungal microbiota, virome and parasites......Page 92
Conclusion......Page 93
Key points......Page 94
Epidermis......Page 95
Transepidermal water loss......Page 96
Dermis and skin appendages......Page 99
Key points......Page 101
Skin care for the premature infant......Page 104
Skin care of the term neonate and infant......Page 105
Percutaneous absorption......Page 109
Key points......Page 110
Transient vascular physiological changes......Page 113
Transient vesicopustular eruptions......Page 114
Oral lesions......Page 115
Pigmentary skin lesions......Page 117
Miscellaneous......Page 118
Abstract......Page 122
Acquired neonatal infections......Page 124
Key points......Page 131
Transplacentally acquired neonatal bullous autoimmune disorders......Page 135
Transplacental melanoma......Page 136
Transplacental Beh鏴t disease......Page 137
Key points......Page 139
Congenital cartilaginous rests of the neck (wattles)......Page 141
Branchial cysts, sinuses and fistulae......Page 142
Cutaneous bronchogenic cysts......Page 143
Supernumerary nipples (polythelia)......Page 144
Developmental abnormalities of the umbilicus......Page 145
Infantile perineal (perianal) protrusion......Page 146
Precalcaneal congenital fibrolipomatous hamartoma......Page 147
Rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma......Page 148
Cutaneous signs of cranial dysraphism......Page 149
Nasal glioma (nasal cerebral heterotopia)......Page 150
Congenital inclusion dermoid cysts......Page 151
Cutaneous signs of occult spinal dysraphism......Page 152
Aplasia cutis congenita (congenital absence of skin)......Page 154
Amniotic constriction band (amnion rupture sequence)......Page 156
Congenital abnormalities of dermatoglyphics......Page 157
Key points......Page 159
Cutaneous disorders......Page 161
Infections and toxicities......Page 166
Adverse drug reactions......Page 167
Immunological disorders......Page 168
Inborn errors of metabolism......Page 170
Diagnostic work‐up of neonatal erythroderma......Page 171
Key points......Page 172
Autoimmune causes of vesicular and bullous lesions in the neonate......Page 184
Genodermatoses associated with neonatal blistering......Page 185
Other causes of neonatal blistering......Page 187
Erosive lesions in the newborn infant......Page 188
Key points......Page 192
Iatrogenic injury during pregnancy......Page 194
Iatrogenic injuries during labour......Page 195
Iatrogenic skin disorders after birth......Page 197
Key points......Page 205
Defining atopic dermatitis for epidemiology research......Page 206
Descriptive epidemiology of atopic dermatitis......Page 209
Specific risk factors......Page 213
Prevention of atopic dermatitis......Page 220
Conclusion......Page 221
Key points......Page 222
Genes implicated in the aetiology of eczema......Page 225
Conclusions and future directions......Page 228
Key points......Page 231
Clinical features of atopic dermatitis......Page 232
Diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis......Page 241
Key points......Page 250
Choosing adequate measurement instruments......Page 251
Evidence‐based recommendations for the measurement of atopic dermatitis severity in clinical trials......Page 253
Other ways of measuring severity of atopic dermatitis......Page 256
Measuring quality of life in children with atopic dermatitis......Page 257
Evaluation of quality‐of‐life instruments for children with atopic dermatitis......Page 260
Instruments to measure family impact of atopic dermatitis......Page 262
Conclusion......Page 263
Key points......Page 266
Pompholyx......Page 269
Nummular dermatitis......Page 273
Infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis......Page 275
Lichen simplex chronicus......Page 278
Prurigo nodularis......Page 280
Prurigo pigmentosa......Page 282
Key points......Page 283
Viral infections......Page 285
Sleep disturbance......Page 286
Psychosocial complications......Page 287
Mental health disorders......Page 288
Ocular complications......Page 289
Key points......Page 291
Initial therapy......Page 292
Unresponsive disease......Page 294
Systemic therapy......Page 295
Biologics in atopic dermatitis......Page 297
Allergy in atopic dermatitis......Page 298
Conclusion......Page 299
Key points......Page 303
Aetiology......Page 304
Clinical and differential diagnosis......Page 306
Contact napkin dermatitis......Page 307
