The recent mass shooting of 22 innocent people in El Paso by a lone White gunman looking to "Kill Mexicans" is not new. It is part of a long, bloody history of anti-Latina/o violence in the United States. Gringo Injustice brings this history to life, shedding critical light on the complex relationship between Latinas/os and the United States’ legal and judicial system.
Contributors with first-hand knowledge and experience, including former law enforcement officers, ex-gang members, attorneys, and community activists, share insider perspectives on the issues facing Latinas/os and initiate a critical dialogue on this neglected topic. Essays examine the unauthorized use of deadly force by police and patterned incidents of lynching, hate crimes, gang violence, and racial profiling. The book also highlights the hyper-criminalization of barrio youth and considers wide-ranging implications from the disproportionate imprisonment of Latinas/os. Gringo Injustice provides a comprehensive and powerful look into the Latina/o community’s fraught history with law enforcement and the American judicial system. It is an essential reference for students and scholars interested in intersections between crime and communities of Color, and for use in Sociology, Latino Studies, Ethnic Studies, Chicano Studies, Criminology, and Criminal Justice.
Author(s): Alfredo Mirandé
Publisher: Routledge
Year: 2019
Language: English
Pages: 240
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
List of figures
List of contributors
Preface
Introduction
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848
Gringo Injustice
Gringos and Greasers
Police Killings of Latinos
The Structure of the Book
Notes
References
Public Document
Cases Cited
PART I: State-Sanctioned Violence
1. A History of Anti-Latino State-Sanctioned Violence: Executions, Lynchings, and Hate Crimes
Introduction
Latino Lynching: A Brief History
Contemporary Backlash Against Immigrants in the Public Sphere
Hate Crimes and State Violence against Latinos
Lynching by Another Name
Conclusion
Notes
References
Cases Cited
2. Officer-Involved Shootings of Latinos: Moving Beyond the Black/White Binary
The Existing Data
Early Patterns from New Data
Conclusion
Policy Suggestions
Notes
References
3. Interest-Convergence Theory and Police Use of Deadly Force on Latinos: A Case Study of Three Shootings
Methods
Interest-Convergence Theory: An Overview
“Los Tres Disparos”: Three Police Shootings
The Move Forward Project: A Pilot Program in Community-Police Engagement
Holistic Policing
Conclusion
Notes
References
Cases Cited
4. Killing Ismael Mena: “The SWAT Teams Feared for Their Lives…”
Introduction
SWAT Anatomy of a Murder
The Informant and the Police Cover-Up
Public Outrage over “No-Knock” Search Warrants
The Justice for Mena Committee (“JMC”)
“Settled but Not Solved”: Aftermath of the Shooting
Postscript: Police Policing Themselves
Notes
References
PART II: The Youth Control Complex
5. The Street Terrorism and Enforcement Act: A New Chapter on the War on Gangs
The War on Gangs in the 1940s: Sleepy Lagoon and the Zoot-Suit Riots
Penal Code §186.22: Legislative History, Overview, and Implications
Attempted Murder Charges Against the 4th Street Boys
Reflections
Notes
References
Cases Cited
Statutes Cited
6. Latino Street Gangs, La EME, and the Short Corridor Collective
Introduction
Gang “Banging” History
The Zoot-Suit Charade
La Eme Infusion
Neighborly Protection
The “Buzz” Experience
Sureños
The “Corridor-4” Conundrum
The Twenty-first-Century Morphing of Street Gangs
Kings of the Asphalt Jungle
The Anti-Discrimination Principle and the Short Corridor Collective
Notes
References
Cases Cited
7. “Captives while Free”: Surveillance of Chicana/o Youth in a San Diego Barrio
Pachucas, Pachucos, and el Zoot-Suit
The Panopticon in the Barrio
Panopticism and Its Effects
I Am Still Here, I Am Still Alive”: Jewelz’s Story
“The Homegirl Lets Me Push the Stroller”: Rana’s Story
“I Am Being Watched”: Pelón’s Story
Barrio Pico and the Panoptic Effect
Conclusion
Notes
References
8. Hyper-Criminalization: Gang-Affiliated Chicana Teen Mothers Navigating Third Spaces
Introduction
Chicana Feminism: (Third Space) Where the
Public and Private Meet
“A Homegirl’s Nightmare”: Estefania
“You’re Not Gonna Make It”: Monica
“Invading My Space”
Conclusion
Notes
References
PART III: Race, Citizenship, and the Law
9. “A Class Apart”: The Exclusion of Latinas/os from Grand and Petit Juries
Hernandez v. Texas, 347 U.S. 475 (1954)
“Personhood” and Equal Protection in Historical
Perspective
Jury Exclusion and the Fourteenth Amendment
Is Use of Peremptories to Exclude Bilingual Jurors
Prohibited Under the Fourteenth Amendment?
Bilingual Classifications Should be Subjected to Strict
Scrutiny Because Bilingualism is a Fixed, Relatively
Immutable Characteristic
Exclusion from Grand Juries: The East LA Thirteen and Common-Sense Racism
Conclusion
Notes
References
Cases Cited
10. Whiteness, Mexican Appearance and the Fourth Amendment
Whiteness as Property
Fourth Amendment: Origins and Historical Overview
Does the Exclusionary Rule Apply in Civil Deportation Hearings?
Are INS Factory Raids Seizures?
Are Mexican Nationals Protected by the Fourth Amendment?
Are Fixed Checkpoints and Secondary Inspections Constitutional?
Roving Patrols and Racial Profiling of Mexicans
Conclusion
Note
References
Cases Cited
Index
