Green Infrastructure: Materials and Applications

Preface
Summary
Contents
Recycled Plastic Bottles as Sustainable Materials
1 Introduction
2 Physical and Chemical Properties of Pet Bottles
3 Plastic Waste as Potential Construction Material
4 Performance of Recycled PET Fibre in Concrete
5 Recycled Plastic Bottle as Plastic Bricks
6 Construction of Houses Using Plastic Bricks
7 The Manufacturing Process of Plastic Brick
8 The Performance of Plastic Brick
9 Future and Challenges of Using Pet Plastic Bottle as Plastic Bricks in Malaysian Construction Industry
10 Conclusions
References
Performance of Alkaline-Activated Cement Paste Toward Repairing and Rehabilitation on Concrete Structure
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Details
2.1 Sample Preparation
2.2 Application Testing on Concrete Cube Filled with Alkaline-Activated Plain and Paste Contained 5% POFA with and Without 5.2 mL Sodium Silicate Solution (Tambah Teori and Formula)
2.3 Compression Test
3 Result and Analysis
3.1 UPV Test on Cement-Filled Cored Concrete
3.2 Compressive Strength of Concrete Cube Filled with Cement Paste
3.3 Relationship Between Pulse Velocity with Compressive Strength of Concrete Cube Filled with Alkaline-Activated Plain and Paste Contained 5% POFA with and Without 5.2 mL Sodium Silicate Solution
4 Conclusion
5 Recommendation
References
Physical Properties of Activated Pofa Cement Paste for Repair and Retrofitting Purposes
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Details
2.1 Material Preparation
2.2 Sample Preparation
2.3 Sample Testing
3 Result and Discussion
3.1 Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test
3.2 Compressive Strength Test
3.3 The Relationship Between Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Compressive Strength
4 Conclusion
References
A Review on Tin Slag Polymer Concrete as Green Structural Material for Sustainable Future
1 Introduction
2 Polymer Concrete as Replacement to Cement Concrete Material
3 Application of Conventional Polymer Concrete
4 Tin Slag Polymer Concrete As Potential Structural Material
5 Highlight on Previous Study in Tin Slag as Aggregates in Polymer Concrete
6 Discussion and Suggestion
7 Conclusion
References
The Effect of Waste Paper Sludge Ash Addition to the Fresh and Hardened Properties of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Methodology
3.1 Mix Design
3.2 Slump Test
3.3 Compressive Strength Test
3.4 Water Absorbtion Test
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Slump Test
4.2 Water Absorption
4.3 Compressive Strength Test
4.4 Relationship Between Water Absorption and Compressive Strength
5 Conclusion
References
Flexural Performance of Strengthened Glued Laminated (GLULAM) Timber Beam Using Glass Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP)
1 Introduction
2 Flexural Strength of Timber Member
2.1 Glued Laminated Timber
2.2 Glass Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP)
3 Materials and Methods
3.1 Glulam Beam Design Details
3.2 Flexural Test
4 Result and Discussion
4.1 Pattern of Failure
4.2 Load Capacity of Light Red Meranti Specimens
4.3 Modulus of Elasticity (MoE)
4.4 Modulus of Rupture (MoR)
5 Conclusion
References
Overview on Bending and Rolling Shear Properties of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) as Engineered Sustainable Construction Materials
1 Introduction
2 Manufacturing Process Of CLT
3 Bending Properties Of CLT
3.1 Factors Affecting Bending Properties
3.2 Failures Modes of Bending Test
4 Rolling Shear Properties of CLT
4.1 Factors Affecting Rolling Shear Properties
4.2 Failure Modes of Rolling Shear Test
5 Applications of CLT in the Construction Industry
5.1 CLT Panels as Floor and Walls Structures
6 Challenges, Limitations and Future of CLT
7 Conclusions
References
Delamination Test for Mengkulang Timber Species Using Methods A and C
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Method
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Analysis of the Flexural Strength of Reinforced Beam with Bamboo by Empirical Modeling Using Statistical Model
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Research Methodology
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Collected Data and Selection Variables
4.2 Plotting Graphs
4.3 Developing Models
4.4 Summary of Flexural Strength Models
4.5 Validation
4.6 Selecting the Suitable Model
5 Conclusion