Simple intertrigo......Page 308
Infectious napkin dermatitis......Page 309
Primary and secondary inflammatory conditions......Page 312
Neoplastic napkin conditions......Page 314
Metabolic napkin conditions......Page 315
Other important napkin conditions......Page 316
Key points......Page 317
Key points......Page 325
Key points......Page 338
Disclosure......Page 350
Key points......Page 354
Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis in infancy and childhood (syn. Ofuji disease)......Page 356
Hypereosinophilic syndrome......Page 362
Eosinophilic cellulitis (Wells syndrome)......Page 366
Eosinophilic fasciitis......Page 369
Eosinophilic panniculitis......Page 371
Key points......Page 373
Key points......Page 376
Key points......Page 381
Prevalence of childhood psoriasis......Page 382
Epidemiology of different clinical presentations......Page 383
Epidemiology of comorbidity in childhood psoriasis......Page 384
Key points......Page 388
Pathogenetic mechanisms......Page 389
Pathogenetic model of psoriasis......Page 390
Pustular psoriasis......Page 391
Key points......Page 392
Disease comorbidities......Page 397
Key points......Page 400
Diagnosis......Page 401
Key points......Page 406
Systemic therapies......Page 408
Summary......Page 412
Key points......Page 415
Key points......Page 428
Key points......Page 441
Key points......Page 446
Key points......Page 454
Key points......Page 461
Epidemiology......Page 463
Localized cutaneous staphylococcal and streptococcal infections: pyodermas......Page 464
Toxin‐mediated staphylococcal and streptococcal disease......Page 468
Key points......Page 472
Pseudomonal skin disease......Page 484
Gram‐negative soft tissue infections......Page 488
Gram‐negative folliculitis......Page 489
Key points......Page 494
Erythrasma......Page 496
Erysipeloid......Page 498
Key points......Page 501
Key points......Page 513
Cat scratch disease......Page 516
Bartonellosis......Page 518
Key points......Page 523
Cutaneous tuberculosis......Page 524
Leprosy in children......Page 534
Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections......Page 535
Key points......Page 541
Key points......Page 553
Key points......Page 561
Key points......Page 565
Candidosis (candidiasis)......Page 583
Malassezia‐associated diseases......Page 588
Less common superficial fungal infections......Page 594
Key points......Page 598
Subcutaneous mycoses......Page 599
Systemic mycoses......Page 602
Opportunistic mycoses......Page 607
Key points......Page 617
Key points......Page 626
Key points......Page 636
Key points......Page 650
Key points......Page 662
Orthopoxvirus infection......Page 664
Parapoxvirus infection......Page 681
Yatapoxvirus infection......Page 685
Key points......Page 687
HTLV‐1 infection......Page 692
Key points......Page 698
Other well‐recognized viral eruptions......Page 705
Eruptions considered viral but without exact aetiology......Page 713
Arboviruses......Page 714
Conclusion......Page 718
Key points......Page 719
Key points......Page 722
Skin infections in children with primary immunodeficiencies......Page 723
Skin infections in children with secondary immunodeficiencies......Page 725
Summary......Page 728
Key points......Page 731
Key points......Page 740
Cutaneous larva migrans......Page 743
Filariasis......Page 746
Key points......Page 749
Pseudoscabies......Page 758
Key points......Page 761
Cimicosis (bedbug infestation)......Page 769
Key points......Page 771
Marine envenomations......Page 778
Summary......Page 781
Key points......Page 784
Seabather’s eruption/Cnidaria dermatitis......Page 786
Toxic seaweed dermatitis......Page 787
Key points......Page 789
Key points......Page 802
Erythema marginatum......Page 805
Annular erythema of infancy......Page 807
Key points......Page 809
Key points......Page 815
Erythema multiforme......Page 817
Stevens–Johnson syndrome......Page 818
Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis overlap and toxic epidermal necrolysis......Page 819
Management......Page 820
Conclusion......Page 822
Key points......Page 823
Urticarial eruptions......Page 825
Maculopapular exanthems......Page 827
Pustular eruptions......Page 830
Fixed drug eruption and bullous drug eruptions......Page 832
Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis......Page 833
