Graphene Based Biomolecular Electronic Devices outlines the fundamental concepts related to graphene and electronics, along with a description of various advanced and emerging applications of graphene-based bioelectronics. The book includes coverage of biosensors, energy storage devices such as biofuel cells, stretchable and flexible electronics, drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, and 3D printed graphene in bioelectronics. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, it explores the synergy produced due to charge transfer between biomolecules and graphene and will help the reader understand the promising bioelectronic applications of graphene-based devices.
Graphene has applications in semiconductor electronics, replacing the use of traditional silicon-based devices due to its semi-metallic nature and tuneable energy band gap properties. The tuning of electron transfer with redox properties of biomolecules could potentially lead to the development of miniaturized bioelectronic devices. Thus, graphene, with its unique sensing characteristics, has emerged as an attractive material to produce biomolecular electronic devices.
Author(s): Bansi D. Malhotra, Sharda Nara
Series: Micro and Nano Technologies
Publisher: Elsevier
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 253
City: Amsterdam
Cover
Copyright
Preface
Graphene-Fundamentals
Introduction
History of graphene
Graphene synthesis
Top-down approach
Mechanical exfoliation and cleavage
Chemical exfoliation
Bottom-up approach
Epitaxial growth
Chemical vapour deposition (CVD)
Morphologies of graphene
Electronic properties of graphene
Graphene-biomolecular interactions
Interactions in DNA-graphene hybrids
Non-covalent interactions
Covalent interactions
Interactions in peptide-graphene hybrids
Non-covalent interactions
Covalent interactions
Interactions in protein-graphene hybrids
Non-covalent interactions
Covalent interactions
Interactions in carbohydrates-graphene hybrids
Non-covalent interactions
Covalent interactions
Graphene-based hybrid biomaterials
Graphene hybrids in tissue engineering
Graphene hybrids in drug delivery
Conclusions
References
Graphene-Based Transduction Systems in Biosensors
Introduction
Graphene-based transduction systems
Electrochemical biosensors
Piezoelectric biosensors
Optical biosensors
Conclusions
References
Graphene in Field Effect Transistor-Based Biosensors
Introduction
Graphene Bio-FET
Substrate preparation
Graphene selection
Exfoliation and cleavage
Chemically prepared graphene
Chemical vapour deposition
Placement of graphene on suitable substrates
Exfoliated graphene
Reduced graphene oxide
Fabrication of FET sensors
Non-covalent and covalent functionalization
Non-covalent functionalization
Covalent attachment
Anti-biofouling
Some graphene-based FET biosensors
Genomic detection
Biomarker detection
Cellular detection
Bio-FET-based label-free detection mechanism
Indirect detection of macromolecules
Direct detection of macromolecules
Detection of oligonucleotides
Detection of proteins
Challenges of using graphene in fabrication of FET-based sensing devices
Protocols for GFET device fabrications
References
Graphene-Based Biosensors for Detection of Protein and Nucleic Acid
Introduction
Graphene-based biosensors for nucleic acid detection
Introduction
Graphene-based aptamer biosensors
Graphene-based DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) biosensors
Graphene-based PNA (peptide nucleic acid) biosensors
Graphene-based biosensors for protein detection
Introduction
Graphene-based immunosensors
Graphene-based enzyme biosensors
Advanced applications of graphene-based biosensors
Introduction
Graphene-based biosensors in microfluidic chips
Graphene-based biosensors for point-of-care diagnostics
Graphene-based biosensors in integrated lab-on-a-chip
Protocols
Conclusions
References
Graphene-Based Wearable Biosensors
Introduction
Graphene-based flexible and stretchable materials
Bio-integrated devices
Wireless biosensors
Applications of wearable biosensors
Electrophysiological measurements
Biomolecular detection
Kinematic detection
Challenges and future prospectus
Conclusions
References
Graphene 3D Printing
Introduction
Direct 3D printing
Direct ink writing for bioelectronic applications
Direct bioprinting
3D freeze printing
Digital light processing 3D printing
Stereolithography
Graphene nanofiller in stereolithographic printing
Fused deposition technique
Conclusions
References
Graphene-Based Microbial Fuel Cell
Introduction
Modified graphene as electrode material
Synthesis of graphene used for electrode material
MFC designing using graphene-based materials
Graphene as an anode material
Graphene as a cathode material
MFC-based bioelectronic devices
Conclusions
References
Graphene-Based Drug Delivery System
Introduction
Graphene-based drug delivery nano-vehicles
Graphene interaction with cell membrane
Impact of graphene on a human body
Conclusions
References
Graphene in Tissue Engineeringand Electronics: Future Prospects and Challenges
Introduction
Fabrication of conductive scaffolds
Chemical vapour deposition (CVD)
3D printing
Electrospinning
Freeze drying
Free radical polymerization
Self-assembly
Direct vacuum filtration method
Molecular interactions in biopolymers and graphene
Graphene-SF hybrids
Graphene-amyloid hybrids
Graphene-chitosan hybrids
Cellular behaviour on conductive scaffolds
Neural regeneration
Stem cell differentiation
Scaffold as an electronic sensor
Challenges
Protocols
Graphene-SF synthesis
Graphene-chitosan synthesis
References
Commercial Prospects of Graphene-Based Biomolecular Electronic Devices and Challenges
Introduction
Graphene-based electronic devices
Graphene-based biosensors
Graphene-based biofuel cells
Future challenges
Conclusions
References
Index
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