Foreword
Handbook Flyer
About the Handbook
Acknowledgments
Endorsements
Contents
About the Editors and Contributors
Editors
Contributors
Part I: Positive Youth Development in Global Contexts
Handbook of Positive Youth Development: Advancing the Next Generation of Research, Policy and Practice in Global Contexts
Positive Youth Development Models Represented in the Current Volume
Origin, Vision, Organization and Targeted Audience of the Handbook
Editorial Vision of this Handbook
Organization and Targeted Audience of the Handbook
Positive Youth Development in Global Contexts: The Handbook
Advancing Theory and Knowledge on Positive Youth Development in Global Contexts
Expand Understanding and Provide Knowledge on PYD Measurement in Globally Under Researched and Neglected Contexts
Integrate Scholarship on PYD with Relevant Research, Policy and Practice
Unique Assets and Incremental Contributions to the PYD Field
Conclusions and Next Steps
References
The 7Cs and Developmental Assets Models of Positive Youth Development in India, Indonesia and Pakistan
Conceptualization and Measurement of PYD
The 7Cs Model of PYD
Three Asian LAMICs – India, Indonesia and Pakistan
This Chapter
Youth and Emerging Adults from the Three Asian Countries
The 7Cs Model Test
The 7Cs, Developmental Assets and Hope
Conclusions
Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
References
The 7Cs of Positive Youth Development in Colombia and Peru: A Promising Model for Reduction of Risky Behaviors Among Youth and Emerging Adults
The 7Cs and Risky Behaviors Among Young People
The Context of Young People in Colombia and Peru
The Present Chapter
Youth and Emerging Adults from Colombia and Peru
Invariance and Factorial Validity of the 7Cs Model
The 7Cs as a Promising Model for Reduction of Risky Behaviors Among Youth and Emerging Adults
Conclusions
Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
References
Promoting Mindfulness Through the 7Cs of Positive Youth Development in Malaysia
Promoting Mindfulness Through the 7Cs of Positive Youth Development in Malaysia
Conceptualization and Measurement of Mindfulness
Mindfulness and the 7Cs Model of PYD
The Context of Young People in Malaysia
The Present Chapter
Emerging Adults from Malaysia
Construct Validity of Mindfulness and the 7Cs of PYD
The 7Cs Promote Mindfulness Among Emerging Adults in Malaysia
Conclusions
Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
References
The Five Cs Model of Positive Youth Development and the PATHS Project in Mainland China
The Five Cs PYD Model in China
The PATHS and the 15 PYD Constructs
The PATHS in Mainland China
The Present Chapter
The PATHS Program Survey in Mainland China
Main Findings
Conclusions
Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
References
Positive Youth Development and Environmental Concerns Among Youth and Emerging Adults in Ghana
PYD and Environmental Concerns
Environmental Sustainability in Ghana
The Present Chapter
Empirical Study of Youth and Emerging Adults in Ghana
Analytical Procedure and Main Findings
Conclusions
Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
References
Positive Youth Development and the Big Five Personality Traits in Youth from Belize
Positive Youth Development
The Relation Between the Big Five and the Five Cs
The Context of Belize
The Present Chapter
An Empirical Example with Youth from Belize
Analytic Steps
Main Findings
Conclusions
Future Outlook
Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice
References
Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors and the 5Cs of Positive Youth Development in Mexico
Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors
Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors and the 5Cs of Positive Youth Development
The Mexican Context
The Chapter Aims and an Illustrative Empirical Example
Reliability and Validity of HLBs and the 5Cs of PYD
Sociodemographic and Economic Determinants of HLBs
The Importance of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors to the 5Cs of PYD among Mexican Youth
Conclusions
Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
References
The Relationship Between Emerging Adults and their Parents as PYD Promotive Factor in Brazil
Contextual Aspects: Transition to Adulthood Among Low and High SES Young People in Brazil
Relational Aspects: Emerging Adulthood and Parental Hierarchy
Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
References
