Handbook of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine

Cover
Half Title Page
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
About the Companion Website
Nomenclature Used in The Study of Human Disease
Standard Abbreviations for Prescribers
Part I: Pathology of Teeth and Supporting Structures
1. Disorders of Tooth Development and Eruption
1. 1. Anodontia, Hypodontia and Oligodontia
1. 2. Hyperdontia (Supernumerary Teeth)
1.3. Microdontia and Macrodontia
1.4. Gemination, Fusion and Concrescence
1.5. Taurodontism and Dilaceration
1.6. Amelogenesis Imperfecta
1.7. Dentinogenesis Imperfecta
1.8. Dentinal Dysplasia (Dentin Dysplasia)
1.9. Regional Odontodysplasia (Ghost Teeth)
1.10. Delayed Tooth Eruption
1.11. Tooth Impaction (Impacted Teeth)
1.12. Dens Invaginatus and Dens Evaginatus
1.13. Fluorosis (Mottled Enamel)
1.14. Tetracycline-Induced Discoloration of Teeth: Key Features
1.15. Enamel Pearl: Key Features
1.16. Talon Cusp: Key Features
1.17. Hutchinson’s Incisors and Mulberry Molars: Key Features
1.18. Tooth Ankylosis: Key Features
1.19. Supernumerary Roots: Key Features
Recommended Reading
2. Dental caries
2.1. Definition/Description
2.2. Frequency
2.3. Aetiology/Risk Factors/Pathogenesis
2.4. Classification of Caries
2.5. Clinical Features
2.6. Differential Diagnosis
2.7. Diagnosis
2.8. Microsopic Features
2.9. Management
2.10. Prevention
Recommended Reading
3. Diseases of the Pulp and Apical Periodontal Tissues
3.1. Classification of Diseases of the Pulp and Apical Periodontal Tissues
3.2. Pulpitis
3.3. Apical Periodontitis and Periapical Granuloma
3.4. Apical Abscess (Dentoalveolar Abscess)
3.5. Condensing Osteitis
Recommended Reading
4. Tooth Wear, Pathological Resorption of Teeth, Hypercementosis and Cracked Tooth Syndrome
4.1. Tooth wear: Attrition, Abrasion, Erosion, and Abfraction
4.2. Pathological Resorption of Teeth
4.3. Hypercementosis
4.4. Cracked Tooth Syndrome
Recommended Reading
5. Gingival and Periodontal Diseases
5.1. Classification of Gingival and Periodontal Diseases
5.2. Chronic Gingivitis
5.3. Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases
5.4. Plasma Cell Gingivitis
5.5. Foreign Body Gingivitis
5.6. Desquamative Gingivitis
5.7. Chronic Periodontitis
5.8. Aggressive Periodontitis
5.9. Fibrous Epulis (Peripheral Fibroma)
5.10. Peripheral Ossifying/Cementifying Fibroma
5.11. Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma (Giant Cell Epulis)
5.12. Angiogranuloma (Pyogenic granuloma/pregnancy epulis)
5.13. Inflammatory Gingival Hyperplasia (Inflammatory Gingival Enlargement)
5.14. Generalized Gingival Hyperplasia in Pregnancy
5.15. Drug-Induced Gingival Hyperplasia
5.16. Familial Gingival Hyperplasia
5.17. Gingival and Periodontal Abscesses
5.18. Pericoronitis/Pericoronal Abscess
5.19. Gingival Enlargement in Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener’s granulomatosis)
5.20. Gingival Enlargement in Leukaemia
5.21. Gingival Enlargement in Ascorbic Acid Deficiency
Recommended Reading
Part II: Pathology of Jaw Bones
6. Infections and Necrosis of the Jaw
6.1. Acute Suppurative Osteomyelitis
6.2. Chronic Suppurative Osteomyelitis
6.3. Sclerosing Osteomyelitis
6.4. Proliferative Periostitis (Garre’s Osteomyelitis)
6.5. Actinomycosis of the Jaw
6.6. Cervicofacial Cellulitis (Cervicofacial Fascial Space Infection)
