Research in the field of epilepsy will continue at a rapid pace, with the ultimate hope of curing many intractable epilepsy syndromes. Fully updated, this new edition is organized chronologically, from neonate through adolescence, and the handbook is the culmination of a group effort involving leading physicians and researchers whose contributions constitute a concise and practical reference for health professionals in training. Here the contributors review the recent flood of new information on the pathophysiology, genetics, and treatment of the various epilepsy syndromes, and the volume is distilled into an easy-to-use guide.
- Fully updated text reviewing the latest research on the pathophysiology, genetics, and treatment of the various epilepsy syndromes.
- Thorough descriptions of the different syndromes commonly encountered in clinical practice across the pediatric range.
- Extensive resource section provided.
- Contributors describe why they chose each particular case, what they learned, and how it changed their practice.
The book includes the most recent classification and nomenclature published by the International League Against Epilepsy.
Author(s): Maria Augusta Montenegro, Jong M. Rho
Edition: 2
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 424
City: Boca Raton
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Authors
Abbreviations & Acronyms
Contributors
Section I: The Basics
Chapter 1 A Pediatric Epilepsy Primer
Pediatric Epilepsy is Common
Pediatric Epilepsy Encompasses a Wide Range of Disorders
Pediatric Epilepsy Viewed From a Developmental Context
A Wide Range of Treatment Options Are Available
Pediatric Epilepsy is Not Just About Seizures
Summary
Suggested References
Chapter 2 Epilepsy Genetics Primer
Epilepsy Genetics Principles
Utility of Genetic Testing
Genetic Testing Methods
Choosing Genetic Tests for Patients with Epilepsies
Interpretation of the Genetic Testing Results
The Importance of Pre- and Posttest Genetic Counseling
Conclusions
Suggested References
Chapter 3 Developmental Pharmacokinetics: Principles and Practice
ASMs Eliminated Renally
ASMs Eliminated by CYP-Dependent Metabolism
ASMs Eliminated by UGT-Dependent Hepatic Metabolism
ASMs Eliminated by Mixed CYP, UGT, and Other Metabolic Pathways
ASMs Eliminated by Hepatic Metabolism and Renal Excretion
Conclusion
Suggested References
Chapter 4 Dietary Therapies for Epilepsy
What is the Ketogenic Diet?
Are There Indications for the Diet?
Antiseizure Medications and the Diet
Adverse Effects of the Ketogenic Diet
Alternative Ketogenic Diets
Modified Atkins Diet
Low-Glycemic Index Treatment
Conclusions
Suggested References
Chapter 5 Vagus Nerve Stimulation Therapy
The Vagus Nerve Stimulation Therapy System
Implantation Procedure
Potential Complications
Stimulation Parameters
Mechanisms of Action
Seizure Efficacy: Clinical Trials
Special Patient Populations
Safety
Adverse Events
Device Safety
Candidate Selection
Cost-Effectiveness
Conclusion
Suggested References
Chapter 6 Neuromodulation Devices: Responsive Neurostimulation and Deep Brain Stimulation
Responsive Neurostimulation (NeuroPace)
Implantation and Programming of the RNS Device
Clinical Trials Validating the Safety and Effectiveness
Deep Brain Stimulation
Implantation and Programming of the DBS Device
Clinical Trials Validating Safety and Effectiveness
Conclusion
Suggested References
Chapter 7 Epilepsy Surgery in Children
Introduction
Underutilization of Epilepsy Surgery
Noninvasive Presurgical Evaluation
Identification of the Epileptogenic Zone
Delineation of Baseline Neurodevelopmental Function and Mapping of Eloquent Areas of Cortex
Multimodal Coregistration
Multidisciplinary Meeting
Invasive Evaluation
Subdural Electrode Versus Stereo-EEG Electrode Placement
Identification of Eloquence and the Epileptogenic Zone Via Electrical Stimulation Mapping
Surgical Planning and Approach
Surgical Outcomes
Conclusion
Suggested References
Chapter 8 Status Epilepticus
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Suggested References
Chapter 9 Focal Cortical Dysplasias
Introduction
Focal Cortical Dysplasia Type I
Focal Cortical Dysplasia Type II
Relation Between Cortical Dysplasia Type II and Hemimegalencephaly
Focal Cortical Dysplasia Type III
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC)
References
Chapter 10 Malformations of Cortical Development
Normal Cortical Development
Malformations Due to Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis
Malformations Due to Abnormal Neuronal Migration
Malformations Due to Postmigrational Development
Type of Epilepsy Syndrome in Patients with MCD
Treatment Approach
Suggested References
Section II: The Neonate
Chapter 11 Self-Limited Neonatal Epilepsy Syndromes
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of Disease
Suggested References
Chapter 12 Self-Limited (Familial) Infantile Epilepsy
Diagnostic Approach and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology
Suggested References
Chapter 13 Early Myoclonic Encephalopathy (Ohtahara Syndrome)
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategies
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of Disease
Suggested References
Chapter 14 Early Myoclonic Encephalopathy
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long Term Prognosis
Suggested References
Chapter 15 Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (Neonatal Seizures)
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategies
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of Disease
Suggested References
Chapter 16 Epilepsy of Infancy with Migrating Focal Seizures
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of Disease
Suggested References
Section III: The Infant
Chapter 17 Febrile Seizures
Differential Diagnosis and Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of Disease
Suggested References
Chapter 18 Genetic Epilepsy with Febrile Seizures Plus (GEFS+)
