Green Internet of Things for Smart Cities: Concepts, Implications, and Challenges

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Editors
Contributors
1 Green-IoT (G-IoT): Technological Need for Sustainable Development and Smart World
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Huge Electronic Waste
1.1.2 Energy Consumption
1.1.3 CO₂ Emissions, Radiation Exposure, and Greenhouse Effect
1.2 Green IoT
1.2.1 Focus of Green IoT
1.2.2 Green IoT Technologies and Green Environment
1.2.3 Green IoT Implementation/Communication Components
Green Internet Technologies
Green RFID Tags
Green Wireless Sensor Network
Green Cloud Computing
Green Data Centers
Green M2M
1.3 Approaches for Green IoT
1.3.1 Hardware Based Green IoT Techniques
1.3.2 Software Based Green IoT Techniques
1.3.3 Habitual Based Green IoT Techniques
1.3.4 Awareness Based Green IoT Techniques
1.3.5 Policy Based Green IoT Techniques
1.3.6 Recycling Based Green IoT Techniques
1.4 Principles for Green IoT
1.5 Applications of Green IoT
1.6 Future Research Directions of Green IoT
Bibliography
2 Green Internet of Things (G-IoT): A Solution for Sustainable Technological Development
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Internet of Things
2.2.1 The IoT Technology Stack
2.2.2 Connectivity Options Inside the IoT Stack
Short-Range IoT Network Solutions
Medium-Range Solutions:
Long-Range Wide Area Networks (WAN) Solutions
2.2.3 Enabling Technology for IoT
2.2.4 IoT Characteristics
2.2.5 Architecture of IoT
2.2.6 Ecosystem of IoT
2.3 Green IoT
2.3.1 Key Technologies of Green IoT
2.3.2 Application of Green IoT
2.4 IoT Big 7: IoT—Challenges and Problems
2.4.1 IoT Scalability
2.4.2 Interoperability of IoT
2.4.3 IoT Reliability
2.4.4 IoT Efficiency
2.4.5 IoT Availability
2.4.6 IoT Software
2.4.7 IoT Security
2.5 Incorporating IoT and Cloud Computing for Addressing Intrinsic Challenges of IoT
2.5.1 Scalability Via Cloud Computing
2.5.2 Interoperability Through Cloud Computing
2.5.3 Functionality Via Cloud Infrastructure
2.5.4 Efficiency Through Cloud Computing
2.5.5 Availability
2.6 Summary and Conclusions
References
3 Green-IoT (G-IoT) Architectures and Their Applications in the Smart City
3.1 Introduction
3.2 What Is IoT?
3.3 Green IoT
3.4 A Better IoT
3.5 Problems/Challenges/Issues—G-IoT
3.6 Methods of G-IoT
3.7 Contribution to World
3.8 Future Scope of G-IoT
3.9 Conclusion
Bibliography
4 Practical Implications of Green Internet of Things (G-IoT) for Smart Cities
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Introduction to IoT
4.2.1 Applications of IoT
4.2.2 Opportunities
4.2.3 Barrier to Entry and Future Challenges of IoT
4.3 Overview of Green IoT
4.3.1 Green IoT Lifecycle
4.3.2 Technologies for Green IoT
4.3.3 Applications
4.3.4 Issues and Future Investigation Directions
4.4 Smart City Overview
4.4.1 Characteristics
4.4.2 Applications
4.5 Features of Green IoT Smart Cities
4.5.1 Green Smart Home
4.5.2 Green Smart Office
4.5.3 Green Smart Healthcare Systems
4.5.4 Green Smart Farming
4.5.5 Green Smart Grids
4.5.6 Green Smart Transport System
4.5.7 Green Smart Waste Management System
4.5.8 Green Smart Environment
4.6 IoT Structural Design for Smart Cities
4.7 Conclusion and Future Directions
Bibliography
5 Green IoT and Big Data: Succeeding Towards Building Smart Cities
5.1 Introduction to Internet of Things
5.1.1 Green Internet of Things
5.1.2 Application of Green IoT
Smart Cities
Smart Grid
Smart Transport
Smart Manufacturing and Smart Factories
Smart Health
5.2 Introduction to Big Data
5.2.1 Applications of Big Data
Health Care
Banking and Securities Industry
Communications, Media, and Entertainment
Education
Manufacturing and Marketing
Agriculture
5.2.2 Big Data Technologies and Terminologies
Hadoop Ecosystem
Cascading
Scribe
Apache HBase
Mango DB
Spark
R
Data Lakes
NoSQL Database
5.3 Role of Green IoT and Big Data for Building Smart Cities
5.3.1 Smart Meters
5.3.2 Smart Trash Management System
5.3.3 Smart City Surveillance Systems
5.3.4 Smart Education
5.4 Summary
Bibliography
6 Green Internet of Things (G-IoT) Application: AI Based Smart Farming
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Targeted Areas and Objectives
6.3 Our Contribution
6.4 Basic Algorithm for the Given Solution
6.5 Components Used
6.5.1 Soil Sensor
6.5.2 Water Level Sensor
6.5.3 Rain Sensor
6.5.4 Ultrasonic Sensor
6.5.5 Temperature and Humidity Sensor
6.6 Proposed Solution
6.7 Results
6.8 Conclusion
Bibliography
7 Efficient Green Solution for a Balanced Energy Consumption and Delay in the IoT-Fog-Cloud Computing
7.1 Introduction
7.2 An Architecture for Assessing Green Solutions Using IoT
7.3 Conclusion
Bibliography
8 Mobility Management in Green IoT
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Electronic Physical Structures
8.3 Existing Turns of Events
8.4 Remote Sensor Structures
8.5 The Open Tornado Stage
8.6 Noteworthiness Limit
8.7 Cloud Affiliations
8.8 Vitality of the Board Structures
8.9 Cash Related and Normal Effect Assessment
8.10 Conclusion
Bibliography