Developmental Assets, Academic Achievement and Risky Behaviors Among Albanians in Albania, Kosovo, Macedonia and Serbia
Developmental Assets, Academic Achievement and Risky Behaviors
Albanians in Albania, Kosovo, Macedonia and Serbia
Albania
Kosovo
Macedonia
Serbia
The Present Chapter
An Empirical Study Among Albanian Youth in Four Balkan Countries
Analytic Strategy and Main Findings
Conclusions
Prospects
Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
References
Developmental Assets and Identity Among Emerging Adults in Turkey
Positive Youth Development, Developmental Assets, and Identity
The Global and Turkish Contexts of Identity Formation
The Present Chapter
Study 1: The Examination of the Links between Developmental Assets and Identity Statuses
Developmental Assets and Identity Statuses Model Test
Conclusions on the Developmental Assets and Identity Status Model
Study 2: The Examination of the Links between Developmental Assets and Identity Dimensions
Developmental Assets and Identity Dimensions Model Test
Conclusions on the Developmental Assets and Identity Dimensions Model
Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice
References
Social Support Among Slovene Minority and Italian Majority Youth in Italy: Links with Positive Identity, Social Competence and Academic Achievement
Developmental Assets Model, Social Support, Identity, Social Competence, and Academic Achievement
The Slovene-Italian Minority
This Chapter
The Slovene Minority and Italian Majority Youth Samples in Italy
Main Findings
Confirmatory Factor Analyses
Model Test of Social Support, Identity, Social Competence and Academic Achievement
Conclusions
Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
References
Positive Youth Development and Subjective Happiness: Examining the Mediating Role of Gratitude and Optimism in Spanish Emerging Adults
Positive Youth Development, Subjective Happiness, Gratitude and Optimism
Positive Youth Development in Spain
The Present Chapter
Empirical Example with Emerging Adults in Spain
Analytic Plan and Main Findings
Descriptive Statistics and Bivariate Correlations
Multiple Partial Mediation
Conclusions
Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
References
Positive Youth Development and Resilience Among Youth in Iceland: The Importance of Social Context and Self-Esteem for Life Satisfaction
Positive Youth Development
Resilience Among Youth
The Icelandic Context and Positive Youth Development
The Present Chapter
An Empirical Study of Youth in Iceland
Statistical Analyses and Main Findings
Conclusions
Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
References
Parental Support, Peer Support and School Connectedness as Foundations for Student Engagement and Academic Achievement in Australian Youth
Social Connections and Academic Achievement in the Australian Context
Psychological Connection to School
Support from Parents
Support from Peers
Links from Support, and School Connectedness, to Student Engagement in Learning
Links from Support, and School Connectedness, to Academic Achievement, via Students’ Engagement in Learning
A Study of Australian Student Connectedness, Engagement, and Achievement
Model Testing
Support for the Model
Findings on the Links Between Social Connectedness and Academic Achievement
Covariates in the Connectedness-Engagement-Achievement Model
Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice
References
The 5Cs of Positive Youth Development in New Zealand: Relations with Hopeful Expectations for the Future and Life Satisfaction Among Emerging Adults
The 5Cs, Hopeful Expectations for the Future and Life Satisfaction
The New Zealand Context
This Chapter
The Emerging Adults from New Zealand
Data Analyses and Main Findings
Confirmatory Factor Analyses Models
Model Test of the 5Cs of PYD, Hope and Life Satisfaction
Conclusions
Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
References
Country and Gender Differences in Developmental Assets Among Youth and Emerging Adults in Ghana and Norway
Developmental Assets and Nurturing Context
Country and Gender Influences on Developmental Assets
The Context in Ghana and Norway
Ghana
Norway
The Present Chapter
An Empirical Study of Young People in Ghana and Norway
Analytical Procedure and Main Findings
Conclusions
Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
References
Positive Youth Development in Bulgaria, Italy, Norway and Romania: Testing the Factorial Structure and Measurement Invariance of the 5Cs Model
Psychometric Evidence of the 5Cs Model of PYD
