Goldman-Cecil Medicine

Front Matter
Copyright Page
Associate Editors
Preface
Contributors
Video Contents
Section 1: Social and Ethical Issues in Medicine
Chapter 1: Approach to Medicine, the Patient, and the Medical Profession
Chapter 2: Bioethics in the Practice of Medicine
Chapter 3: Palliative Care
Chapter 4: Disparities in Health and Health Care
Chapter 5: Global Health
Section 2: Principles of Evaluation and Management
Chapter 6: Approach to the Patient
Chapter 7: Approach to the Patient with Abnormal Vital Signs
Chapter 8: Statistical Interpretation of Data and Using Data for Clinical Decisions
Chapter 9: Measuring Health and Health Care
Chapter 10: Quality, Safety, and Value
Chapter 11: Comprehensive Chronic Disease Management
Section 3: Preventive and Environmental Issues
Chapter 12: the Periodic Health Examination
Chapter 13: Physical Activity
Chapter 14: Adolescent Medicine
Chapter 15: Immunization
Chapter 16: Principles of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
Chapter 17: Radiation Injury
Chapter 18: Bioterrorism
Chapter 19: Chronic Poisoning
Section 4: Aging and Geriatric Medicine
Chapter 20: Epidemiology of Aging
Chapter 21: Geriatric Assessment
Chapter 22: Common Clinical Sequelae of Aging
Chapter 23: Urinary Incontinence
Chapter 24: Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Aging
Chapter 25: Delirium in the Older Patient
Section 5: Clinical Pharmacology
Chapter 26: Principles of Drug Therapy
Chapter 27: Pain
Chapter 28: Biology of Addiction
Chapter 29: Nicotine and Tobacco
Chapter 30: Alcohol Use Disorders
Chapter 31: Drugs of Abuse
Chapter 32: Immunomodulatory Drugs
Chapter 33: Biologic Agents and Signaling Inhibitors
Chapter 34: Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Medicine
Section 6: Genetics
Chapter 35: Principles of Genetics
Chapter 36: Clinical Genomics—genome Structure and Variation
Chapter 37: Applications of Molecular Technologies to Clinical Medicine
Chapter 38: Regenerative Medicine, Cell, and Gene Therapies
Section 7: Principles of Immunology and Inflammation
Chapter 39: the Innate Immune System
Chapter 40: the Adaptive Immune System
Chapter 41: Mechanisms of Immune-mediated Tissue Injury
Chapter 42: Mechanisms of Inflammation and Tissue Repair
Chapter 43: Transplantation Immunology
Chapter 44: Complement System in Disease
Section 8: Cardiovascular Disease
Chapter 45: Approach to the Patient with Possible Cardiovascular Disease
Chapter 46: Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease
Chapter 47: Cardiac and Circulatory Function
Chapter 48: Electrocardiography
Chapter 49: Echocardiography
Chapter 50: Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging
Chapter 51: Catheterization and Angiography
Chapter 52: Heart Failure
Chapter 53: Heart Failure
Chapter 54: Diseases of the Myocardium and Endocardium
Chapter 55: Principles of Electrophysiology
Chapter 56: Approach to the Patient with Suspected Arrhythmia
Chapter 57: Approach to Cardiac Arrest and Life-threatening Arrhythmias
Chapter 58: Supraventricular Cardiac Arrhythmias
Chapter 59: Ventricular Arrhythmias
Chapter 60: Electrophysiologic Interventional Procedures and Surgery
Chapter 61: Congenital Heart Disease in Adults
Chapter 62: Angina Pectoris and Stable Ischemic Heart Disease
Chapter 63: Acute Coronary Syndrome
Chapter 64: ST Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction and Complications of Myocardial Infarction
Chapter 65: Interventional and Surgical Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease
Chapter 66: Valvular Heart Disease
Chapter 67: Infective Endocarditis
Chapter 68: Pericardial Diseases
Chapter 69: Diseases of the Aorta
Section 9: Vascular Medicine
Chapter 70: Arterial Hypertension
Chapter 71: Atherosclerotic Peripheral Arterial Disease
Chapter 72: Other Peripheral Arterial Diseases
Chapter 73: Thrombotic Disorders
Chapter 74: Venous Thrombosis and Embolism
Chapter 75: Pulmonary Hypertension
Chapter 76: Antithrombotic and Antiplatelet Therapy
Section 10: Respiratory Diseases
Chapter 77: Approach to the Patient with Respiratory Disease
Chapter 78: Imaging in Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 79: Respiratory Testing and Function
Chapter 80: Disorders of Ventilatory Control
Chapter 81: Asthma