6.7. Osteoradionecrosis of the Jaw
6.8. Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
Recommended Reading
7. Cysts of the Jaw
7.1, Radicular, Lateral Radicular, and Residual Radicular Cysts
7.2. Dentigerous Cyst
7.3. Eruption Cyst
7.4. Odontogenic Keratocyst (Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumour)
7.4. Lateral Periodontal Cyst
7.6. Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst
7.7. Orthokeratinized Odontogenic Cyst: Key Features
7.8. Glandular Odontogenic Cyst: Key Features
7.9. Nasopalatine Duct Cyst (Incisive Canal Cyst)
7.10. Pseudocysts of the Jaws: Solitary Bone Cyst, Aneurysmal Bone Cyst, and Stafne’s Bone Cyst
7.11. Nasolabial Cyst: Key Features
Recommended Reading
8. Odontogenic Tumours
8.1. World Health Organization Classification of Odontogenic Tumours (2017)
8.2. Ameloblastoma
8.3. Unicystic Ameloblastoma
8.4. Squamous Odontogenic Tumour
8.5. Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumour (Pindborg Tumour)
8.6. Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumour
8.7. Ameloblastic Fibroma
8.8. Ameloblastic Fibrodentinoma and Ameloblastic Fibro-Odontome
8.9 Odontome (Odontoma)
8.10. Dentinogenic Ghost Cell Tumour
8.11. Odontogenic Myxoma
8.11. Odontogenic Fibroma (Central Odontogenic Fibroma)
8.12. Cementoblastoma
Recommended Reading
9. Non­odontogenic Benign and Malignant Tumours of the Jaw
9.1. Osteoma
9.2. Multiple Osteomas in Gardner’s Syndrome
9.3. Central Haemangioma (Intraosseous Haemangioma)
9.4. Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumour of Infancy
9.5. Osteosarcoma
9.6. Chondrosarcoma: Key Features
9.7. Ewing’s Sarcoma
9.8. Multiple Myeloma (Multiple Myeloma)
9.9. Solitary Plasmacytoma
9.10. Burkitt’s Lymphoma
Recommended Reading
10. Fibro-Osseous and Related Lesions of the Jaw
10.1. Ossifying Fibroma/Cemento-Ossifying Fibroma
10.2. Cemento-Osseous Dysplasias
10.3. Familial Gigantiform Cementoma: Key Features
10.4. Central Giant Cell Granuloma
Recommended Reading
11. Genetic, Metabolic, and Other Non-neoplastic Bone Diseases
11.1. Osteogenesis Imperfecta
11.2. Cleidocranial Dysplasia
11.3. Cherubism
11.4. Gigantism and Acromegaly
11.5. Brown Tumour of Hyperparathyroidism
11.6. Paget’s Disease of Bone (Osteitis Deformans)
11.7. Fibrous Dysplasia and McCune Albright Syndrome
11.8. Mandibular and Palatine Tori: Key Features
11.9. Focal Osteoporotic Bone Marrow Defect (FOBMD): Key Features
Recommended Reading
Part III: Pathology of the Oral Mucosa
12. Developmental Anomalies and Anatomical Variants of Oral Soft Tissues
12.1. Fordyce Granules: Key Features
12.2. Double Lip: Key Features
12.3. Leukoedema: Key Features
12.4. Ankyloglossia: Key Features
12.5. Geographic Tongue: Key Features
12.6. Hairy Tongue: Key Features
12.7. Fissured Tongue: Key Features
12.8. Lingual Thyroid: Key Features
12.9. Microglossia and Macroglossia: Key Features
12.10. Bifid Tongue: Key Features
12.11. Bifid Uvula: Key Features
12.12. Cleft Lip: Key Features
12.13. Calibre Persistent Labial Artery: Key Features
12.14. Epstein’s Pearl and Bohn’s Nodules: Key Features
12.15. Dermoid and Epidermoid Cysts: Key Features
12.16. Oral Varicosities: Key Features
12.17. Lymphoid Aggregates: Key Features
12.18. Parotid Papilla: Key Features
12.19. Circumvallate Papillae: Key Features
12.20. Physiological Pigmentation: Key Features