Youth in Context: Bulgaria, Italy, Norway, and Romania
This Chapter
Youth Samples in the Four European Countries
Analytic Plan and Main Findings
Conclusions
Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
References
Part II: Positive Youth Development Applications and Interventions
International Collaboration in the Study of Positive Youth Development
Emic and Etic Perspectives on Positive Youth Development
Within- and Between-Group Differences in Positive Youth Development
Predictors of Positive Youth Development in Cultural Perspective
Measurement and Methodological Issues
Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice
References
Positive Youth Development in Jamaica: Latent Growth of Self-Efficacy and Youth Assets
NEET Youth in Jamaica
Developmental Trajectory for NEET Youth
Positive Youth Development and the Big 3
Career Self-Efficacy and Youth Assets
The Present Chapter
The Intervention
Analytical Procedures
Main Findings
Conclusions
Caveats and Prospects
Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
References
Leadership Development of Zulu Male Youth in a South African Township
The South African Context
How Youth Leadership Is Influenced by Culture and Context
Youth Leadership and Positive Youth Development
A Call to Study Youth Leadership Development in South Africa
Exploring Youth Leadership in Male Zulu Youth
Participants
Data Collection and Analyses
Findings and Conclusions
Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice
References
Social Emotional Learning Program From a Positive Youth Development Perspective in Slovenia
Theoretical Overlap Between PYD and SEL Models
PYD and SEL Interventions
PYD and SEL Interventions in Slovenia
A Case Study: My FRIENDS SEL Program in Slovenia
My FRIENDS Evaluation
My FRIENDS Activity Analyses
Conclusions
Prospects
Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
References
The Trajectories of Positive Youth Development in Lithuania: Evidence from Community and Intervention Settings
Developmental Pathways of Positive Youth Development
PYD Interventions Promoting Positive Change
The Lithuanian Context
This Chapter
The Exploratory Study
Main Findings
The Intervention Study
Main Findings
Conclusions
Future Directions
Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
References
Positive Youth Development Through Student Engagement: Associations with Well-Being
Components of Student Engagement
Developmental Trajectories of Student Engagement
Student Engagement in Different Contexts
Engagement and Well-Being
Conclusions
Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice
References
Capitalizing on Classroom Climate to Promote Positive Development
Research on Classroom Climate
Classroom Climate: Definition, Measures, and Interventions
What PD Theories and the Field of Classroom Climate Have to Offer Each Other
An Illustrative Case: Measuring Classroom Climate in Sweden
A Research Program on Classroom Climate with Multiple Perspectives: GAVIS
Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
References
Youth Participation in the Dream School Program in Norway: An Application of a Logic Model of the Six Cs of Positive Youth Development
The Norwegian Context and School Setting
The School Setting Is Important for Empowering Youth
The Dream School Program Enables PYD
The Dream School and the Six Cs
The Impact of the Dream School Program on Youth Participation
Competence and Character
Caring and Connection
Confidence
Contribution
Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
References
The Cultural Adaptation of Interventions to Promote Positive Development: The Preschool Edition of PATHS® in Sweden
Positive Development Interventions
Intervention Cultural Adaptation Field
An Illustrative Case: A Cultural Adaptation of PD Intervention Preschool PATHS®
Lessons Learned
Conclusions
Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice
References
Another Way Out: A Positive Youth Development Approach to the Study of Violent Radicalization in Québec, Canada
What We Know About Violent Radicalization
Positive Youth Development and Violent Radicalization
The Situation in Québec, Canada
Risk and Protective Factors for Violent Radicalization: A Study Among Youth in Québec
Surveying Youth in Québec
Analyses and Main Findings
Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
References
Engaging Marginalized Youth in Positive Development: The Changing Lives Program
The Miami Youth Development Project: The Changing Lives Program in Developmental Context