Chapter 82: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chapter 83: Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 84: Bronchiectasis, Atelectasis, Cysts, and Localized Lung Disorders
Chapter 85: Alveolar Filling Disorders
Chapter 86: Interstitial Lung Disease
Chapter 87: Occupational Lung Disease
Chapter 88: Physical and Chemical Injuries of the Lung
Chapter 89: Sarcoidosis
Chapter 90: Acute Bronchitis and Tracheitis
Chapter 91: Overview of Pneumonia
Chapter 92: Diseases of the Diaphragm, Chest Wall, Pleura, and Mediastinum
Chapter 93: Interventional and Surgical Approaches to Lung Disease
Section 11: Critical Care Medicine
Chapter 94: Approach to the Patient in a Critical Care Setting
Chapter 95: Respiratory Monitoring in Critical Care
Chapter 96: Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 97: Mechanical Ventilation
Chapter 98: Approach to the Patient with Shock
Chapter 99: Cardiogenic Shock
Chapter 100: Shock Syndromes Related to Sepsis
Chapter 101: Disorders Due to Heat and Cold
Chapter 102: Acute Poisoning
Chapter 103: Medical Aspects of Trauma and Burns
Chapter 104: Envenomation, Bites, and Stings
Chapter 105: Rhabdomyolysis
Section 12: Renal and Genitourinary Diseases
Chapter 106: Approach to the Patient with Renal Disease
Chapter 107: Structure and Function of the Kidneys
Chapter 108: Disorders of Sodium and Water
Chapter 109: Potassium Disorders
Chapter 110: Acid-base Disorders
Chapter 111: Disorders of Magnesium and Phosphorus
Chapter 112: Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 113: Glomerular Disorders and Nephrotic Syndromes
Chapter 114: Tubulointerstitial Diseases
Chapter 115: Diabetes and the Kidney
Chapter 116: Vascular Disorders of the Kidney
Chapter 117: Nephrolithiasis
Chapter 118: Cystic Kidney Diseases
Chapter 119: Hereditary Nephropathies and Developmental Abnormalities of the Urinary Tract
Chapter 120: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostatitis
Chapter 121: Chronic Kidney Disease
Chapter 122: Treatment of Irreversible Renal Failure
Section 13: Gastrointestinal Diseases
Chapter 123: Approach to the Patient with Gastrointestinal Disease
Chapter 124: Diagnostic Imaging Procedures in Gastroenterology
Chapter 125: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Chapter 126: Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Chapter 127: Disorders of Gastrointestinal Motility
Chapter 128: Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Chapter 129: Diseases of the Esophagus
Chapter 130: Acid Peptic Disease
Chapter 131: Approach to the Patient with Diarrhea and Malabsorption
Chapter 132: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Chapter 133: Inflammatory and Anatomic Diseases of the Intestine, Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Omentum
Chapter 134: Vascular Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Chapter 135: Pancreatitis
Chapter 136: Diseases of the Rectum and Anus
Section 14: Diseases of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Bile Ducts
Chapter 137: Approach to the Patient with Liver Disease
Chapter 138: Approach to the Patient with Jaundice Or Abnormal Liver Tests
Chapter 139: Acute Viral Hepatitis
Chapter 140: Chronic Viral and Autoimmune Hepatitis
Chapter 141: Toxin- and Drug-induced Liver Disease
Chapter 142: Bacterial, Parasitic, Fungal, and Granulomatous Liver Diseases
Chapter 143: Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Chapter 144: Cirrhosis and Its Sequelae
Chapter 145: Hepatic Failure and Liver Transplantation
Chapter 146: Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts
Section 15: Hematologic Diseases
Chapter 147: Hematopoiesis and Hematopoietic Growth Factors
Chapter 148: the Peripheral Blood Smear
Chapter 149: Approach to the Anemias
Chapter 150: Microcytic and Hypochromic Anemias
Chapter 151: Autoimmune and Intravascular Hemolytic Anemias
Chapter 152: Hemolytic Anemias
Chapter 153: The Thalassemias
Chapter 154: Sickle Cell Disease and Other Hemoglobinopathies
Chapter 155: Megaloblastic Anemias
Chapter 156: Aplastic Anemia and Related Bone Marrow Failure States
Chapter 157: Polycythemia Vera, Essential Thrombocythemia, and Primary Myelofibrosis
Chapter 158: Leukocytosis and Leukopenia
Chapter 159: Approach to the Patient with Lymphadenopathy and Splenomegaly
Chapter 160: Histiocytoses
Chapter 161: Eosinophilic Syndromes