Recommended Reading
13. Bacterial Infections of the Oral Mucosa
13.1. Scarlet Fever: Key Features
13.2. Syphilis
13.3. Gonorrhoea: Key Features
13.4. Tuberculosis
Recommended Reading
14. Fungal Infections of the Oral Mucosa
14.1. Candidosis (Candidiasis)
14.2. Histoplasmosis
14.3. Blastomycosis: Key Features
Recommended Reading
15. Viral Infections of the Oral Mucosa
15.1. Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis (Primary Herpes)
15.2. Herpes Labialis
15.3. Varicella (Chickenpox)
15.4. Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
15.5. Infectious Mononucleosis (Glandular Fever)
15.6. Oral Hairy Leukoplakia: Key Features
15.7. Cytomegalovirus Infection: Key Features
15.8. Herpangina: Key Features
15.9. Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease
15.10. Squamous Papilloma
15.11. Condyloma Acuminatum: Key Features
15.12. Multifocal Epithelial Hyperplasia: Key Features
15.13. Verruca Vulgaris: Key Features
15.14. Measles: Key Features
Recommended Reading
16. Non-infective Inflammatory Disorders of the Oral Mucosa
16.1. Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
16.2. Oral Lichen Planus
16.3. Oral Lichenoid Lesions
16.4. Pemphigus Vulgaris
16.5. Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
16.6. Erythema Multiforme
16.7. Lupus Erythematosus: Key Features
16.8. Traumatic Ulcer: Key Features
16.9. Oral Lesions In Behcet’s Disease/Syndrome
16.10. Oral Lesions In Crohn’s Disease
16.11. Oral Lesions In Reactive Arthritis (Reiter’s Disease): Key Features
16.12. Uremic Stomatitis: Key Features
16.13. Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis: Key Features
16.14. Radiation-Induced Mucositis: Key Features
16.15. Medication-Induced Oral Ulceration: Key Features
16.16. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Recommended Reading
17. Non-neoplastic Mucosal Swellings
17.1. Irritation Fibroma (Traumatic Fibroma)
17.2. Denture Induced Granuloma (Epulis Fissuratum)
17.3. Fibrous Epulis (Peripheral Fibroma): Key Features
17.4. Pyogenic Granuloma: Key Features
17.5. Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma: Key Features
17.6. Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma: Key Features
17.7. Traumatic Neuroma
17.8. Squamous Papilloma: Key Features
17.9. Congenital Epulis: Key Features
Recommended Reading
18. Benign Neoplasms of the Oral Mucosa
18.1. Lipoma
18.2. Schwannoma (Neurilemmoma)
18.3. Granular Cell Tumour
18.4. Haemangioma
18.5. Lymphangioma
18.6. Leiomyoma (Vascular Leiomyomas): Key Features
18.7. Rhabdomyoma: Key Features
Recommended Reading
19. Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders
19.1. Erythroplakia
19.2. Leukoplakia
19.3. Chronic Hyperplastic Candidosis (Candidal Leukoplakia)
19.4. Palatal Lesions in Reverse Smokers
19.5. Oral Lichen Planus: Key Features
19.6. Oral Submucous Fibrosis
19.7. Oral Lichenoid Lesion
19.8. Lupus Erythematosus
19.9. Actinic Keratosis of the Lip (Actinic Cheilitis)
19.10. Graft-Versus-Host Disease
19.11. Dyskeratosis Congenita
19.12. Sublingual Keratosis: Key Features
19.13. Syphilitic Leukoplakia: Key Features
19.14. Darrier’s Disease: Key Features
Recommended Reading
20. Malignant Neoplasms of the Oral Mucosa
20.1. Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Verrucous Carcinoma
20.2. Melanoma (Malignant Melanoma)
20.3. Kaposi’s Sarcoma
