Groundwater and Water Quality: Hydraulics, Water Resources and Coastal Engineering

Contents
About the Editors
1 Identification of the Parameters to Estimate the Capillary Rise from Shallow Groundwater Table Using Field Crop Experiments
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Models Used for the Investigation
1.3 Study Area
1.4 Field Crop Experiments
1.5 Performance Evaluation Indicator for Models
1.6 Results and Discussions
1.7 Conclusion
References
2 Study of Groundwater Table Fluctuations in the Command Area of Bhagwanpur Distributary of the Eastern Gandak Project
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The Study Area
2.3 Methodology
2.4 Results and Discussion
2.5 Conclusions
Appendices
References
3 Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediments from Exploratory Wells for Riverbank Filtration Sites Impacted by Extreme Environmental Conditions Using Principal Component Analysis
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials and Methods
3.2.1 Study Area
3.2.2 Soil and Sediment Sampling and Analysis
3.2.3 Water Sampling and Analysis
3.2.4 Principal Component Analysis
3.3 Results and Discussion
3.3.1 Heavy Metal Concentrations in Soil and Aquifer Sediments of Exploratory Well Mathura
3.3.2 PCA of Heavy Metals in Soil and Aquifer Sediments of Exploratory Well Mathura
3.3.3 Heavy Metal Concentrations in Water Samples from Exploratory Well Mathura
3.3.4 Heavy Metal Concentrations in Soil and Aquifer Sediments of Exploratory Well Agra
3.3.5 PCA of Heavy Metals in Soil and Aquifer Sediments of Exploratory Well in Agra
3.3.6 Heavy Metal Concentrations in Water Samples from Exploratory Well Agra
3.3.7 Synthesis of PCA and Vertical Distribution of Heavy Metals in Exploratory Well Sediments
3.4 Summary and Conclusions
References
4 Simulation of Re-Aeration Coefficient Using Anfis and Arima Models
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Study Area and Database
4.2.1 Study Area
4.2.2 Data Collection and Analysis
4.3 Methodology
4.3.1 Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System
4.3.2 Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average
4.3.3 Evaluation of ANFIS and ARIMA Models
4.4 Results and Discussion
4.4.1 Model Input
4.4.2 Selection of Best ANFIS Model
4.4.3 Hybrid ANFIS-ARIMA
4.5 Conclusion
References
5 Identification of Unknown Number of Clandestine Groundwater Contamination Source Locations and Their Release Flux History
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Methodology Development
5.2.1 Illustration of the Study Area
5.3 Results and Discussion
5.4 Conclusions
References
6 Development of Multiple Linear Regression Model for Heavy Metal Prediction Around Eklahare Thermal Power Plant, Nashik, Maharashtra
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Study Area
6.3 Materials and Methods
6.3.1 Data Analysis and Model Development
6.4 Results and Discussion
6.4.1 Correlation Analysis
6.4.2 MLR Model
6.5 Conclusion
References
7 Integrated Approach for Groundwater Recharge Assessment—A Review
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Materials and Methodology
7.3 Factors Influencing Groundwater Recharge
7.3.1 Lithology/Geology
7.3.2 Slope
7.3.3 Geomorphology
7.3.4 Land Use/land Cover
7.3.5 Groundwater Contour
7.3.6 Soil Type
7.3.7 Drainage
7.3.8 Lineaments
7.3.9 Rainfall
7.3.10 Iso Resistivity
7.4 Suitability Map for Groundwater Recharge and Discussion
7.4.1 Decision Support System
7.5 Conclusion
References
8 Effect of Indira Sagar Dam on the Health Assessment of Narmada River
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Methodology
8.2.1 Flood Frequency Analysis
8.2.2 Base Flow Separation
8.2.3 Median Flow Duration Curve
8.2.4 Colwell Indices
8.2.5 Timing of Annual Extreme Water Conditions
8.2.6 Persistently Higher Flow (PH)
8.3 Persistently Lower Flow (PL)
8.3.1 Persistently Very Low Flow (PVL)
8.3.2 Seasonality Flow Shift (SFS)
8.3.3 Small Floods
8.3.4 Rate of Water Condition Change
8.4 Results and Discussion
8.4.1 Effect of Water Regulation in Low-Flow Season
8.5 Effect of Flood Control
8.5.1 Predictability of Flow
8.5.2 Storage Affecting Base Flow
8.5.3 Persistent Change in River Condition
8.5.4 Seasonality of Water Flow Conditions
8.5.5 Rate of Water Change Condition
8.6 Conclusion
References
9 Study and Modelling of Trace Contaminant Transport Under Drowned Condition
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Objectives
9.3 Description on MIM Model of Cr(VI) Transport
9.4 Experimental Methodology
9.4.1 Fixed Bed Column Study
9.5 Results and Discussion
9.5.1 Effect of Resin Dosage
9.5.2 Effect of Solution pH
9.5.3 Isotherm Study
9.5.4 Kinetic Study
9.5.5 Fixed Bed Column Study
9.6 Conclusion
References
10 ANN Modeling of Groundwater Development for Irrigation