References
Application of Pavement Evaluation for Road Maintenance and Rehabilitation
1 Introduction
2 Pavement Life-Cycle
3 Pavement Performance and Evaluation
4 Performance Indicator
4.1 Visible Distress
4.2 Structural Adequacy
4.3 Surface Friction
4.4 Roughness/Serviceability
5 Data Analysis and Determination of the Suitable Type of Rehabilitation
6 Maintenance and Rehabilitation Strategies
6.1 Maintenance
6.2 Rehabilitation
6.3 Reconstruction
7 Conclusion
References
Performance Evaluation of Stone Mastic Asphalt Containing Steel Fibre as Additive
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Preparation of Marshall Samples
2.2 Marshall Stability and Flow Test
2.3 Cantabro Loss Test
2.4 Dynamic Creep Test
2.5 Resilient Modulus Test
3 Results and Analysis
3.1 Marshall Stability and Flow Test
3.2 Cantabro Loss Test
3.3 Dynamic Creep Test
3.4 Resilient Modulus Test
4 Conclusion
References
Post-construction Complexity Factors Impacting Infrastructure Project Performance in Malaysia
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Conceptual Framework and Research Hypothesis
4 Methodology
4.1 Research Approach
4.2 Target Respondents and Sampling Design
4.3 Questionnaire Design
4.4 Data Analysis
5 Results and Discussion
5.1 Respondent’s Demographic Characteristics
5.2 Reliability and Validity (Rasch Model)
5.3 Measurement Model
5.4 Structural Model Assessment
6 Discussion
7 Conclusion
References
SWOT Analysis of Green Technology Application for the Development of Low Carbon Cities
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Research Methodology
3.1 Questionnaire Survey
3.2 Interviews with Experts
3.3 Data Analysis
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Determination of the Current Understanding on Green Technology and Low Carbon City Concept
4.2 Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats of Green Technology Adoption in Development of Low Carbon City
4.3 Interviewee’s Opinion on the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats of Green Technology Adoption in Development of Low Carbon City
5 Recommendation and Way Forward
6 Conclusion
References
Governance Practices in Poverty Alleviation Projects: Case Study from Stewardship-Driven Perspective and Sustainability Context
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
2.1 Poverty Alleviation
2.2 Governance in Poverty Alleviation
2.3 The Gap of Project Governance in Poverty Alleviation
3 Methodology
3.1 Study Approach
3.2 Selection of Cases
3.3 Selection of Informants
3.4 Data Collection
3.5 Validity and Reliability
4 Findings
4.1 Background of Case Study
4.2 The Findings
5 Discussion
5.1 Altruistic Empathy
5.2 Intrinsic Motivation
5.3 Effective Leadership
5.4 Decision Making
5.5 Shared Vision
6 Conclusion
7 Recommendations and Limitation
References
Interception Loss of Tree Canopy as Green Infrastructure
1 Introduction
1.1 Hydrological Cycle
1.2 Interception Loss, IL
1.3 Throughfall, Tf
1.4 Stemflow, Sf
1.5 Original Gash Model
2 Methodology
2.1 Study Area
2.2 Canopy Characteristics
2.3 Rainfall (P) Measurement
2.4 Throughfall (Tf) Measurement
2.5 Stemflow (Sf) Measurement
2.6 Data for Gash Model Procedure
3 Research Findings and Discussion
3.1 Data from Study Area
3.2 Interception Loss by Gash Model
4 Conclusion
References
Evaluation of Parameters for Sustainability Assessment of Green Infrastructure in the Urban Water System
1 Background of the Study
2 Related Literature Studies
3 Study Area
4 Parameters Identification For Assessment Of Urban Water Infrastructure
4.1 Analytic Hierarchy Process Method
5 Parameters Identification For Assessment Of Urban Water Infrastructure
5.1 AHP Analysis for the Environmental Dimension
5.2 AHP Analysis for the Economic Dimension
5.3 AHP Analysis for the Social Dimension
6 Conclusions
References
Freshwater Lobster Production-Green Aquaponics Perennial System (FLP-GAPS): A Green Community-Based Social Enterprise (CBSE) for B40 in Sabah
1 Introduction
2 Freshwater Lobster Production—Green Aquaponics Perennial System Project
3 Community-Based Social Enterprise under FLP-GAPS
4 Suggestion and Conclusion
References
An Edible Cutleries Using Green Materials: Sorghum Flour
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
2.1 Sorghum
3 Methodology
3.1 Materials and Method
4 Result and Discussion
4.1 Water Absorption Test
4.2 Soil Burial Test
5 Conclusion
References