This edited book presents nanotechnology-based approaches to improve quality of biofuels production. It covers the use of different nanomaterials in various biofuels production methods and their sustainable utility analysis to improve production of biofuels at economical and mass scale. Environmentally friendly, low cost, and synthesis via green and renewable resources are the main key features covered by this book. Advantages and sustainability scope of green and renewable material to synthesize nanomaterial and reduction in synthesis cost over to chemical synthesis cost have been discussed in this book. The book also explores various green synthesis possibilities to synthesize nanomaterials that are frequently involved in biofuels production process as catalysts. Various feasible mechanisms have also been explained. Maximum and sustainable use of green nanomaterials at every step of biofuels production is also one of the major focuses of this book. It covers mega audiences, which include academician, researchers, and industries people. This book will be highly interesting for researchers and scientists as well as related industries.
Author(s): Manish Srivastava, Maqsood Ahmad Malik, P. K. Mishra
Series: Clean Energy Production Technologies
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 276
City: Singapore
Contents
Chapter 1: Biomass Based Materials for Green Route Production of Energy
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Biomass and Bio-Energy Parameters
1.3 Steps and Parameters in Bio-Energy Production
1.4 Green Route for Energy Production
1.4.1 Biomass for Energy Production
1.4.2 Bio-catalyst for Energy
1.4.3 Biomass for Trans-esterification
1.4.4 Bio-catalyst for Pyrolysis
1.4.5 Biomass Gasification for Syngas
1.4.6 Biomass Materials for Fuel Cells
1.4.7 Biomass Derived Products for Batteries
1.5 Advanced Technologies for Energy Production
1.6 Summary
References
Chapter 2: Green Synthesized Bimetallic Nanomaterials for Bioenergy Applications
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Comparison Between Monometallic Nanoparticles (MNPs) and Bimetallic Nanoparticles (BNPs)
2.3 Classification of Bimetallic Nanoparticles
2.4 Architectures of Bimetallic Nanoparticles
2.5 Green Synthesis of Bimetallic Nanoparticles
2.6 Applications of Bimetallic Nanomaterials
2.7 Bimetallic Nanomaterial as Catalysts toward Bioenergy Production
2.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles for Biofuel Production
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Feedstocks and Challenges for Biofuel Production
3.2.1 Edible Feedstocks
3.2.2 Non-edible Feedstocks
3.3 Fundamentals of Nanomaterials and its Significance in Biofuel Production
3.4 Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles
3.4.1 Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Using Plant Extracts
3.4.2 Nanoparticles Synthesis Using Bacteria
3.4.3 Nanoparticles Synthesis Using Microalgae
3.4.4 Non-biological Green Route for Synthesis of Nanoparticles
3.4.5 Factors Affecting for the Synthesis of Nanoparticles
Influence of pH
Influence of Reactant Concentration
Influence of Reaction Time
Influence of Reaction Temperature
3.5 Functionalization of Metallic Nanoparticles
3.6 Application of Green Synthesized Nanoparticles for Biofuel Production
3.6.1 Iron-Based Nanoparticles
3.6.2 Manganese Based Nanoparticles
3.6.3 Other Green Nanocatalyst for Biofuel Production
3.7 Conclusion and Future Prospective
References
Chapter 4: Recent Advances in Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles Via Green Route and Their Application in Biofuel Production
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Green Synthesis of Iron-Based Nanoparticles
4.2.1 Microorganism-Based Synthesis
4.2.2 Plant-Mediated Synthesis
4.2.3 Biocompatible Reagents Based Synthesis
4.2.4 Microwave-Assisted Synthesis
4.3 Potential Mechanism of Iron-Based Nanoparticles Via Green Route
4.4 Influence of Various Parameters on the Green Synthesized Iron Nanoparticles
4.4.1 Effect of Stabilizing/Capping Agents
4.4.2 Effect of Solution pH
4.4.3 Effect of Operating Temperature
4.5 Application of Iron Nanoparticles in Biofuel Generation
4.6 Toxicity Study and Environmental Risk
4.7 Challenges and Future Perspectives
4.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Green Synthesized Carbon and Metallic Nanomaterials for Biofuel Production: Effect of Operating Parameters
5.1 Introduction
5.2 A Brief Overview of Biofuels and It Types
5.2.1 Liquid Forms of Bioenergy
5.2.2 Gaseous Forms of Bioenergy
5.3 Conventional Approaches to Generate Biofuels
5.4 Types of Nanomaterials Used in Biofuel Production
5.5 Potential of Nanomaterials for Biofuel Production
5.5.1 Liquid Biofuel Production
5.5.2 Gaseous Biofuel Production
5.6 Green Synthesis Approaches for the Preparation of Nanomaterials
5.7 Factor Affecting the Performance of Nanomaterials
5.7.1 Temperature
5.7.2 Pressure
5.7.3 pH of the Medium