Chapter 162: Approach to the Patient with Bleeding and Thrombosis
Chapter 163: Thrombocytopenia
Chapter 164: Von Willebrand Disease and Hemorrhagic Abnormalities of Platelet and Vascular Function
Chapter 165: Hemorrhagic Disorders
Chapter 166: Hemorrhagic Disorders
Chapter 167: Transfusion Medicine
Chapter 168: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Section 16: Oncology
Chapter 169: Approach to the Patient with Cancer
Chapter 170: Epidemiology of Cancer
Chapter 171: Cancer Biology and Genetics
Chapter 172: Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Chapter 173: The Acute Leukemias
Chapter 174: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Chapter 175: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Chapter 176: Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas
Chapter 177: Hodgkin Lymphoma
Chapter 178: Plasma Cell Disorders
Chapter 179: Amyloidosis
Chapter 180: Tumors of the Central Nervous System
Chapter 181: Head and Neck Cancer
Chapter 182: Lung Cancer and Other Pulmonary Neoplasms
Chapter 183: Neoplasms of the Esophagus and Stomach
Chapter 184: Neoplasms of the Small and Large Intestine
Chapter 185: Pancreatic Cancer
Chapter 186: Liver and Biliary Tract Cancers
Chapter 187: Tumors of the Kidney, Bladder, Ureters, and Renal Pelvis
Chapter 188: Breast Cancer and Benign Breast Disorders
Chapter 189: Gynecologic Cancers
Chapter 190: Testicular Cancer
Chapter 191: Prostate Cancer
Chapter 192: Malignant Tumors of Bone, Sarcomas, and Other Soft Tissue Neoplasms
Chapter 193: Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers
Section 17: Metabolic Diseases
Chapter 194: Approach to Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Chapter 195: Disorders of Lipid Metabolism
Chapter 196: Glycogen Storage Diseases
Chapter 197: Lysosomal Storage Diseases
Chapter 198: Homocystinuria and Hyperhomocysteinemia
Chapter 199: The Porphyrias
Chapter 200: Wilson Disease
Chapter 201: Iron Overload (Hemochromatosis)
Section 18: Nutritional Diseases
Chapter 202: Nutrition’s Interface with Health and Disease
Chapter 203: Protein-Energy Malnutrition
Chapter 204: Malnutrition
Chapter 205: Vitamins, Trace Minerals, and Other Micronutrients
Chapter 206: Eating Disorders
Chapter 207: Obesity
Section 19: Endocrine Diseases
Chapter 208: Approach to the Patient with Endocrine Disease
Chapter 209: Principles of Endocrinology
Chapter 210: Neuroendocrinology and the Neuroendocrine System
Chapter 211: Anterior Pituitary
Chapter 212: Posterior Pituitary
Chapter 213: Thyroid
Chapter 214: Adrenal Cortex
Chapter 215: Adrenal Medulla, Catecholamines, and Pheochromocytoma
Chapter 216: Diabetes Mellitus
Chapter 217: Hypoglycemia and Pancreatic Islet Cell Disorders
Chapter 218: Polyglandular Disorders
Chapter 219: Neuroendocrine Tumors
Chapter 220: Sexual Development and Identity
Chapter 221: The Testis and Male Hypogonadism, Infertility, and Sexual Dysfunction
Chapter 222: Ovaries and Pubertal Development
Chapter 223: Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility
Section 20: Women's Health
Chapter 224: Approach to Women’s Health
Chapter 225: Contraception
Chapter 226: Common Medical Problems in Pregnancy
Chapter 227: Menopause
Chapter 228: Intimate Partner Violence
Section 21: Diseases of Bone and Mineral Metabolism
Chapter 229: Approach to the Patient with Metabolic Bone Disease
Chapter 230: Osteoporosis
Chapter 231: Osteomalacia and Rickets
Chapter 232: The Parathyroid Glands, Hypercalcemia, and Hypocalcemia
Chapter 233: Paget Disease of Bone
Chapter 234: Osteonecrosis, Osteosclerosis/hyperostosis, and Other Disorders of Bone
Section 22: Diseases of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Chapter 235: Approach to the Patient with Allergic Or Immunologic Disease
Chapter 236: Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases
Chapter 237: Urticaria and Angioedema
Chapter 238: Systemic Anaphylaxis, Food Allergy, and Insect Sting Allergy
Chapter 239: Drug Allergy
Chapter 240: Mastocytosis
Section 23: Rheumatic Diseases
Chapter 241: Approach to the Patient with Rheumatic Disease
Chapter 242: Laboratory Testing in the Rheumatic Diseases
Chapter 243: Imaging Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases
Chapter 244: Inherited Diseases of Connective Tissue
Chapter 245: The Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases
