Handbook of biomass downdraft gasifier engine systems

Handbook of Biomass Downdraft Gasifier Engine Systems......Page 2
Organization and Use......Page 3
1.1 Role of Gasification in Biomass Conversion......Page 10
1.2 Biomass Energy Potential......Page 11
1.3 Guide to Gasification Literature......Page 12
2.1 Historical Development......Page 15
2.3 Future Development Directions......Page 16
3.2 Biomass Fuel Analysis......Page 18
3.3 Other Fuel Parameters......Page 21
3.4 Beneficiation of Biomass Fuels......Page 25
4.2 Biomass Thermal Conversion Processes......Page 30
4.3 Indirect and Direct Gasification Processes......Page 34
4.4 Principles of Operation of Direct Gasifiers......Page 36
4.5 Charcoal Gasification......Page 37
4.6 Summary......Page 38
5.2 Basic Gasifier Types......Page 39
5.4 Charcoal versus Biomass Fuels......Page 40
5.7 The Imbert Downdraft Gasifier......Page 41
5.8 The Stratified Downdraft Gasifier......Page 47
5.9 Tar-Cracking Gasifiers......Page 51
5.10 Summary......Page 55
6.3 Methods of Construction......Page 57
6.5 Instruments and Controls......Page 58
7.3 Description of Producer Gas and Its Contaminants......Page 60
7.4 Gas Sampling......Page 64
7.5 Physical Gas-Composition Testing......Page 66
7.6 Chemical Gas Composition......Page 70
7.7 Analysis of Test Data......Page 75
7.8 Particle-Size Measurement......Page 76
8.1 Introduction......Page 80
8.2 The Power Theory of Gas Cleanup......Page 81
8.5 Particle Movement and Capture Mechanisms......Page 83
8.6 Dry Collectors......Page 84
8.7 Wet Scrubbers......Page 93
8.8 Disposal of Captured Contaminants......Page 101
9.2 Storing, Feeding, and Sealing Solids......Page 102
9.3 Fans, Blowers, Ejectors, and Compressors......Page 104
9.4 Flares and Product-Gas Burners......Page 106
10.2 Gasifier Instruments......Page 108
10.3 Controls......Page 112
10.4 Computer Data Logging and Control......Page 113
11.5 Sizing the Gas Producer to the Engine......Page 114
11.7 Cogeneration......Page 115
11.8 Spark-Ignition Engine Conversion......Page 116
11.9 Two-Cycle Engine Conversion......Page 119
11.10 Diesel Engine Conversion......Page 120
11.11 Increasing Power from Producer-Gas-Fueled Engines......Page 122
11.12 Engine Life and Engine Wear......Page 124
11.14 Other Devices for Producer-Gas Power Generation......Page 126
12.2 Toxic Hazards......Page 128
12.3 Fire Hazards......Page 131
12.4 Environmental Hazards......Page 132
13.2 Logistcs Assessment......Page 133
13.3 Economics......Page 134
13.4 Cost Benefits......Page 137
13.6 Other Considerations......Page 138
References......Page 140
Appendix......Page 148