5.7.4 Morphological Characteristics
5.8 Future Prospective
5.9 Conclusions
References
Chapter 6: Biosynthesis of TiO2 Nanoparticles and Their Application as Catalyst in Biodiesel Production
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Biosynthesis of TiO2 NPs Using Plants
6.3 Biosynthesis of TiO2 NPs Using Microorganisms
6.3.1 Biosynthesis of TiO2 NPs Using Fungi and Yeast
6.3.2 Biosynthesis of TiO2 NPs Using Bacteria
6.3.3 Biosynthesis of TiO2 NPs Using Enzymes
6.4 Application of TiO2 NPs in Biodiesel Production
6.4.1 Transesterification Reaction Using TiO2 NP Catalyst
6.4.2 Esterification Reaction Using TiO2 NP Catalyst
6.4.3 Simultaneous Transesterification and Esterification Reaction Using TiO2 NP Catalyst
6.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: Phyco-Nanotechnology: An Emerging Nanomaterial Synthesis Method and Its Applicability in Biofuel Production
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Nanoparticles
7.2.1 Physicochemical Properties of Nanoparticles
7.3 Synthesis of Nanoparticles
7.3.1 Conventional Methods
Chemical Methods
Microemulsions
The Polyol Method
Thermal Decomposition
Electrochemical Synthesis
Physical Methods
Pulsed Laser Method
Microwave Irradiation
Sonochemical Reduction
Gamma Radiation
7.3.2 Green Route Synthesis
Plant
Bacteria
Fungi
Algae
7.4 Alga-Mediated Nanoparticle Synthesis
7.4.1 Types of Algae Used for Nanoparticle Synthesis
Brown Algae
Red Algae
Blue-Green Algae
Green Algae
7.5 Potential of Nanoparticles in Biofuel Production
7.5.1 Role of Nanotechnology in Algal Biofuel Production
Nanotechnological Advancement in Light Exposure
Nanotechnological Advancement in Downstream Harvesting
Lipid Extraction by Nanotechnology
Nanomaterials Application in Transesterification
7.6 Conclusion
7.7 Future Aspects
References
Chapter 8: Fungi-Mediated Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Their Renewable Energy Applications
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Techniques and Criteria Used in Characterization
8.2 Biological Synthesis of Nanoparticles
8.2.1 Factors That Play a Role in Nanoparticle Synthesis
pH
Reactant Concentration
Reaction Time
Reaction Temperature
8.3 Fungi in Nanoparticle Synthesis
8.3.1 Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Yeast
8.3.2 Pharmaceutical Importance of Fungi
8.4 Renewable Energy Applications
8.4.1 Nanoparticles in Biohydrogen Production
8.4.2 Nanoparticles in Biogas Production
8.4.3 Nanoparticles in Biodiesel Production
8.4.4 Nanoparticles in Bioethanol Production
8.4.5 Nanoparticles in the Bioenergy Production
8.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9: Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Plants and Their Renewable Energy Applications
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Parameters for the Synthesis of Nanoparticles
9.1.2 Synthesis of Nanoparticles
9.2 Metals in Nanoparticles Synthesis
9.2.1 Ag (Silver) Nanoparticles
9.2.2 Au (Gold) Nanoparticles
9.2.3 Pd and Pt Nanoparticles
9.2.4 Cu (Copper) Nanoparticles
9.2.5 Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles
9.2.6 Titanium Oxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles
9.3 Renewable Energy Applications
9.3.1 Bioethanol
9.3.2 Biodiesel
9.3.3 Biogas
9.3.4 Biohydrogen
9.4 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
Chapter 10: Recent Advances in Conversion of Agricultural Waste to Biofuel by Nanoparticles
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Categorization of Biofuels Based on Their Feedstock Sources
10.2.1 First Generation Biofuel
10.2.2 Second Generation Biofuel
10.2.3 Third Generation Biofuel
10.3 Biological Methods for Nanomaterials Synthesis
10.4 Agricultural Residues as a Raw Material for Biofuel Production
10.5 Application of Nanotechnology for Biofuel Production
10.6 Conventional Technologies for Biomass to Biofuel Conversion
10.7 Role of Nanomaterials in Biofuel Production
10.7.1 Application of Nanomaterials for the Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass
10.7.2 Nano-immobilization of Biocatalyst and Their Application in Biofuel Generation
10.7.3 Nanomaterial Synthesis Approaches
10.7.4 Techniques for Immobilization of Nanomaterials
10.8 Nano-immobilization of Enzymes
10.8.1 Cellulase Immobilization by Magnetic Nanoparticles
10.8.2 Metallic Nanoparticles Mediated Enzyme Immobilization
10.8.3 Cellulase Immobilization by Carbon Nanotubes
10.8.4 Nano-immobilization of Lipase Enzyme
10.8.5 Lipase Immobilization by Magnetic Nanoparticles
10.8.6 Metallic Nanoparticles Based Lipase Immobilization
10.8.7 Lipase Immobilization by Carbon Nanotubes
10.8.8 Nanocomposite-Based Lipase Immobilization
10.9 Biofuel Production by Using Nano-immobilized Catalysts
10.9.1 Bioethanol Production
10.9.2 Biohydrogen Production
10.9.3 Biogas Generation
10.9.4 Biodiesel Production
10.10 Concerns Associated with Use of Nanocatalyst for Human Health and Environmental Safety
10.11 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