20.4. Fibrosarcoma: Key Features
20.5. Rhabdomyosarcoma: Key Features
20.6. Leiomyosarcoma: Key Features
Recommended Readings
Part IV: Pathology of the Salivary Glands
21. Non-Neoplastic Salivary Gland Diseases
21.1. Salivary Calculi: Key Features
21.2. Mucoceles (Mucous Extravasation Cysts, Mucous Retention Cysts and Ranula)
21.3. Sjögren’s Syndrome
21.4. Sialadenitis: Key Features
21.5. Necrotizing Sialometaplasia: Key Features
Recommended Reading
22. Salivary Gland Neoplasms
22.1. World Health Organization Histological Classification of Salivary Gland Tumours (2017)
22.2. Pleomorphic Adenoma
22.3. Warthin’s Tumour (Papillary Cystadenoma Lymphomatosum)
22.4. Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
22.5. Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Recommended Reading
Part V: Clinical Presentation of Mucosal Disease
23. White Lesions of the Oral Mucosa
23.1. Actinic Cheilitis: Key Features
23.2. Chemical Burn: Key Features
23.3. Chronic Hyperplastic Candidosis: Key Features
23.4. Darier’s Disease (Darier-White Disease): Key Features
23.5. Dyskeratosis Congenita: Key Features
23.6. Fordyce Spots: Key Features
23.7. Frictional Keratosis: Key Features
23.8. Hereditary Benign Intraepithelial Dyskeratosis: Key Features
23.9. Leukoedema: Key Features
23.10. Leukoplakia: Key Features
23.11. Oral Hairy Leukoplakia: Key Features
23.12. Oral Lichen Planus: Key Features
23.13. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Key Features
23.14. Pseudomembranous Candidosis: Key Features
23.15. Smokeless Tobacco Induced Keratosis: Key Features
23.16. Smoker’s Keratosis: Key Features
23.17. Sublingual Keratosis: Key Features
23.18. Syphilitic Leukoplakia: Key Features
23.19. Verrucous Carcinoma: Key Features
23.20. White Hairy Tongue: Key Features
23.21. White Sponge Nevus: Key Features
Recommended Reading
24. Red and Purple Lesions of the Oral Mucosa
24.1. Contact Stomatitis: Key Features
24.2. Desquamative Gingivitis: Key Features
24.3. Erythema Migrans: Key Features
24.4. Erythema Multiforme: Key Features
24.5. Erythematous Candidosis: Key Features
24.6. Erythroplakia: Key Features
24.7. Haemangioma: Key Features
24.8. Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia: Key Features
24.9. Infectious Mononucleosis: Key Features
24.10. Kaposi’s Sarcoma: Key Features
24.11. Linear Gingival Erythema: Key Features
24.12. Lupus Erythematosus: Key Features
24.13. Median Rhomboid Glossitis: Key Features
24.14. Mucosal Ecchymosis, Haematoma and Petechiae: Key Features
24.15. Plasma Cell Gingivitis: Key Features
24.16. Port Wine Nevus: Key Features
24.17. Radiation Mucositis: Key Features
24.18. Thermal Erythema: Key Features
Recommended Reading
25. Blue, Black, and Brown Lesions of the Oral Mucosa
25.1. Addison’s Disease: Key Features
25.2. Amalgam Tattoo: Key Features
25.3. Black/Brown Hairy Tongue: Key Features
25.4. Drug Induced Pigmentation: Key Features
25.5. Heavy Metal Pigmentation: Key Features
25.6. Laugier-Hunziker Syndrome: Key Features
25.7. Melanoma: Key Features
25.8. Melanotic Macule: Key Features
25.9. Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome: Key Features
25.10. Physiologic Pigmentation: Key Features
25.11. Pigmented Nevi: Key Features
25.12. Smoker’s Melanosis: Key Features
Recommended Reading
26. Vesiculobullous Lesions of the Oral Mucosa
