Handbook Of Environmental Sociology

Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction: A Twenty-First Century Public Environmental Sociology
Broader Contributions
Major Themes Across Chapters
Part I: Inequality, Political Economy, and Justice
Part II: Energy, Climate, and Health
Part III: Culture, the State, and Institutions
Part IV: Population, Place, and Possibilities
Insights and Intended Impacts
References
Part I: Inequality, Political Economy, and Justice
Chapter 2: Intersectionality and the Environment
Introduction: What Is Intersectionality?
Intersectional Socioecological Theoretical Traditions
Gender and Development
Ecofeminism and Feminist Political Ecology
Postcolonial Feminism and Indigenous Studies
Why Intersectionality Matters
Risk and Vulnerability
Democracy and Government
Environmental Justice Movements
Expanding Intersectionality and the Environment: Centering Marginalized Perspectives
Queer Ecology
Critical Animal and Plant Studies
Methodological Considerations
Intersectional Praxis
Quantitative Methods
Spatial
Deepening Future Intersectionality and Environment Research
References
Chapter 3: Environmental Justice
Introduction
Environmental Justice Studies: Social Inequalities and Risk
Movements for Environmental Justice, Food Justice, and Climate Justice
Food Justice
Climate and Energy Justice
Theorizing Environmental Injustice and Social Difference
Political Economic Approaches and Class Inequalities
Critical Analyses of Race and Space
Gender and Environmental Inequality
New Directions and Key Emerging Concepts and Frameworks
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Ecologically Unequal Exchange and Environmental Load Displacement
Introduction
Historical Roots
Early Theory Development and Empirical Research
Current Research
Future Directions
Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Consumption
Introduction
Consumption and Environmental Degradation
Consumption and Ecological Overshoot
Patterns of U.S. Household Consumption and Carbon Emissions
Incorporating Households into Environmental Sociology
Explaining Consumption Upscaling
Social Status and Peer Influences
Habits, Routines and Practice Theory
The Global Middle Class
A Future for Sustainable Consumption?
Technology and Consumption
Sustainability and New Consumer Practices
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Corporations and the Environment
Introduction
The Corporation in Treadmill of Production and Ecological Modernization Theories
Contributions from Organizational, Economic and Political Sociology
Patterns of Corporate Environmental Harm and Innovation
Explaining Variation in Corporate Environmental Harm and Innovation
Internal Organizational Structures and Cultures
External Operational Environments
The State, Corporations, and the Environment
Corporations, Other Markets Organizations, and the Environment
Corporations, Social Movements, and the Environment
Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: Just Transitions and Labor
Introduction
Why Is a ``Just´´ Transition Needed?
Political Economy of Capitalism
Colonialism and the Global Economy
Racism
Patriarchy
Emergence of the Concept
Social Movement Demands for Just Transitions
Variations in Just Transition
Market-Based
State-Led and Eco-Modernist
Post-Capitalist
Is a Just Transition Possible?
Limited Gains
Building Coalitions
Alternative Ideas and Real Utopias
Conclusion
References
Part II: Energy, Climate, and Health
Chapter 8: Sociology of Energy
Introduction
Progress toward a Sociology of Energy
Historical Perspectives on Energy from Fossil Fuels: Power, Poverty, and Reproduction of Structural Inequality
Energy Boomtowns and Social Disruption
Socio-Economic Natural Resource Dependence and Poverty
Inequality, Injustice, and Extractive Energy Development
Coal´s Socio-Environmental Impacts
Unconventional Oil and Gas Production´s Socio-Environmental Impacts
Socio-Environmental Impacts of Uranium Extraction and Nuclear Waste
Socio-Environmental Impacts of Refineries and Fossil Fuel Power Plants
Socio-Environmental Impacts of Renewable Energy
Conclusions: Emerging Trends and Steps toward a Unified Sociology of Energy
Steps Forward
References
Chapter 9: Risk
Definitions of Risk and Related Concepts
Risk, Power, and Expertise
Theoretical Approaches to Risk
Realist and Constructionist Perspectives
Risk Perception
Risk Society
Governmentality
Cultural Perspectives
Organizational Perspectives
Environmental Sociology and Risk
Environmental Health
Environmental Justice and Inequality
Conclusion
References
Chapter 10: Sociology and Climate Change: A Review and Research Agenda
Introduction: Changing Sociology
Drivers of Climate Change: Globalization and Industries
Consumerism, Green Consumerism, and Public Opinion on Climate Change
Inequality and the Social Dimensions of Climate Impacts
Responses to Climate Change: Policy Responses, Social Movements, and the Opposition to Climate Action
Policy Responses to Climate Change
Social Movements
Opposition to Climate Action
A Research Agenda/Way Forward
References
Chapter 11: Sociology of Disasters
Introduction
Why Sociologists Study Disasters: A Brief History and Overview
What the Sociology of Disaster Has Revealed: Human Behavior in Collective Stress Situations
Convergence Behavior
Panic and Prosocial Behavior
Crime and Conflict
How Disasters Reflect the Existing Social Order: Social Inequality and Group-Based Patterns
The Future of the Field: Disaster Sociology for a More Turbulent and Unequal World
References
Chapter 12: Environmental Factors in Health
A Brief History of Environmental Illness
The Chemical Revolution
Early Struggles for Recognition
Community-Based Campaigns for Environmental Health and Justice
Regulatory Neglect
Community Concerns Ignored by Regulatory Agencies
The Politics of Measurement