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Present Study
10.3 Zonal Cropping Pattern
10.4 Study Area
10.5 Data
10.6 Artificial Neural Network
10.7 Development of ANN Models
10.8 Results and Discussion
10.9 Conclusion
References
11 Assessment of Groundwater Quality with Special Reference to Arsenic in Ballia District, Uttar Pradesh, India
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Materials and Methodology
11.3 Results and Discussion
11.3.1 Groundwater Chemistry
11.3.2 Water Type and Hydro-chemical Facies
11.3.3 Suitability of Groundwater for Drinking Purposes
11.3.4 Arsenic Occurrence and Its Suitability for Drinking Purposes
11.3.5 Suitability for Irrigation Uses
11.3.6 Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR)
11.4 Conclusion
References
12 Assessment of Hydraulic and Geoelectric Parameters of the Aquifers and Their Relationship Using Vertical Electrical Sounding in Gurpur Watershed, West Coast of India
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Study Area
12.2.1 Geology
12.3 Materials and Methods
12.3.1 Data Acquisition
12.3.2 Interpretation of Resistivity Sounding Data
12.4 Results and Discussion
12.4.1 Qualitative and Quantitative VES Analysis
12.4.2 Hydraulic and Geoelectric Parameters
12.5 Conclusion
References
13 Performance Monitoring and Re-design of a Traditional Household Filter Unit for Simultaneous Removal of Iron and Fluoride from Groundwater of Assam
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Material and Methods
13.2.1 Monitoring of a Traditional Indigenous Household Filter Unit
13.2.2 Wooden Charcoal
13.2.3 River Sand
13.2.4 Adsorption Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies of Fe(II) and F− Uptake from Mono- and Binary-Ion Systems Using Groundwater Samples
13.2.5 Analytical Methods Used
13.3 Results and Discussion
13.3.1 Performance of a Traditional Indigenous Household Filter Unit
13.3.2 Adsorption Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies of Fe(II) and F− Uptake from Mono- and Binary-Ion Systems Using Groundwater Samples
13.3.3 Proposed Design Modification of a Field Filter Unit
13.4 Summary
References
14 Applications of Cascade Feed Forward Neural Network for Modelling of Coagulant Dose in a Drinking Water Treatment Plant: Comparative Study
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Material and Methods
14.2.1 Study Area
14.2.2 Methodology
14.3 Results and Analysis
14.4 Conclusions
References
15 A Conceptual Understanding of Groundwater Levels Using Data-Driven Model—A Case Study in Hyderabad, India
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Study Area
15.3 Data and Methods
15.3.1 Data Used
15.3.2 Methodology
15.4 Results and Discussions
15.4.1 Lateral Flow Estimation
15.4.2 Calibration and Validation of the Model
15.5 Conclusions
References
16 Assessment of Groundwater Quality of the Aquifer Adjacent to River Bharalu in Guwahati City, Assam, India
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Study Area
16.3 Methodology
16.4 Results and Discussion
16.5 Conclusions
References
17 Groundwater Modelling Using Coupled Model SWAT-MODFLOW in the Hiranyakeshi Sub-Watershed
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Study Area
17.3 Methods and Methodology’s
17.3.1 Data Required for SWAT and SWAT-MODFLOW Model
17.3.2 SWAT Model
17.3.3 Description of SWAT Model
17.3.4 HRU Analysis
17.3.5 Weather Stations Data
17.4 Calibration and Validation of SWAT Model
17.4.1 SWAT-MODFLOW Model
17.4.2 SWAT-MODFLOW Model Set-Up & Execution
17.5 Result and Discussion
17.5.1 SWAT Model Results
17.5.2 Results of SWAT Calibration and Validation
17.5.3 Modflow Head
17.6 Conclusion
References
18 Effect of Rainfall on Groundwater Levels in Sina Basin, Maharashtra
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Study Area
18.3 Methodology
18.3.1 Steps Involved in the Analysis
18.3.2 Trend Analysis
18.3.3 ArcGIS 10.3
18.3.4 Moving Average
18.3.5 Water Level Residual
18.4 Data Used
18.5 Results and Discussions
18.5.1 Thiessen Polygon of Study Area
18.5.2 Contours of Ground-Water Level
18.5.3 Trend Detection
18.5.4 Groundwater Water Level Residuals and Rainfall Patterns
18.6 Conclusions
References
19 Management of Arsenic Sludge Using Solidification
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Materials and Methods
19.2.1 Preparation of Arsenic Residual Sludge
19.2.2 Preparation of Solidified Matrices
19.2.3 Semi Dynamic Leachability Test
19.2.4 Diffusion Coefficient (De) and Leachability Index as Per Penetration Theory
19.2.5 Analytical Method
19.3 Results and Discussion
19.3.1 Characterization of Solidified Matrices
19.3.2 Leaching of Arsenic from Solidified Matrices
19.3.3 Diffusion Coefficient and Leachability Index as Per Penetration Theory