Chapter 246: Osteoarthritis
Chapter 247: Bursitis, Tendinitis, and Other Periarticular Disorders and Sports Medicine
Chapter 248: Rheumatoid Arthritis
Chapter 249: The Spondyloarthropathies
Chapter 250: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Chapter 251: Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
Chapter 252: Sjögren Syndrome
Chapter 253: Inflammatory Myopathies
Chapter 254: The Systemic Vasculitides
Chapter 255: Giant Cell Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Chapter 256: Infections of Bursae, Joints, and Bones
Chapter 257: Crystal Deposition Diseases
Chapter 258: Fibromyalgia, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and Myofascial Pain
Chapter 259: Systemic Diseases in Which Arthritis Is a Feature
Chapter 260: Surgical Treatment of Joint Diseases
Section 24: Infectious Diseases
Chapter 261: Introduction to Microbial Disease
Chapter 262: The Human Microbiome
Chapter 263: Principles of Anti-infective Therapy
Chapter 264: Approach to Fever Or Suspected Infection in the Normal Host
Chapter 265: Approach to Fever and Suspected Infection in the Immunocompromised Host
Chapter 266: Prevention and Control of Health Care–Associated Infections
Chapter 267: Approach to the Patient with Suspected Enteric Infection
Chapter 268: Approach to the Patient with Urinary Tract Infection
Chapter 269: Approach to the Patient with a Sexually Transmitted Infection
Chapter 270: Approach to the Patient Before and After Travel
Bacteria
Chapter 271: Antibacterial Chemotherapy
Chapter 272: Staphylococcal Infections
Chapter 273: Streptococcus Pneumoniae Infections
Chapter 274: Nonpneumococcal Streptococcal Infections and Rheumatic Fever
Chapter 275: Enterococcal Infections
Chapter 276: Diphtheria and Other Corynebacterium Infections
Chapter 277: Listeriosis
Chapter 278: Anthrax
Chapter 279: Erysipelothrix Infections
Chapter 280: Clostridial Infections
Chapter 281: Diseases Caused By Non–Spore-Forming Anaerobic Bacteria
Chapter 282: Neisseria Meningitidis Infections
Chapter 283: Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Infections
Chapter 284: Haemophilus and Moraxella Infections
Chapter 285: Chancroid
Chapter 286: Cholera and Other Vibrio Infections
Chapter 287: Campylobacter Infections
Chapter 288: Escherichia Coli Enteric Infections
Chapter 289: Infections Due to Other Members of the Enterobacteriaceae, Including Management of Multidrug-Resistant Strains
Chapter 290: Pseudomonas and Related Gram-Negative Bacillary Infections
Chapter 291: Diseases Caused By Acinetobacter and Stenotrophomonas Species
Chapter 292: Salmonella Infections (Including Enteric Fever)
Chapter 293: Shigellosis
Chapter 294: Brucellosis
Chapter 295: Tularemia and Other Francisella Infections
Chapter 296: Plague and Other Yersinia Infections
Chapter 297: Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections
Chapter 298: Legionella Infections
Chapter 299: Bartonella Infections
Chapter 300: Granuloma Inguinale (Donovanosis)
Chapter 301: Mycoplasma Infections
Chapter 302: Diseases Caused By Chlamydiae
Chapter 303: Syphilis
Chapter 304: Nonsyphilitic Treponematoses
Chapter 305: Lyme Disease
Chapter 306: Relapsing Fever and Other Borrelia Infections
Chapter 307: Leptospirosis
Chapter 308: Tuberculosis
Chapter 309: The Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Chapter 310: Leprosy (Hansen Disease)
Chapter 311: Rickettsial Infections
Chapter 312: Zoonoses
Chapter 313: Actinomycosis
Chapter 314: Nocardiosis
Fungus
Chapter 315: Systemic Antifungal Agents
Chapter 316: Endemic Mycoses
Chapter 317: Cryptococcosis
Chapter 318: Candidiasis
Chapter 319: Aspergillosis
Chapter 320: Mucormycosis
Chapter 321: Pneumocystis Pneumonia
Chapter 322: Mycetoma and Dematiaceous Fungal Infections
Parasites
Chapter 323: Antiparasitic Therapy
Chapter 324: Malaria
Chapter 325: African Sleeping Sickness
Chapter 326: Chagas Disease
Chapter 327: Leishmaniasis
Chapter 328: Toxoplasmosis
Chapter 329: Cryptosporidiosis
Chapter 330: Giardiasis
Chapter 331: Amebiasis
Chapter 332: Babesiosis and Other Protozoan Diseases
Chapter 333: Cestodes
Chapter 334: Trematode Infections
Chapter 335: Nematode Infections
Virus
Chapter 336: Antiviral Therapy (Non-HIV)
Chapter 337: The Common Cold