Diagnostic approach and management......Page 838
Key points......Page 841
Acne variants......Page 852
Paediatric differential diagnosis......Page 857
Key points......Page 859
Key points......Page 863
Key points......Page 869
Vitamin deficiencies......Page 873
Mineral deficiencies......Page 875
Eating disorders......Page 877
Key points......Page 879
Insulin metabolism and the skin......Page 881
Acanthosis nigricans, striae distensae and skin tags as cutaneous manifestations of insulin resistance and obesity......Page 882
Skin conditions associated with dyslipidaemia: xanthelasma and xanthomas......Page 887
Skin conditions linked to altered glucose metabolism and diabetes mellitus......Page 888
The metabolic syndrome as a comorbidity of common skin diseases: psoriasis vulgaris, hidradenitis suppurativa and cutaneous sign......Page 891
Atopic dermatitis and metabolic syndrome......Page 896
Key points......Page 897
Diagnostic approach......Page 898
Red flags and urgent considerations......Page 900
Infectious causes of blistering......Page 901
Neonatal blistering diseases......Page 902
Blistering diseases in infancy and childhood......Page 903
Vesiculobullous lesions on skin and mucosal surfaces......Page 905
Key points......Page 906
Pemphigus diseases......Page 907
Pemphigoid diseases......Page 912
Other subepidermal blistering diseases......Page 923
Key points......Page 936
Key points......Page 945
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex......Page 947
Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa......Page 955
Junctional epidermolysis bullosa......Page 970
Kindler syndrome......Page 973
Key points......Page 981
Polymorphous light eruption (syn. polymorphic light eruption, benign summer light eruption, lucite estivale b閚igne)......Page 982
Actinic prurigo......Page 985
Idiopathic solar urticaria......Page 987
Hydroa vacciniforme......Page 990
Chronic actinic dermatitis......Page 991
Skin testing......Page 992
Key points......Page 995
Key points......Page 1007
Sources of ultraviolet radiation......Page 1008
Cutaneous effects of ultraviolet radiation......Page 1009
Exogenous photoprotection......Page 1013
Key points......Page 1021
Thermal injuries......Page 1027
Chemical burns......Page 1030
Conclusion......Page 1031
Key points......Page 1033
Blau syndrome/early‐onset sarcoidosis......Page 1038
Key points......Page 1044
Key points......Page 1055
Key points......Page 1061
Key points......Page 1065
Key points......Page 1073
Key points......Page 1078
Key points......Page 1082
Cutaneous T‐cell and NK cell lymphomas......Page 1083
Cutaneous B‐cell lymphomas......Page 1092
Clinical approach to diagnosis of cutaneous lymphomas......Page 1094
Key points......Page 1101
Key points......Page 1105
Key points......Page 1108
Langerhans cell histiocytosis......Page 1109
Key points......Page 1115
Cutaneous and mucocutaneous non‐Langerhans cell histiocytoses: the xanthogranuloma family (C Group)......Page 1117
Cutaneous and mucocutaneous non‐Langerhans cell histiocytoses: the nonxanthogranuloma family (C Group)......Page 1124
Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (H Group)......Page 1126
Other histiocytoses......Page 1127
Key points......Page 1134
Key points......Page 1147
Key points......Page 1161
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum......Page 1162
Cutis laxa......Page 1168
Key points......Page 1175
Key points......Page 1179
Key points......Page 1183
Key points......Page 1187
Key points......Page 1193
Key points......Page 1200
Lipoid proteinosis......Page 1202
Restrictive dermopathy......Page 1204
Key points......Page 1208
Key points......Page 1211
Key points......Page 1219
Key points......Page 1231
Key points......Page 1232
Key points......Page 1233
Key points......Page 1234
Key points......Page 1236
Key point......Page 1237
Key points......Page 1238
Key points......Page 1239
Key points......Page 1240
Key points......Page 1243
Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn......Page 1245
Poststeroid pannicultis......Page 1246
Pannicultis and monogenic autoinflammatory diseases and primary immune deficiency......Page 1247
Pannicultis and monogenic autoinflammatory diseases......Page 1248
Erythema nodosum......Page 1249
Panniculitis associated with connective tissue diseases and vasculitis......Page 1251
Cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis......Page 1252
Subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma......Page 1253
Calciphylaxis......Page 1255
Factitial, iatrogenic or traumatic panniculitis......Page 1256
Key points......Page 1257
Abstract......Page 1265
Conditions mimicking mosaicism......Page 1267
Principles governing the phenotype of mosaic disorders......Page 1268
Patterns of mosaic disorders......Page 1269
Genetic investigation of mosaic disorders......Page 1270
Key points......Page 1273
Acquired melanocytic naevi in childhood......Page 1288
Abstract......Page 1296
Key points......Page 1297
Key points......Page 1303
Key points......Page 1312
Buschke–Ollendorf syndrome......Page 1314
Smooth muscle hamartoma......Page 1315
Other hamartomas......Page 1316
Key points......Page 1319
Proteus syndrome and the spectrum of AKT1 mosaicism......Page 1320
PIK3CA‐related overgrowth spectrum......Page 1325
Other causes of localized overgrowth with cutaneous features......Page 1329
Key points......Page 1332
Fine and whorled Blaschkolinear hypoand hyperpigmentation (incorporating hypomelanosis of Ito, and linear and whorled naevoid hy......Page 1333
McCune–Albright syndrome......Page 1336
Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis......Page 1337
Extensive or atypical dermal melanocytosis, including naevus of Ota and naevus of Ito......Page 1339
Speckled lentiginous naevi......Page 1340
Mosaic neurofibromatosis type 1......Page 1342
Key points......Page 1349
Nonvascular nodules and cysts......Page 1352
Vascular neoplasms......Page 1358
Key points......Page 1361
Tumours......Page 1365
Key points......Page 1374
Aberrant calcification and ossification of the skin......Page 1375
Idiopathic calcification......Page 1376
Dystrophic calcification......Page 1379
Metastatic calcification......Page 1381
Cutaneous ossification......Page 1382
Key points......Page 1386
Key points......Page 1392
Lesions with a generally indolent course......Page 1393
Lesions with potential for a locally aggressive course......Page 1398
Key points......Page 1406
Squamous cell carcinoma......Page 1409
Pilomatrix carcinoma......Page 1410
Merkel cell carcinoma......Page 1411
Key points......Page 1413
Key points......Page 1418
Other soft tissue sarcomas......Page 1421
Malignant tumours of neural crest and germ cell origin......Page 1431
Papillary intralymphatic angioendothelioma......Page 1433
Key points......Page 1435
Key points......Page 1441
Key points......Page 1461
Key points......Page 1476
Key points......Page 1480
Key points......Page 1484
Key points......Page 1488
Key points......Page 1499
Inherited disorders of pigmentation......Page 1505
Key points......Page 1512
Key points......Page 1522
Ch閐iak–Higashi syndrome (OMIM #214500)......Page 1525
Cross syndrome (OMIM 257800)......Page 1526
Key points......Page 1528
Acquired hypopigmentation......Page 1532
Key points......Page 1535
Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria......Page 1536
Dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria......Page 1538
Familial progressive hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation......Page 1540
Cutis tricolor......Page 1541
Westerhof syndrome......Page 1542
Amyloidosis cutis dyschromica......Page 1543
Other entities associated with dyschromia......Page 1545
Treatment......Page 1546
Abstract......Page 1551
Disorders caused by keratin mutations......Page 1553
Conclusion......Page 1557
Key points......Page 1560
Diffuse hereditary palmoplantar keratodermas without associated features......Page 1561
Diffuse hereditary palmoplantar keratodermas with associated features......Page 1565
Focal hereditary palmoplantar keratodermas without associated features......Page 1573
Focal hereditary palmoplantar keratodermas with associated features......Page 1575
Papular hereditary palmoplantar keratodermas without associated features......Page 1581
Papular hereditary palmoplantar keratodermas with associated features......Page 1583
Palmoplantar keratodermas of uncertain identity......Page 1584
Key points......Page 1585
Nonsyndromic ichthyoses......Page 1587
Syndromic ichthyoses......Page 1612
Management of congenital ichthyoses......Page 1628
Key points......Page 1635
Darier disease......Page 1639
Key points......Page 1644
Key points......Page 1649
Key points......Page 1659