Personal Care and Consumer Products
Alternative Approaches to Regulation and Research
Contaminated Communities and Environmental Sociology
Contested Environmental Illness
Exposure Experience
New Research Methods and Sensibilities
Community-Based Participatory Research
Advocacy Biomonitoring
CBPR Approaches to Biomonitoring and Household Exposure
Civic Science
Developing a Transdisciplinary Approach
Public Sociology for Environmental Health
Toward Environmental Health and Justice for all
The Importance of Federal Funding
The Regulatory Climate
Manufacturers and Consumers
Back to the Grassroots
References
Chapter 13: Food Insecurity
Introduction
The Food Desert and Food Swamp Frames
The Food Oasis and Food Grassland Frames
Food Consumption, Health, and Place
Food Justice and Food Sovereignty
Urban Farming and Gardening as a Food Acquisition Strategy
Conclusion
References
Part III: Culture, the State, and Institutions
Chapter 14: Animals in Environmental Sociology
Introduction
Domestic Animals
Companions
Agricultural Animals
Working Animals
Display Animals
Animals in Disasters
Liminal Animals
Wilderness Animals
Conclusion
References
Chapter 15: Religion and the Environment
Introduction
Defining Religion
Religious Worldviews
Religious Practice
Religious Ecology
Conclusion
References
Chapter 16: Environmental Governance
Introduction
Environmental Sociological Perspectives on Environmental Governance
Environmental Governance and the Environmental State
Hybrid Arrangements
The Role of the State
Multi-Scale and Hybrid Arrangements
Studying Environmental Governance
Network Measurement
Networks and Environmental Governance
Socio-Ecological Networks
Policy Networks and Environmental Governance
Understanding Environmental Governance Through Social and Policy Networks
Studying Climate Policy Networks
Studying Urban Environmental Stewardship Networks
Conclusion
References
Chapter 17: Green Criminology
Background: Criminology and Green Criminology
Conceptualizing Green Crimes and Harms
Political Economy and Green Criminology: A Brief History
Green Criminology and the Treadmill of Production
Ecological Withdrawals and PEG-C Explanations and Research
Ecological Additions and PEG-C Explanations and Research
Environmental Justice and PEG-C Explanations and Research
PEG-C, Environmental Sociology and Moving Beyond the Treadmill
Exploitation
Metabolic/Ecological Rift
Ecologically Unequal Exchange
International Issues: Human Rights, Environmental Justice and Indigenous Peoples
Conclusion
References
Chapter 18: War and the Environment
Introduction
The Historical Transformation of War and the Environmental Scars of War
Revolutionizing Industry and Warfare
The Environmental Legacy and Ongoing Threat Posed by U.S. Militarism
Lessons from Environmental and Military History
The Post-Cold War Study of Violence and the Environment
Treadmill Theories
Geopolitical Competition and Treadmill Dynamics
International Trade and Military Power
The Dynamic Interplay of Economic and Military Institutions and Treadmills
The Path Forward
Conclusion
References
Part IV: Population, Place, and Possibilities
Chapter 19: Environmental Demography
Demographic Dynamics and Their Mediating Factors
Environmental Dimensions of Human Fertility Patterns
The Vicious Circle Model
Land Availability: Farm Size and Tenure
Fertility Following Natural Disasters
The Environmental Dimensions of Human Migration
Migration´s Environmental Aspects
Environmental ``Push´´ Factors
Migration´s Environmental Impact
Environmental ``Pull´´ Factors
Environmental Dimensions of Population Health
An Overview of Climate-Health
Innovative Considerations of Climate-Health in African Settings
Climate and Mental Health
The Complex Relationship Between Migration, Health, and Climate
Conclusion
References
Chapter 20: Land Use and Land Use Change
Introduction
The Historical Context for Land Use Changes: An Emerging `Anthropocene´
The Movement: Globalization and Land Use Change
Agricultural Expansion and the Acceleration of Tropical Deforestation, 1960-2015
Urban Sprawl
The Counter Movements: Landscape Preservation and Restoration
Forest Preservation and Restoration in Rural Regions of the Global South
Conservation in the Exurban Outskirts of Cities
Going Beyond the Local Counter Movements: Climate Change and Global Land Use Planning
References
Chapter 21: Structural Human Ecology
Towards a Structural Human Ecology
Population and Evolutionary Thinking
Reconciling the Micro and the Macro
Uncertainty
Reform Versus Transformation
All the Drivers Matter
Other Species Matter
Looking Forward
References
Chapter 22: Environmental Science and Technology Studies
Situating Environmental STS
Neo-extractivismo and Sociotechnical Regimes
Ignorance and the Politics of Undone Science
Mobilizing Environmental Science
Conclusion
References
Chapter 23: Towards an Indigenous Environmental Sociology
Indigenous Ecologies: Traditional Management and Traditional Knowledge
Sovereignty
Colonialism and Settler-Colonialism
Colonial Ecological Violence
Environmental Reproduction and Reproductive Justice
Visions Moving Forward
References
Chapter 24: Environmental Movements in the United States
Introduction
Building National Organizational Infrastructures
Environmental Justice
Radical Ecology
Putting Cases in Context
Environmental Countermovements
Activities
Protest
Scientific Activism
Working with the State
Corporations as Target and as Partner
Outcomes
Environmental Policy
Building Markets
Future
References
Chapter 25: Socio-Ecological Systems
Introduction
Socio-Ecological Systems: Conceptual Provenance
Systems Thinking Versus Traditional Thinking
Understanding the End Game: Sustainable Development, Regenerative Development, and Socio-Ecological Resilience
Sustainable Development
Resilience
Regenerative Development
Discussion and Conclusion
References