Chapter 338: Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Chapter 339: Parainfluenza Viral Disease
Chapter 340: Influenza
Chapter 341: Adenovirus Diseases
Chapter 342: Coronaviruses
Chapter 343: Measles
Chapter 344: Rubella (German Measles)
Chapter 345: Mumps
Chapter 346: Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-barr Virus, and Slow Virus Infections of the Central Nervous System
Chapter 347: Parvovirus
Chapter 348: Smallpox, Monkeypox, and Other Poxvirus Infections
Chapter 349: Papillomavirus
Chapter 350: Herpes Simplex Virus Infections
Chapter 351: Varicella-Zoster Virus (Chickenpox, Shingles)
Chapter 352: Cytomegalovirus
Chapter 353: Epstein-Barr Virus Infection
Chapter 354: Retroviruses Other Than Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Chapter 355: Enteroviruses
Chapter 356: Rotaviruses, Noroviruses, and Other Gastrointestinal Viruses
Chapter 357: Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
Chapter 358: Arboviruses Causing Fever and Rash Syndromes
Chapter 359: Arboviruses Affecting the Central Nervous System
Section 25: HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency
Chapter 360: Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Chapter 361: Immunopathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 362: Biology of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses
Chapter 363: Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 364: Antiretroviral Therapy for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Chapter 365: Microbial Complications in Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Chapter 366: Systemic Manifestations of HIV/AIDS
Chapter 367: Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in HIV/AIDS
Section 26: Neurology
Chapter 368: Approach to the Patient with Neurologic Disease
Chapter 369: Psychiatric Disorders in Medical Practice
Chapter 370: Headaches and Other Head Pain
Chapter 371: Traumatic Brain Injury and Spinal Cord Injury
Chapter 372: Mechanical and Other Lesions of the Spine, Nerve Roots, and Spinal Cord
Chapter 373: Regional Cerebral Dysfunction
Chapter 374: Cognitive Impairment and Dementia
Chapter 375: The Epilepsies
Chapter 376: Coma, Vegetative State, and Brain Death
Chapter 377: Sleep Disorders
Chapter 378: Approach to Cerebrovascular Diseases
Chapter 379: Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease
Chapter 380: Hemorrhagic Cerebrovascular Disease
Chapter 381: Parkinsonism
Chapter 382: Other Movement Disorders
Chapter 383: Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Conditions of the Central Nervous System
Chapter 384: Meningitis
Chapter 385: Brain Abscess and Parameningeal Infections
Chapter 386: Acute Viral Encephalitis
Chapter 387: Prion Diseases
Chapter 388: Nutritional and Alcohol-Related Neurologic Disorders
Chapter 389: Congenital, Developmental, and Neurocutaneous Disorders
Chapter 390: Autonomic Disorders and Their Management
Chapter 391: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Diseases
Chapter 392: Peripheral Neuropathies
Chapter 393: Muscle Diseases
Chapter 394: Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission
Section 27: Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases
Chapter 395: Diseases of the Visual System
Chapter 396: Neuro-Ophthalmology
Chapter 397: Diseases of the Mouth and Salivary Glands
Chapter 398: Approach to the Patient with Nose, Sinus, and Ear Disorders
Chapter 399: Smell and Taste
Chapter 400: Hearing and Equilibrium
Chapter 401: Throat Disorders
Section 28: Medical Consultation
Chapter 402: Principles of Medical Consultation
Chapter 403: Preoperative Evaluation
Chapter 404: Overview of Anesthesia
Chapter 405: Postoperative Care and Complications
Chapter 406: Medical Consultation in Psychiatry
Section 29: Skin Diseases
Chapter 407: Approach to Skin Diseases
Chapter 408: Principles of Therapy of Skin Diseases
Chapter 409: Eczemas, Photodermatoses, Papulosquamous (Including Fungal) Diseases, and Figurate Erythemas
Chapter 410: Macular, Papular, Purpuric, Vesicobullous, and Pustular Diseases
Chapter 411: Urticaria, Drug Hypersensitivity Rashes, Nodules and Tumors, and Atrophic Diseases
Chapter 412: Infections, Hyperpigmentation and Hypopigmentation, Regional Dermatology, and Distinctive Lesions in Black Skin
Chapter 413: Diseases of Hair and Nails
Appendix: Reference Intervals and Laboratory Values