Key points......Page 1665
Ectodermal dysplasias caused by mutations in tumour necrosis factor like/NF‐κB signalling pathways......Page 1705
Transcription factors and homeobox genes: major regulators of gene expression......Page 1713
Defects in the Wnt‐β‐catenin pathway......Page 1722
Defects in gap junction proteins......Page 1727
Disorders caused by mutations in structural and adhesive molecules......Page 1733
Management of ectodermal dysplasia: general overview......Page 1740
Key points......Page 1742
Key points......Page 1754
Key points......Page 1761
Conditions with skin atrophy/ lipoatrophy......Page 1765
Conditions in which individuals appear aged......Page 1771
Conditions with skin laxity......Page 1774
Key points......Page 1779
Nucleotide excision repair......Page 1780
Nucleotide excision repair defective syndromes......Page 1784
Disease susceptibility in heterozygous carriers of defective DNA repair genes......Page 1801
Senescence......Page 1802
Mitochondrial repair......Page 1803
Novel therapeutic strategies/DNA repair creams......Page 1804
Key points......Page 1805
Key points......Page 1822
Bloom syndrome......Page 1827
Dyskeratosis congenita......Page 1829
Fanconi anaemia......Page 1832
Poikiloderma with neutropenia......Page 1834
Key points......Page 1838
Key points......Page 1843
Key points......Page 1844
Key points......Page 1846
Key points......Page 1847
Key points......Page 1848
Key points......Page 1849
Key points......Page 1851
Peutz–Jeghers syndrome Key points......Page 1852
Key points......Page 1854
Key points......Page 1858
Segmental or mosaic neurofibromatosis type 1......Page 1866
Neurofibromatosis type 2......Page 1867
Key points......Page 1872
Key points......Page 1892
Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines......Page 1894
Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome......Page 1895
Costello syndrome......Page 1896
Key points......Page 1899
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis......Page 1900
Pigmented purpuras......Page 1910
Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa......Page 1913
Systemic diseases with secondary cutaneous vasculitis......Page 1916
Key points......Page 1925
Key points......Page 1940
Key points......Page 1952
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Wegener granulomatosis)......Page 1958
Microscopic polyangiitis......Page 1965
Key points......Page 1967
Systemic lupus erythematosus......Page 1974
Juvenile dermatomyositis......Page 1979
Key points......Page 1986
Key points......Page 1992
Key points......Page 1995
Key points......Page 1999
Aminoacidopathies......Page 2001
Organic acidurias......Page 2005
Lysosomal storage diseases......Page 2007
Others metabolic deficiencies......Page 2013
Hyperlipoproteinaemia......Page 2014
Acrodermatitis enteropathica......Page 2015
Carotenaemia......Page 2016
Key points......Page 2022
Key points......Page 2027
Alterations in cortisol levels......Page 2030
Disorders of sex hormones......Page 2032
Dysfunction of parathyroid hormone......Page 2036
Pituitary dysfunction......Page 2038
Insulin‐related disorders......Page 2039
Dermatological diseases with endocrine dysfunction......Page 2042
Key points......Page 2044
Amyloidosis......Page 2057
Abstract......Page 2062
Key points......Page 2064
Key points......Page 2067
Key points......Page 2068
Key points......Page 2071
Key points......Page 2075
Key points......Page 2079
Key points......Page 2085
Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndromes......Page 2086
Immunoglobulin deficiencies......Page 2090
Leucocyte adhesion deficiency......Page 2094
Key points......Page 2095
Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome......Page 2098
Key points......Page 2101
Key points......Page 2112
White patches (leucoplakia)......Page 2121
Red and pigmented lesions......Page 2124
Swellings/lumps in and around the mouth......Page 2127
Lesions of the tongue......Page 2132
Key points......Page 2135
Normal hair loss/growth in childhood......Page 2136
Hair loss......Page 2138
Hair shaft abnormalities presenting with hair breakage......Page 2144
Hair shaft abnormalities associated with unruly hair......Page 2152
Miscellaneous hair shaft abnormalities......Page 2155
Hair loss due to abnormal cycling......Page 2156
Miniaturization......Page 2160
