In recent decades, globalization and regional integration have brought significant economic and demographic changes in East Asia, including rising economic inequality, growing population movements within and across borders, and the emergence or renewed geopolitical significance of cultural and linguistic minority populations. These trends have coincided with significant changes in family formation, dissolution, and structures. How have these changes played out in the diverse educational systems of East Asia? In what innovative ways are East Asian governments addressing the new demographic realities of their student populations? This volume offers a snapshot of key educational stratification issues in East Asian nations, and their evolution in conjunction with changing student populations. Ten empirical pieces address issues ranging from Japan's education reforms and changes in teacher work patterns as the system adapts to globalization; persisting and new forms of educational stratification in China; educational stratification and new multiculturalism in educational policy in Korea; and, the ways that migration is shaping education in the city-states of Hong Kong and Singapore. Collectively, the pieces in this volume represent a first attempt to investigate national responses to critical regional trends.
Author(s): Emily Hannum
Year: 2010
Language: English
Pages: 352
Research in sociology of education......Page 2
Contents......Page 6
List of contributors......Page 8
Background......Page 10
Diversification of student populations......Page 12
Adapting to Migration and Diversification of Student Populations......Page 13
Policies for Global Competitiveness......Page 16
Students and families crossing borders......Page 19
Discussion......Page 20
References......Page 22
PART 1 GLOBALIZATION AND EDUCATlONAL RESPONS IIN JAPAN......Page 24
Introduction: Japan in the world, Japan in an era of globalization......Page 26
‘‘Globalization’’ and its (unintended) effects on education: Some theoretical and conceptual lenses......Page 28
Locating globalization’s ‘‘real’’ effects on/in Japanese education......Page 33
Locating globalization’s ‘‘imagined’’ effects in/on Japanese education......Page 42
From the Importance of Liberalization, Deregulation to New Public Management Style Structural Policy Reforms......Page 44
From ‘‘Exam Hell’’ to Yutori to ‘‘Pisa-Shock’’ (and Back Again?)......Page 47
From Bolstering a Japanese Identity to the Revision of the FLE......Page 51
The Unintended Effects of Deregulation and Decentralization of Education......Page 55
Curriculum and Pedagogical Reforms for Creativity and ‘‘Room to Grow’’ (yutori kyomacriku)......Page 59
Unintended Consequences of Bolstering National Identity through ‘‘Internationalization’’......Page 61
Towards a conclusion: Reflections of the future of Japanese education - The need to close the gap between the ‘‘real’’ and ‘‘imagined’’......Page 63
References......Page 68
Educational reform, academic intensity, and educational opportunity in Japan......Page 74
Introduction......Page 75
The historical trajectory of change......Page 77
Evidence of growing inequality......Page 80
Theoretical perspectives on policy implementation......Page 84
Data collection......Page 85
Uncertainty about reform......Page 87
Integrated Studies......Page 89
Elective Courses......Page 92
Student responses to curricular change......Page 94
The role of the family in a relaxed education system......Page 96
Conclusion......Page 98
Notes......Page 100
References......Page 102
PART II CURRICULAR INNOVATION AND THE EVOLUTlON OF INEQUALITY IN CHINA......Page 106
State-sponsored knowledge for the global age: global and traditional values in the Chinese language arts curriculum......Page 108
Data and methods......Page 114
Sampling......Page 115
Coding......Page 116
Results......Page 119
Cultivating a Strong Chinese Identity......Page 120
Cultivating Global Citizens......Page 123
Conclusion......Page 126
References......Page 128
Changes in educational inequality in China, 1990-2005: Evidence from the population census data......Page 132
Introduction......Page 133
Gender and rural-urban educational inequality in China......Page 136
Trends in Gender and Regional Inequality in Basic Education......Page 138
Changes in Access to Senior High School Education and Beyond in the 1990s......Page 141
Data......Page 143
Variables......Page 144
Trends in Educational Attainment......Page 145
School Enrollment and Transitions......Page 148
Trends in gender and rural-urban educational inequality: Multivariate analysis......Page 150
Summary and conclusions......Page 155
Notes......Page 157
References......Page 158
PART III EDUCATIONAL DISPARITIES AND MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION POLICY IN KOREA......Page 162
Educational inequality in South Korea: The widening socioeconomic gap in student achievement......Page 164
Introduction......Page 165
Recent Socioeconomic and Demographic Changes in South Korea......Page 166
Recent Trends in South Korea’s Secondary Schooling......Page 170
Implications for Growing Educational Inequality in South Korea......Page 173
Data and Sample......Page 175
Measures......Page 176
Student Achievement......Page 177
Analytic Strategies......Page 178
Variance among Schools......Page 180
Trends in the Relationship between SES and Student Achievement......Page 181
Discussion......Page 183
Notes......Page 186
References......Page 187
Policy note: Diversification of the student population and multicultural educational policies in Korea......Page 192
Introduction......Page 193
Diversification of student populations and their education2......Page 195
Children of International Marriages......Page 196
Children of Foreign Workers......Page 197
Children of North Korean Defectors......Page 199
Multicultural educational policy in Korea......Page 200
Conclusion: Challenges ahead......Page 203
Notes......Page 205
References......Page 206
PART IV MIGRATION AND EDUCATION IN THE CITY-STATES OF EAST ASIA......Page 208
The educational progress of Mainland Chinese immigrant students in Hong Kong......Page 210
A brief immigration history......Page 211
Immigrant assimilation: Theoretical considerations......Page 213
Implications for Hong Kong......Page 215
Data......Page 219
Independent Variables......Page 221
Plan of analysis......Page 222
Achievement Gap by Nativity......Page 223
Explaining the Achievement Gap......Page 226
Other Covariates......Page 227
Interaction between Nativity and School Type......Page 229
Interaction between Nativity and Student’s Age......Page 231
Summary and conclusions......Page 234
References......Page 237
Postsecondary educational expansion and social integration in Hong Kong......Page 240
Background......Page 242
Effects of state control on civil society......Page 248
What do census data tell us about educational access in Hong Kong?......Page 252
The political response to educational opportunity......Page 265
Conclusions......Page 273
Notes......Page 274
References......Page 275
DAB (Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong)......Page 276
Sources: Interviews 2002-2007......Page 277
’Downed’ and stuck in Singapore: Lower/middle class South Korean wild geese (kirogi) children in Singapore
......Page 280
Introduction......Page 281
The Rise of Kirogi Educational Migration and Diversification of Destination Countries in Korea......Page 283
Transnational Educational Migrants......Page 286
The study and methodological issues......Page 290
Contexts of departure and reception: Why migrate and why Singapore?......Page 292
Transnational schooling in Singapore: Aspirations and realities......Page 296
’We Can Tell from Mothers’ Faces’: Contrasting Experiences of International School versus Local School......Page 297
Learning both Chinese and English......Page 299
Stuck in Singapore: The ’Downed’ and Tracking System in Public Schools......Page 302
Transnational Childhood and Adolescence: Reshaped Peer Group and Culture......Page 305
Triangulating the Ideal Time to Come and to Return......Page 307
Why not Return? Context of Return and Reconfiguration of Trajectories......Page 308
Conclusion: The grounded realities of transnational schooling......Page 312
Notes......Page 314
References......Page 315
Appendix......Page 319
