This Guide provides defi nitions, a series of indicators, and an analytic
framework designed to assist in evaluating an insurgency. Analysts
with knowledge of the political, military, cultural, and socioeconomic
characteristics of a specifi c insurgency will fi nd these defi nitions and the
framework helpful in analyzing the confl ict. Among other things, this Guide
is intended to assist in conducting net assessments of specifi c confl icts.
- This booklet updates the Guide to the Analysis of Insurgency published
in the mid-1980s.
- The defi nitions, indicators, and framework contained in this Guide draw
on commonalities and best practices identifi ed in the original Guide
to the Analysis of Insurgency, classic and contemporary insurgency
and counterinsurgency literature, academic journals, other offi cial US
Government publications, and case studies.
No two insurgencies are identical, and this Guide is not intended to
provide a one-size-fi ts-all template. No insurgency is unique in all aspects,
however, and most share some combination of characteristics, tactics, and
objectives. Most pass through similar stages of development during their
life cycle. These commonalities are the focus of this Guide, but analysts
should note that the specifi c insurgencies they are examining will probably
not exhibit all of the characteristics or undertake all of the activities
addressed in the Guide.
Publisher: US Government
Year: 2012
Defi nitions 1
Common Characteristics of Insurgency 2
Common Insurgent Typologies 3
The Life Cycle of an Insurgency and Keys to Analysis 5
Preinsurgency Stage 5
Preexisting Conditions 5
Grievance 6
Group Identity 7
Recruitment and Training 7
Arms and Supplies 8
Government Reaction 8
Incipient Confl ict Stage 10
Insurgent Leadership 10
Theory of Victory 10
Insurgent Unity 11
Popular Support 11
Insurgent Logistics 11
Government Leadership 12
Security Force Effectiveness 12
External Support for the Government 12
Open Insurgency Stage 13
Political Factors 13
Military Factors 13
External Assistance 15
Resolution Stage 17
Insurgent Victory 17
Negotiated Settlement 18
Government Victory 20
Graphic: Insurgency Life Cycle 22
Enduring Qualities of Insurgency
and Counterinsurgency 23
Appendix A | Framework for Analyzing Insurgency 26
Appendix B | Defi ning “Insurgency” 28