Focal scarring and nonscarring causes of alopecia......Page 2161
Hypertrichosis......Page 2164
Key points......Page 2171
Key points......Page 2179
Common nail disorders......Page 2180
Uncommon nail disorders......Page 2185
Key points......Page 2191
Inflammatory dermatoses of the genital region......Page 2192
Lichen sclerosus in girls (syn. lichen sclerosus et atrophicus)......Page 2196
Birthmarks in the genital area......Page 2202
Vulvovaginitis......Page 2206
Nonsexually acquired genital infections in children......Page 2207
Blisters and ulcers......Page 2211
Anatomical abnormalities......Page 2216
Neoplasia......Page 2220
Scrotal conditions......Page 2222
Genital signs of systemic disease......Page 2223
Psychological aspects of genital disease in children......Page 2225
Key points......Page 2227
Syphilis......Page 2231
Gonorrhoea......Page 2236
Chlamydia trachomatis infections......Page 2241
Condyloma acuminata......Page 2244
Hepatitis B in children......Page 2246
Genital herpes simplex virus infection......Page 2247
Human immunodeficiency virus......Page 2248
Trichomonas vaginalis infection......Page 2249
Bacterial vaginitis......Page 2250
Key points......Page 2251
Physical abuse......Page 2252
Child sexual abuse......Page 2261
Overall medical and multidisciplinary management......Page 2270
Key points......Page 2273
Methods of quality of life assessment......Page 2274
Who should measure quality of life in children?......Page 2275
Validation of quality of life measures......Page 2276
Disease‐specific quality of life measures......Page 2277
Generic quality of life measures......Page 2282
Family impact......Page 2283
Conflict of interest......Page 2284
Key points......Page 2287
The family impact of paediatric skin disease......Page 2289
Coping strategies......Page 2290
Conclusion......Page 2291
Key points......Page 2294
Physiological habits......Page 2295
Self‐mutilation......Page 2299
Factitious disorders......Page 2305
Key points......Page 2307
Pharmaceutical formulation and vehicle systems......Page 2309
Characteristics of paediatric dermatological therapy......Page 2310
Commonly used therapeutic agents......Page 2312
Key points......Page 2314
Antifungal therapy......Page 2317
Antivirals......Page 2318
Corticosteroids......Page 2319
Antihistamines......Page 2320
Antimalarial agents......Page 2321
Retinoids......Page 2322
Biologic agents......Page 2323
Chemotherapy and immunomodulators......Page 2325
Miscellaneous......Page 2327
Key points......Page 2333
Genetic therapies for skin diseases using viral vectors......Page 2334
Nanoparticles and nonviral approaches......Page 2335
Gene editing......Page 2337
Conclusion......Page 2339
Key points......Page 2342
Indications for paediatric dermatological surgery......Page 2344
Bandaging......Page 2345
Procedures......Page 2346
Surgical complications......Page 2349
Conclusion......Page 2350
Key points......Page 2351
Laser treatment of pigmented lesions (S. Lanigan)......Page 2357
Ablative lasers......Page 2358
Hair removal by lasers......Page 2359
Key points......Page 2362
Local anaesthetics......Page 2363
Techniques to decrease the pain of injection......Page 2364
Sedation......Page 2367
Pharmacological agents......Page 2368
Other techniques......Page 2372
Key points......Page 2373
Approach to the neonate......Page 2374
Approach to the infant and child......Page 2376
Approach to the adolescent......Page 2379
Adherence......Page 2384
End‐of‐life care in paediatrics......Page 2386
Key points......Page 2389
Congenital melanocytic naevi......Page 2392
Acquired melanocytic naevi......Page 2397
Differentiating benign naevi from melanoma......Page 2400
Spitz naevi......Page 2401
Conclusion......Page 2408
Key points......Page 2410
Rashes......Page 2411
Lumps and bumps......Page 2415
Vascular lesions......Page 2416
Melanocytic lesions......Page 2418
Molecular diagnostic techniques......Page 2421
The ‘normal’ biopsy......Page 2422
Key points......Page 2425
The newborn with epidermolysis bullosa......Page 2427
Eczema: wet wrap dressings, paste bandages and therapeutic clothing......Page 2428
Bleach baths for eczema......Page 2431
Psoriasis......Page 2432
Vascular birthmarks......Page 2434
Systemic treatment......Page 2438
Intensive care......Page 2441
Safeguarding issues in paediatric dermatology......Page 2442
Conclusion......Page 2445
Index......Page 2447