Subcritical water is a green extraction solvent compared to conventional extraction solvents. While experimental results on subcritical water extraction (SWE) technology have been published piecemeal, there has been no comprehensive review of the state of the art. Green Extraction in Separation Technology fills that gap, serving to cover extracting with subcritical water as an environmentally friendly solvent.
FEATURES
Presents new technologies for extracting natural compounds from plants and compares the advantages and disadvantages versus SWE
Explains research on SWE over the last 15 years
Offers an overview of the solubility of different compounds in SWE and related theoretical content
Discusses modeling of SWE and describes the development of a new model for this process
This monograph is aimed at researchers and advanced students in chemical and biochemical engineering.
Author(s): Ali Haghighi Asl, Maryam Khajenoori
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2021
Language: English
Pages: 128
City: Boca Raton
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
CONTENTS
Preface
Authors
1. New Technologies for Extracting Natural Compounds from Plants
1.1. Essential Oils
1.2. Definition of Extraction
1.3. Definition of Green Extraction
1.4. Distillation with Water or Steam
1.5. New Technologies for Extracting Natural Compounds
1.5.1. Microwave-Assisted Solvent Extraction (MASE)
1.5.1.1. Microwave-Assisted Extraction Systems
1.5.1.2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Microwave Extraction Methods
1.5.1.3. Researches by Microwave Extraction Method
1.5.2. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE)
1.5.2.1. Ultrasonic Wave Extraction Systems
1.5.2.2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Ultrasonic Extraction Method
1.5.2.3. Researches by Ultrasonic Extraction Method
1.5.3. Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC) Method
1.5.3.1. Equipment of DIC Method
1.5.3.2. Advantages and Disadvantages of DIC Method
1.5.3.3. Research Conducted by DIC Method
1.5.4. Supercritical Fluid Extraction
1.5.4.1. Supercritical Fluid Extraction Equipment
1.5.4.2. Advantages and Disadvantages of SFE
1.5.4.3. Research Conducted by SFE Method
1.5.5. Subcritical Water Extraction (SWE)
1.5.5.1. Subcritical Water Extraction Equipment
1.5.5.2. Advantages and Disadvantages of SWE
1.5.5.3. Research Done by SWE Method
1.6. Conclusion
References
2. Review of Subcritical Water Extraction (SWE)
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Subcritical Water Extraction (SWE)
2.3. Comparison of SWE and Other Methods
2.4. Applications of SWE
2.4.1. Extraction of Biologically Active and Nutritional Compounds from Plant and Food Materials
2.4.1.1. Antioxidants
2.4.1.2. Phenolic Compounds
2.4.1.3. Essential Oils
2.4.1.4. Other Plant and Food Ingredients
2.4.2. Eliminate Organic Contaminants from Food
2.5. Economic Study of Subcritical Water Extraction
References
3. Solubility of Subcritical Water
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Effective Parameters on Solubility
3.2.1. Solvent Type
3.2.2. Temperature
3.2.3. Flow Rate
3.2.4. Pressure
3.2.5. Dynamic or Static Mode
3.2.6. Concentration of Additives
3.3. Solubility Measurement Methods
3.3.1. A Review of Laboratory Work Performed
3.3.1.1. Static Method
3.3.1.2. Dynamic Method
3.4. An Overview of the Modeling Performed
3.4.1. Experimental and Semi-Experimental
3.4.2. Dielectric Constant Model
3.4.3. Equations of State (EOS)
3.4.4. Regular Solution Theory (RST)
3.4.5. UNIFAC-Based Models
References
4. Modeling of Subcritical Water Extraction
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Investigation of Existing Models in SWE
4.2.1. Thermodynamic Model
4.2.2. Kinetic Absorption Model
4.2.2.1. One-Site Kinetic Desorption Model
4.2.2.2. Two-Site Kinetic Desorption Model
4.2.3. Thermodynamic Separation with External Mass Transfer Resistance Model
4.2.4. Model Based on Differential Mass Balance Equations
4.3. Description of the Selected Mathematical Model
4.4. Simulation Method
4.5. Solution of the Partial Differential Equation
4.5.1. Essential Oil Concentration Curve in Bulk Fluid
4.5.2. Essential Oil Concentration Curve in Solid
4.6. Estimation of Model Parameters and Physical Properties
4.6.1. Estimation of the Equilibrium Dissociation Coefficient of the Analyte
4.6.2. Estimation of Mass Transfer Coefficient of Bulk Phase
4.6.3. Estimation of Solute Diffusion Coefficient in Fluid
4.6.4. Physical Properties
References
Subject Index