19.4 Conclusions
References
20 Assessment of Water Quality Index of Tapi River: A Case Study of Surat City
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Study Area
20.3 Methodology & Data Collection
20.4 Result & Result Analysis
20.4.1 For Monsoon Season
20.4.2 For Post-Monsoon Season
20.4.3 For Pre-Monsoon
20.4.4 Comparison of Water Quality Index (WQI)
20.5 Conclusion
References
21 Spatial Variability of Groundwater Quality Parameters of East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Materials and Methods
21.2.1 Study Area
21.2.2 Data Collection
21.2.3 Semivariogram Modeling
21.2.4 Spatial Structure of Quality Parameters
21.2.5 Kriging
21.2.6 Model Selection and Cross Validation
21.2.7 Groundwater Quality Parameters
21.3 Results and Discussion
21.4 Conclusions
References
22 Pumping Optimization for Saltwater Intrusion Management in a Coastal Aquifer with Combined Use of Sharp Interface and Density Dependent Models
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Methodology
22.2.1 Sharp Interface Model
22.2.2 Density Dependent Model
22.2.3 Formulation of Pumping Optimization Problem
22.2.4 Particle Swarm Optimization
22.2.5 Linking of Sharp Interface Model with Density Dependent Model
22.3 Results and Discussion
22.3.1 Development of Hypothetical Study Area
22.3.2 Performance Evaluation of the Developed Model
22.4 Conclusions
References
23 Two-Dimensional Laboratory-Scale Experiments on Saltwater Intrusion Dynamics
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Methodology
23.2.1 Laboratory Experimental Setup
23.2.2 Experimental Methods
23.3 Physical Model Simulations
23.3.1 SEAWAT Model Settings
23.3.2 FEFLOW Model Settings
23.4 Results
23.5 Conclusions
References
24 GIS Based Groundwater Potential Zone Identification Using AHP for Ponnaniyaru Watershed, Tamil Nadu, India
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Study Area and Materials Used
24.3 Methodology
24.3.1 Geomorphology
24.3.2 Lineament
24.3.3 Landuse and Landcover
24.3.4 Geology
24.3.5 Slope
24.3.6 Soil
24.3.7 Drainage Density
24.3.8 Rainfall
24.4 Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
24.5 Results and Discussion
24.6 Conclusion
References
25 Development of Groundwater Recharge Relationship with Rainfall for Thane District
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Study Area
25.3 Methodology
25.4 Results and Discussion
25.5 Conclusions
Reference
26 Changes in Water Quality of River Ganga Passing Through Urban Cities with Remote Sensing and GIS Support
26.1 Introduction
26.2 The Study Area and Data Collection
26.3 Methodology
26.3.1 Water Quality Data Collection and Analysis Procedure
26.3.2 Satellite Data Collection and Analysis Procedure
26.4 Results and Discussion
26.5 Conclusions
References
27 A Review on the Various Cost Effective Water Filtration Techniques
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Review of Different Cost-Effective Technologies
27.3 Conclusion
References
28 Analysis of Location of Oil Spills and Use of Marine Tar in Bituminous Road Construction Collected Near Alibaug Beaches (Maharashtra)
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Objectives of Study
28.3 Causes of Formation of Tar Balls
28.4 Methodology Used
28.4.1 Kihim Beach
28.4.2 Revdanda Beach
28.5 Effects of Tar Balls
28.6 Use of Remote Sensing in Detection of Location of Oil Spill
28.7 Use of Marine Tar Balls in Bituminous Road Construction
28.8 Conclusion
Bibliography
29 A Study on Assessment of Groundwater Resources in a Basin by Water Table Fluctuation Method
29.1 Introduction
29.2 Study Area
29.3 Data Used
29.4 Methodology
29.5 Results and Discussions
29.6 Conclusions
Bibliography
30 Simulation of Soil Moisture Movement and Solute Transport Characteristics in Parts of Malaprabha Sub Basin
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Study Area
30.3 Modelling Using HYDRUS-1D
30.4 Simulation of Water and Solute Movement Using HYDRUS-1D Model
30.4.1 Input Data
30.5 Simulation Results
30.6 Conclusion
References
31 Oxygenation in Turbulent Flows Over Block Ramps
31.1 Introduction
31.2 Experimental Setup and Data Collection
31.3 Data Analysis
31.4 Results
31.4.1 Uniform Flow Properties
31.4.2 Average Oxygen Concentration (Om)
31.5 Conclusions
References
32 Seasonal Variations of Major Ion Chemistry and Solute Fluxes of Meltwater of River Bhagirathi, a Himalayan Tributary, India
32.1 Introduction
32.2 Study Area
32.3 Sampling and Methodology
32.4 Results and Discussions
32.5 Conclusion
References
33 Gis Approach to Identify the Influence of Rock Water Interaction and Land Use Land Cover on Groundwater Quality Degradation
33.1 Introduction
33.2 Location and Geomorphology
33.3 Datasets and Methodology
33.4 Results and Discussions
33.5 Conclusions
References