Handbook of MRI Pulse Sequences

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Author(s): Matt A. Bernstein, Kevin F. King, Xiaohong Joe Zhou
Edition: 1
Year: 2004

Language: English
Pages: 1040
Tags: Медицинские дисциплины;Клинические методы диагностики, лабораторная диагностика;Магнитно-резонансная томография;

Front Cover......Page 1
Handbook of MRI Pulse Sequences......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Contents......Page 8
Forewords......Page 16
Preface......Page 18
PART I: Background......Page 24
Introduction......Page 26
1.1 Fourier Transforms......Page 28
1.2 Rotating Reference Frame......Page 44
PART II: Radiofrequency Pulses......Page 52
Introduction......Page 54
2.1 Rectangular Pulses......Page 58
2.2 SINC Pulses......Page 60
2.3 SLR Pulses......Page 66
2.4 Variable-Rate Pulses......Page 81
3.1 Excitation Pulses......Page 90
3.2 Inversion Pulses......Page 100
3.3 Refocusing Pulses......Page 107
4.1 Composite Radiofrequency Pulses......Page 119
4.2 Magnetization Transfer Pulses......Page 126
4.3 Spectrally Selective Pulses......Page 138
5.1 Multidimensional Pulses......Page 148
5.2 Ramp (TONE) Pulses......Page 161
5.3 Spatial Saturation Pulses......Page 171
5.4 Spatial-Spectral Pulses......Page 176
5.5 Tagging Pulses......Page 187
6.1 Adiabatic Excitation Pulses......Page 200
6.2 Adiabatic Inversion Pulses......Page 212
6.3 Adiabatic Refocusing Pulses......Page 223
PART III: Gradients......Page 236
Introduction......Page 238
7.1 Simple Gradient Lobes......Page 242
7.2 Bridged Gradient Lobes......Page 245
7.3 Gradients for Oblique Acquisitions......Page 251
8.1 Frequency-Encoding Gradients......Page 266
8.2 Phase-Encoding Gradients......Page 279
8.3 Slice Selection Gradients......Page 289
9.1 Diffusion-Weighting Gradients......Page 297
9.2 Flow-Encoding Gradients......Page 304
10.1 Concomitant-Field Correction Gradients......Page 315
10.2 Crusher Gradients......Page 328
10.3 Eddy-Current Compensation......Page 339
10.4 Gradient Moment Nulling......Page 354
10.5 Spoiler Gradients......Page 372
10.6 Twister (Projection Dephaser) Gradients......Page 380
PART IV: Data Acquisition k-space Sampling,and Image Reconstruction......Page 386
Introduction......Page 388
11.1 Bandwidth and Sampling......Page 390
11.2 k-Space......Page 401
11.3 Keyhole, BRISK, and TRICKS......Page 406
11.4 Real-Time Imaging......Page 417
11.5 Two-Dimensional Acquisition......Page 428
11.6 Three-Dimensional Acquisition......Page 447
12.1 Cardiac Triggering......Page 466
12.2 Navigators......Page 477
12.3 Respiratory Gating and Compensation......Page 496
13.1 Fourier Reconstruction......Page 514
13.2 Gridding Reconstruction......Page 529
13.3 Parallel-Imaging Reconstruction......Page 545
13.4 Partial Fourier Reconstruction......Page 569
13.5 Phase Difference Reconstruction......Page 581
13.6 View Sharing......Page 590
PART V: Pulse Sequences......Page 596
Introduction......Page 598
14.1 Gradient Echo......Page 602
14.2 Inversion Recovery......Page 629
14.3 Radiofrequency Spin Echo......Page 653
15.1 Black Blood Angiography......Page 671
15.2 Phase Contrast......Page 682
15.3 TOF and CEMRA......Page 701
16.1 Echo Planar Imaging......Page 725
16.2 GRASE......Page 763
16.3 PRESTO......Page 786
16.4 RARE......Page 797
17.1 Arterial Spin Tagging......Page 825
17.2 Diffusion Imaging......Page 853
17.3 Dixon's Method......Page 880
17.4 Driven Equilibrium......Page 911
17.5 Projection Acquisition......Page 920
17.6 Spiral......Page 951
Appendix I: Table of Symbols......Page 978
Appendix II: Table of Constants and Conversion Factors......Page 983
Appendix III: Common Abbreviations......Page 986
Index......Page 988