A Participatory Transformative Model of PYD Intervention
Engagement Processes
Participatory Co-learning Processes
Transformative Actions
Group Processes in the Changing Lives Program: Research
Narrative Case Histories: The ICED Procedure
Quantitative Analyses: An Outcome Process Evaluation Model
Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice
References
Family Processes and Competence in a Positive Youth Development Context: Perspectives for African American Youth
Competence: Conceptualization and Role in Youth Development
Competence in a PYD Context
Competence Within the 5Cs Model of PYD
Competence Within of the 40 Developmental Assets Model of PYD
Youth Competence in the Family Context
Key Concepts in Family and Youth Competence Literature
Applying the Specificity Principle to PYD
Parenting African American Youth across Three Historical Epochs
Empirical Evidence Linking Parenting Processes and Youth Competence in African American Families
International Perspectives
Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
References
Teaching Mothers and Fathers About How Children Develop: Parenting Knowledge and Practices
Associations Between Parenting Knowledge, Parenting Practices, and Child Development
Engagement in Literacy Activities
Routines in the Home
Discipline Strategies
Interventions Targeting Parenting Knowledge
Parenting Programs
Education-Only Anticipatory Guidance Interventions
Culture, Context, and Universal Mechanisms
Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice
References
Promoting Positive Youth Development Through Healthy Middle School Environments
The Present Chapter
Approaches to Promote Positive Youth Development in U.S. Middle Schools
Emerging Approaches to Promote Restorative School Environments
Research on the Restorative Practices Intervention
Implementing Positive Youth Development Approaches in Schools
Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
References
Promoting Positive Youth Development Through Scouting
Scouting as a High Quality PYD Program
Scouting Globally
Scouting in the United States
Sample Case of the Character and Merit Project (CAMP)
Developmental Patterns of Character Attributes
Developmental Processes of Character Attributes
BSA Methods of Character Promotion
Promoting Character Development among Unserved and Underserved Youth
Summary of the CAMP Findings
Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
References
Social Change and the Dynamic Family Transmission of Youth Vocational Competence
Positive Youth Development in the Global Social, Political and Economic Context
Choose a Job, Choose a Career: Whose Choice Is It Anyway?
Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice
References
Positive Youth Development in the Digital Age: Expanding PYD to Include Digital Settings
The Digital Setting as Part of Modern Youth Development
Negative Consequences of Digital Media for Youth
Digital Media as an Avenue for Positive Development
Current Understanding of PYD and Digital Spaces
Viewing Digital Settings as PYD Opportunities
Integrating Digital Experience into PYD Frameworks
Considerations for PYD Measurement
Application to Intervention Design and Delivery
Key Considerations for PYD Interventions in Digital Spaces
Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
References
From Prevention and Intervention Research to Promotion of Positive Youth Development: Implications for Global Research, Policy and Practice with Ethnically Diverse Youth
Positive Youth Development: Theoretical Underpinnings in Resilience and Positive Psychology
Resilience and PYD
Contributions of Positive Psychology to PYD Research
Prevention, Intervention, and PYD
Taking it to the Streets: PYD and Community Programs
Broadening PYD: Ethnically Diverse Populations and International Research
Implications for Research, Policy and Practice
References
The Morning Sun Shines Brightly: Positive Youth Development in a Global Context
Defining Positive Youth Development
Theme 1: PYD Implies a Systems-Level Perspective
Theme 2: PYD Includes Both Strength Promotion and Deficit Reduction
Theme 3: There Is No “Best” Model of PYD
Theme 4: Defining PYD Requires Specificity
What Have We Learned About PYD in a Global Context?
Theme 5: PYD Is Holistic
Theme 6: Specificity Applies to All Contexts
Theme 7: We Need to Integrate Etic and Emic Approaches
Where to Now? Implications for the New Day
References
Author Index
Subject Index