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of Disease
Suggested References
Chapter 19 Myoclonic Epilepsy of Infancy
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of Disease
Suggested References
Chapter 20 Dravet Syndrome
Differential Diagnosis and Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of Disease
Suggested References
Chapter 21 Glucose Transporter-1 Deficiency Syndrome
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of Disease
Suggested References
Chapter 22 Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Suggested References
Chapter 23 Gelastic Seizures
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy and Long-Term Outcome
Neurobiology/Pathophysiology of Disease
Suggested References
Chapter 24 Intractable Epilepsy After Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of Disease
Suggested References
Chapter 25 Refractory Status Epilepticus
Differential Diagnosis/Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Suggested References
Chapter 26 Primary Mitochondrial Epilepsies
Introduction
Alpers–Huttenlocher Syndrome
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of Disease
Suggested References
Myoclonus, Epilepsy with Ragged-Red Fibers
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of Disease
Suggested References
Chapter 27 Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Epilepsy in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of the Disease
Suggested References
Chapter 28 Sturge–Weber Syndrome
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of Disease
Suggested References
Section IV: The Child
Chapter 29 Self-Limited Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes (Benign Rolandic Epilepsy)
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy & Long-Term Outcome
Suggested Reading
Chapter 30 Self-Limited Epilepsy with Autonomic Seizures (Panayiotopoulos Syndrome)
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategies
Long-Term Outcome
Neurobiology/Pathophysiology of Disease
Suggested References
Chapter 31 Childhood Occipital Visual Epilepsy
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long Term Outcome
Suggested References
Chapter 32 Photosensitive Occipital Lobe Epilepsy
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of Disease
Suggested References
Chapter 33 Childhood Absence Epilepsy
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of Disease
Suggested References
Chapter 34 Epilepsy with Myoclonic Absences
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of Disease
Suggested References
Chapter 35 Lennox–Gastaut Syndrome
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of Disease
Suggested References
Chapter 36 Epilepsy with Myoclonic-Atonic Seizures (Doose Syndrome)
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of Disease
Suggested References
Chapter 37 Landau-Kleffner Syndrome
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Suggested References
Chapter 38 Developmental/Epileptic Encephalopathy with Spike-and-Wave Activation in Sleep (D/EE-SWAS)
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of Disease
Suggested References
Chapter 39 Epilepsy with Eyelid Myoclonia (Jeavons Syndrome)
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of Disease
Suggested References
Chapter 40 Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of Disease
Suggested References
Chapter 41 Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus
Differential Diagnosis and Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Suggested References
Chapter 42 Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES)
Differential Diagnosis and Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Suggested References
Chapter 43 New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus (NORSE)
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of Disease
Suggested References
Chapter 44 Low-Grade Developmental and Epilepsy Associated Brain Tumors
Differential Diagnosis
Focal Seizures
Low-Grade Developmental and Epilepsy Associated Brain Tumors
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Approach
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of Disease
Suggested References
Chapter 45 Rasmussen's Encephalitis
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of Disease
Suggested References
Section V: The Adolescent
Chapter 46 Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of Disease
Suggested References
Chapter 47 Epilepsy with Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures Alone
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of Disease
Suggested References
Chapter 48 Juvenile Absence Epilepsy
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Suggested References
Chapter 49 New-Onset Seizure in an Adolescent Female
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment Strategies
Contraception
Catamenial Seizures/Epilepsy
Nutrition and Bone Health
Other Issues
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of Disease
Suggested References
Chapter 50 Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Prognosis and Treatment Strategy
Familial Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (FMTLE)
Diagnostic Approach
Prognosis and Treatment Strategy
Epilepsy with Auditory Features (EAF)
Diagnostic Approach
Prognosis and Treatment Strategy
Clinical Pearls
Suggested References
Chapter 51 Unverricht–Lundborg Disease
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of Disease
Suggested References
Chapter 52 Reflex Seizures
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment and Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of Disease
Suggested References
Chapter 53 Sleep-Related Hypermotor Epilepsy
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of Disease
Suggested References
Chapter 54 Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Strategy
Long-Term Outcome
Pathophysiology/Neurobiology of Disease
Suggested References
Index