26.1. Angina Bullosa Haemorrhagica: Key Features
26.2. Bullous Lichen Planus: Key Features
26.3. Dermatitis Herpetiformis: Key Features
26.4. Epidermolysis Multiforme: Key Features
26.5. Hand-Foot and Mouth Disease: Key Features
26.6. Herpes Zoster (Shingles): Key Features
26.7. Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid: Key Features
26.8. Pemphigus Vulgaris: Key Features
26.9. Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis: Key Features
26.10. Herpes Labialis: Key Features
Recommended Reading
27. Ulcerative Lesions of the Oral Mucosa
27.1. Oral Ulcers in Agranulocytosis: Key Features
27.2. Oral Ulcers in Behcet’s Disease: Key Features
27.3. Oral Ulcers in Celiac Disease: Key Features
27.4. Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis: Key Features
27.5. Oral Ulcers in Crohn’s Disease: Key Features
27.6. Oral Ulcers in Cyclic Neutropenia: Key Features
27.7. Cytomegalovirus Ulcers: Key Features
27.8. Eosinophilic Ulcer: Key Features
27.9. Gangrenous Stomatitis: Key Features
27.10. Necrotizing Sialometaplasia: Key Features
27.11. Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis: Key Features
27.12. Oral Ulcers in Reactive Arthritis: Key Features
27.13. Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers: Key Features
27.14. Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presenting as an Ulcer: Key Features
27.15. Syphilitic Ulcers: Key Features
27.16. Traumatic Ulcer: Key Features
27.17. Tuberculous Ulcer: Key Features
27.18. Oral Ulcer in Ulcerative Colitis: Key Features
Recommended Reading
28. Papillary Lesions of the Oral Mucosa
28.1. Condyloma Acuminatum: Key Features
28.2. Multifocal Epithelial Hyperplasia (Heck’s Disease): Key Features
28.3. Oral Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia: Key Features
28.4. Squamous Papilloma: Key Features
28.5. Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Key Features
28.6. Verruca Vulgaris (Oral Warts): Key Features
28.7. Verrucous Carcinoma: Key Features
Recommended Reading
Part VI: Orofacial Pain
29. Orofacial Pain
29.1. Odontogenic Orofacial Pain
29.2. Neuropathic Orofacial Pain
29.3. Other Conditions with Orofacial Pain
Recommended Reading
Part VII: Miscellaneous Topics of Clinical Relevance
30. Oral Manifestations of Systemic Disorders
30.1: Gastrointestinal and Liver Disorders
30.2: Cardiovascular Disease
30.3: Respiratory Disease
30.4. Kidney Diseases
30.5. Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
30.6. Nervous System Disorders
30.7. Hematologic Disorders
30.8. Immune System Disorders
Reference
Recommended Reading
31. Systemic Diseases Associated with Periodontal Infections
31.1. Cardiovascular Disease
31.2. Coronary Heart Disease (Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Infarction)
31.3. Stroke
31.4. Infective Endocarditis
31.5. Bacterial Pneumonia
31.6. Low Birth Weight
31.7. Diabetes Mellitus
Recommended Reading
32. Other Signs and Symptoms Related to the Oral Environment
32.1. Halitosis
32.2. Taste Disorders
32.3. Dry mouth (Xerostomia)
32.4. Sialorrhea
32.5. Trismus
32.6. COVID-19 Infection
Recommended Reading
33. Outline of Diagnostic Steps and Procedures Employed in Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine
33.1. History
33.2. Clinical Examination
33.3. Clinical Differential Diagnosis
33.4. Diagnosis
Recommended Reading
Index
EULA