This book covers the entire spectrum of green diesel and their applications in existing CI engines. This book discusses how a green diesel is a better fuel than biodiesel and petrodiesel and more suitable fuels for sustainable future development. The book begins with a concise overview of the fundamentals of the green diesel properties, preparation, and characterization of green diesel using hydroprocessing technology. The book covers recent developments in the domain of green diesel derived particularly from the second-/third-generation feedstocks. Various topics covered in this book include the catalysts involved in the processing of green diesel, characterization of the products as per ASTM/EN protocols. In addition, the book also illustrates characteristic features of green diesel and how it is different from biodiesel and petrodiesel. Other chapters cover performance and emission characteristics of green diesel in CI engines and techno-economic analysis. Moreover, the current status of green diesel industries is also incorporated. This book is of particular interest to graduate students and academic or industrial researchers/professionals working in the area of green diesel/green energy, bioenergy and mechanical, automobile, and chemical engineering. This book makes a forceful foundation for the establishment of green diesel refineries/biorefineries for a sustainable, cleaner, and greener future.
Author(s): Mohammad Aslam, Shrikant Shivaji Maktedar, Anil Kumar Sarma
Series: Advances in Sustainability Science and Technology
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 385
City: Singapore
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Editors and Contributors
1 Introduction to Green Diesel
1 Introduction
2 Feedstocks for Green Diesel (Including 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Generation Feedstocks)
3 Catalytic Materials for Green Diesel Production
3.1 Supports
4 Characterizations of Green Diesel
5 Green Diesel Production by Hydroprocessing Technology
6 Biodiesel, Green Diesel, and Petrodiesel: A Comparison
6.1 Biodiesel
6.2 Green Diesel
6.3 Petrodiesel (Conventional Diesel)
7 Comparison: Biodiesel, Green Diesel, and Petrodiesel
8 Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of Green Diesel Fuel
9 Production of Green Diesel from Vegetable Oil
10 Production of Green Diesel from Lignocellulosic Biomass
11 Production of Green Diesel from Algae
12 Techno-Economic Feasibility of Green Diesel
13 Current Status of the Green Diesel Industry
13.1 Neste Green Diesel Fuel Properties and Engine Performance
13.2 Honeywell
13.3 ExxonMobil
References
2 Feedstocks for Green Diesel
1 Introduction
2 Renewable Feedstocks for Green Diesel
3 1st Generation Feedstocks
3.1 Soybean Oil
3.2 Palm Oil
3.3 Corn Oil
3.4 Coconut Oil
3.5 Rapeseed Oil
3.6 Sunflower Oil
3.7 Olive Oil
3.8 Other Edible Oils
4 2ndGeneration Feedstocks
4.1 Castor Oil
4.2 Jatropha Oil
4.3 Other Food-Related Sources
4.4 Bio-Oil
5 3rd Generation Feedstocks
6 Current Scenario of Feedstock Utilization for Green Diesel Production
7 Conclusive Remarks
References
3 Catalytic Materials for Green Diesel Production
1 Introduction
1.1 Green Diesel from Triglyceride-Based Feedstock
1.2 Green Diesel from Pyrolytic and Hydrothermal Biocrude
1.3 Green Diesel from Bio-Syngas
1.4 Green Diesel from Olefins
2 Catalysts for Green Diesel Production
2.1 Metal Catalysts
3 Factors Affecting Green Diesel Productions
3.1 Effects of Catalyst Synthesis Methods
3.2 Effects of Catalyst Morphology
3.3 Effects of Metal Loading in Supports
3.4 Effects of Metal Support Interaction
3.5 Effects of Reaction Conditions
3.6 Effects of Phosphide Content in Catalysts
4 Conclusions
References
4 Green Diesel Production by Hydroprocessing Technology
1 Introduction
1.1 Green Diesel and Biodiesel
1.2 Hydroprocessing and Transesterification Process
1.3 Usage of Green Diesel for Marine Applications and Power Generators
2 Feedstocks and Catalysts for Hydroprocessing Technology
2.1 Feedstock
2.2 Catalyst Preparation for Lipid Hydroprocessing
3 Catalyst Effects on Lipid Hydroprocessing
3.1 Fatty Acid Profile of Lipids and Implications on Catalyst Selection
3.2 Comparison of EN-15940 (HVO) and EN-590
3.3 Co-processing of Lipids with Refinery Feed
3.4 Direct Processing of Lipid Sources
4 Kinetics, Reaction Mechanisms, and Pathways
5 Globally Available Technologies for Renewable Diesel Production
6 Path Forward and Challenges
6.1 High Hydrogen Requirement