9 Social Distance Monitoring in Smart Cities Using IoT
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Methodology
9.3 Application of MSHB
9.4 Working and Features
9.5 Challenges
9.6 Conclusion
Bibliography
10 Sustainable Solution for Load Forecasted EHV Charging Station in Smart Cities
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Green Smart Cities
10.3 Electric Vehicles
10.3.1 Battery Electric Vehicles
10.3.2 Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
10.3.3 Battery Chargers for EVs
10.4 Implications
10.4.1 Solar Energy
10.4.2 Wind Energy
10.5 Challenges
10.6 Solution Through Internet of Things
References
11 Disputes and Challenges in IoT (Internet of Things) Applications: A Literature Survey
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Literature Review
11.2.1 Big Data Analytics
11.2.2 Security and Privacy
11.2.3 IoT for Healthcare
11.2.4 Services and Related Issues of IoT
11.3 Conclusion
References
12 Security and Privacy for a Green Internet of Things
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Background
12.2.1 Identification, Sensing and Communication Technologies
12.3 Security Requirements
12.4 Security Requirements in IoT Architecture
12.4.1 Sensing Layer and IoT End-Nodes
12.4.2 Network Layer
12.4.3 Service Layer
12.4.4 Application-interface Layer
12.4.5 Cross-Layer Threats
12.5 Threats Caused in Maintenance of IoT
12.5.1 Security and Privacy Issues Within the Internet of Things
12.5.2 Various Challenges in IoT Development
12.6 Security Architecture
12.6.1 Security Principles
12.6.2 Open Questions
12.6.3 Future Directions of Research
12.7 Conclusion
Bibliography
13 Anomaly Detection Over SDN Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning for Securing Smart City
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Software-Defined Network
13.2.1 Security Over SDN
13.2.2 Types of Network Attacks
13.2.3 Evaluation Metrics
13.2.4 Machine Learning Algorithms for Anomaly Detection
13.2.5 Deep Learning Algorithms for Anomaly Detection
13.3 Machine Learning and Internet of Things
13.4 IoT and Smart City
13.5 Smart Energy, Smart Mobility, and Smart Citizens
13.6 Big Data and IoT With Machine Learning
13.7 Machine Learning Applications to IoT and IoT Security
13.8 Features of IoT Environment
13.9 Conclusion
References
14 Edge AI With Wearable IoT: A Review On Leveraging Edge Intelligence in Wearables for Smart Healthcare
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Literature Survey
14.2.1 Related Work for Wearable Technology
14.2.2 Related Work for Edge Computing
14.2.3 Related Work for Deep Learning
14.2.4 Related Work for Edge Intelligence
14.3 Role of AI, Edge Computing and Wearable IoT
14.3.1 Wearable IoT Framework for Smart Healthcare
14.3.2 Wearable IoT Devices
14.3.3 Edge Computing for Smart Healthcare
14.3.4 Edge Computing Framework
14.4 Artificial Intelligence for Smart Healthcare
14.4.1 Deep Learning Algorithm
14.4.2 Use Cases Scenario in Healthcare
14.4.2.1 Human Activity Recognition
14.4.2.2 Fall Detection
14.5 Edge Artificial Intelligence—Deep Learning On Edge
14.5.1 Edge Intelligence Framework for Smart Healthcare
14.6 Conclusion
Bibliography
15 An Approach to IoT Framework and Implementation of DoS Attack
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Related Work
15.3 Background Protocols and Applications
15.3.1 IoT Applications
15.4 Classification of IoT Architectures
15.4.1 Three-Layer Architecture
15.4.2 Five-Layer Architecture
15.4.3 Seven-Layer Architecture
15.5 Case Study
15.5.1 Experimental Test-Bed Details
15.5.2 Attack Scenario
15.5.3 Execution Steps
15.6 Conclusion
Bibliography
16 WSN Based Efficient Multi-Metric Routing for IoT Networks
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Motivation and Problem Statement
16.3 Related Work
16.4 Model for An Energy Efficient IoT
16.4.1 Proposed Work Description
16.4.2 Estimation of Energy Consumption
16.4.3 Estimation of Link Time of a Node
16.4.4 Data Traffic Load Estimation of a Node
16.5 Simulation Setup
16.6 Results and Discussions
16.7 Conclusion
Bibliography
17 Green Cloud Computing: A Step Towards Environment Sustainability Using Live Virtual Machine Migration
17.1 Introduction
17.1.1 Carbon Footprint Challenges and in Cloud Energy Consumption
17.1.2 Environment Friendly Cloud Computing: Green Computing
17.2 Background
17.3 Server Consolidation for Energy Efficiency
17.3.1 Need of Virtualization
17.3.2 Methodology: Energy Efficiency Using LVMM (Live VM Migration)
17.4 Conclusion
Bibliography
18 Smart Education Technology: Design Research of Future Formal Learning Environment in Smart Cities
18.1 Introduction
18.1.1 Smart Classroom and Its Needs
18.1.2 Highlights of Smart Classrooms
18.2 What Is the Internet of Things?
18.2.1 Elements of IoT
18.2.2 Focus
18.2.3 Factors Prompting Accomplishment of IoT in Education Sector
18.2.4 How is the Education Sector Using IoT for Progress?
18.2.5 Applications
18.3 Related Work
18.4 Green – IoT
18.5 Green Education System
18.6 Future of Research Directions
18.7 Conclusion
Bibliography
Index