6.2 High Exothermicity of the Reaction
6.3 Continuous Feed Supply for Large Production
6.4 Feed Pre-treatment Issue
7 Conclusion
References
5 Commercial Green Diesel Production Under Hydroprocessing Technology Using Solid-Based Heterogeneous Catalysts
1 Introduction
2 Green Diesel Produced Over Various Technologies
2.1 Commercial Green Diesel Production Under Heterogeneous Processes
2.2 Superiority and Drawback
3 Application of the Use of Solid-Based Heterogeneous Catalysts in Green Diesel Produced
3.1 Green Diesel Produced Over Metal Catalysts
3.2 Green Diesel Produced Over Zeolite Catalysts
4 Catalytic Hydroprocessing Technology of Edible and Non-Edible Oils
4.1 The Impact of Process Parameters
4.2 The Influence of Different Vegetable Oils
4.3 The Effect of Metal Supports
4.4 The Role of Nanoparticle Catalysts
5 Conclusion
References
6 Green Diesel: Integrated Production Processes, Future Perspectives and Techno-Economic Feasibility
1 Introduction
2 Production Processes
3 Process Economics
3.1 The Energy Optimization of a Green Diesel Production Process
3.2 Cost Estimation
4 Conclusion
References
7 Technological Advancements in the Production of Green Diesel from Biomass
1 Introduction
2 Feedstock for Green Diesel
2.1 Oils and Fats
2.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass
3 Biodiesel
4 Green Diesel by Hydroprocessing of Oils and Fats
4.1 Reaction Mechanism
4.2 Role of Catalysts and Process Conditions
4.3 Commercial Processes
5 Green Diesel by Hydropyrolsis of Lignocellulosic Biomass
5.1 Mechanism
5.2 Catalytic Fast Hydropyrolysis (CFHP)
5.3 Commercial Processes
6 Conclusions
References
8 Characterization of Green Diesel: Existing Standards and Beyond
1 Introduction
2 Conclusion
References
9 Current Status of the Green Diesel Industry
1 Introduction
2 Processing Technologies for Commercial Diesel Fuels
2.1 Transesterification Process for Biodiesel Production
2.2 Hydroprocessing Technology for Green Diesel Production
2.3 Process Parameters Affecting Green Diesel Production
3 Fuel Properties Analysis of Green Diesel Verses Other Diesel Fuels
4 Commercial Status of Green Diesel Production
4.1 Green Diesel Policies and Regulations
5 Future Prospects of Green Diesel
6 Conclusion
References
10 Biodiesel, Green Diesel and Petrodiesel: A Comparison
1 Introduction
1.1 Biodiesel
1.2 Green Diesel
1.3 Petrodiesel
2 Biodiesel
2.1 Production Method
2.2 Technologies in Biodiesel Production
2.3 Biodiesel Quality and Properties
3 Green Diesel
3.1 Green Diesel Production Method
3.2 Green Diesel Properties
4 Petrodiesel
4.1 Production Method
4.2 Diesel Grades
4.3 Diesel Fuel Properties and Uses
4.4 Latest Research
5 Conclusion
References
11 Biodiesel and Green Diesel Fuels: A Techno-Economic Analysis
1 Introduction
2 Biodiesel and Green Diesel: Properties, Specifications and Blending
3 Production Process for Biodiesel and Green Diesel
4 Techno-Economic Analysis of Biodiesel and Green Diesel Production
5 Conclusions
References
12 Performance, Combustion, and Emission Analysis of Green Diesel Derived from Mesua ferrea L. Oil on a CI Engine: An Experimental Investigation
1 Introduction
2 Material and Methods
2.1 Materials
2.2 Catalysts
2.3 Formulation of Green Diesel from MFL Oil
2.4 Characterization of MFL Based Green Diesel
2.5 CI Engine Experimental Test Rig. Set-Up
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Fuel Properties of MFL Oil-Based Green Diesel
3.2 CI Engine Performance Attributes
3.3 CI Engine Combustion Attributes
3.4 CI Engine Emission Attributes
4 Conclusions
References
13 A Techno-Economic and Environmental Perspective on the Role of Green Diesel in a Prospective Fuel Production Mix for Road Transport
1 Introduction
2 Methodological Framework
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Prospective Green Diesel Production Mix
3.2 Prospective Carbon Footprint
3.3 Final Remarks
4 Conclusions
References
14 Policies, Techno-economic Analysis and Future Perspective of Green Diesel
1 Introduction
1.1 Policies for Green Diesel: Global and Indian Context
1.2 Commercial Technologies of Green Diesel
1.3 Process Simulation and Techno-Economic Approach
2 Factors Affecting the Economics of Green Diesel
2.1 Feedstock Cost
2.2 Transportation Cost
2.3 Catalyst Cost
3 Technological Feasibility in Green Diesel Production
3.1 Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) Route
3.2 Fischer–Tropsch Process
4 Economics of Green Diesel Production
5 Future Perspective and Recommendations
6 Conclusions
References
