Globalization has created challenges and opportunities which all countries have to grapple with. Yongnian Zheng explores how China's leaders have embraced global capitalism and market-oriented modernization by encouraging individual enterprise and the reform of economic institutions. While open to importing Western ideas in rebuilding the economic system, the same leaders have been reluctant to import Western concepts of democracy and the rule of law. Zheng argues that, ultimately, this selectivity will impede China's progress in becoming a modern nation state.
Author(s): Yongnian Zheng
Series: Cambridge Asia-Pacific Studies
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2004
Language: English
Pages: 288
Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 5
Title......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
Dedication......Page 9
Contents......Page 11
Figures......Page 12
Tables......Page 13
Abbreviations......Page 15
Preface......Page 17
1 Globalization: State decline or state rebuilding?......Page 21
Globalizing China......Page 22
The rise of information society......Page 27
The weakening of the Chinese state......Page 29
Globalization and the state......Page 34
The argument......Page 38
The organization......Page 39
The scholarly context: the state and globalization......Page 42
Modern (Western) states......Page 45
The state and the globalization of the state......Page 47
Globalization and state transformation in China......Page 50
The Chinese state as an agent of globalization......Page 51
Globalization: Importation and innovation......Page 56
Globalism as a mindset......Page 59
Globalism as selective importation......Page 60
Political mobilization and identity building......Page 61
Importation of Western state products......Page 65
Reforms, legitimacy and selective importation......Page 70
Developmentalism as political legitimacy......Page 71
The failure of political reform in the 1980s......Page 72
Growth-based legitimacy in the 1990s......Page 73
Nationalism, selective importation and innovation......Page 76
4 Power, interests and the justification of capitalism: Constructing an interest-based political order......Page 80
Passions for an interest-based social order......Page 81
Economic expansion and political interests......Page 83
The rise of an interest-based social order......Page 86
How political order was affected......Page 90
Against an interest-based political order......Page 95
Constructing a new political order......Page 98
Conclusion......Page 102
The dynamics of bureaucratic restructuring......Page 103
The 1982 restructuring by Zhao Ziyang......Page 105
The 1988 restructuring by Li Peng......Page 109
The 1993 restructuring by Li Peng......Page 110
Market-building institutions under Zhu Rongji......Page 113
Institution-building, 1998......Page 116
Accommodating the market......Page 117
Breaking the military links with business......Page 120
The ETO and Zhu’s initial reform efforts......Page 122
The SETC (1993)......Page 123
The SETC (1998)......Page 124
Conclusion......Page 126
Fiscal decentralization......Page 129
The 1983–84 Reform: the li gai shui system......Page 130
The 1987 Reform: the contract responsibility system......Page 131
The institutional basis of central–local fiscal relations......Page 132
The power shift between the center and the provinces......Page 135
The 1994 Reform and fiscal federalism......Page 137
Financial liberalization and centralization......Page 139
Economic reform and banking institution-building......Page 141
The Asian financial crisis and financial centralization......Page 143
Central–local relations and the central bank......Page 144
Banking centralization after the Asian financial crisis......Page 145
Financial reform and a market economy......Page 147
Building a modern enterprise system......Page 149
Corporatization attempts 1993–97......Page 151
Reform of SOEs after 1997......Page 152
Economic nationalism and state-building......Page 154
7 State rebuilding, popular protest and collective action......Page 157
State-building and social movements......Page 158
State rebuilding and its discontents in China......Page 159
Information society and collective action......Page 160
Income disparities and social grievance......Page 162
Urban disparities......Page 164
Urban– rural disparities......Page 165
Corruption and moral decay......Page 166
The rise of social protests: farmers and workers......Page 168
Taxation reforms, rural burdens and farmers’ protests......Page 169
Capitalism, unemployment and labor movements......Page 175
Conclusion......Page 180
The rise of intellectual discourse in the post-Tiananmen era......Page 182
The philosophical foundation......Page 187
Globalism......Page 188
Democracy......Page 190
Civil society......Page 191
Constitutionalism......Page 192
Against globalization......Page 194
Against institutional fetishism......Page 197
Statism......Page 200
New collectivism......Page 202
Political and economic democracy......Page 203
Conclusion......Page 205
9 Globalization and towards a rule-based state governance?......Page 207
Rule of law or rule by law......Page 209
The party vs. the rule of law......Page 212
The party and governance crisis......Page 215
Return to tradition?......Page 217
Conclusion......Page 221
1 Globalization: State decline or state rebuilding?......Page 223
2 The state, leadership and globalization......Page 226
3 Globalism, nationalism and selective importation......Page 229
4 Power, interests, and the justification of capitalism......Page 232
5 Bureaucratic reform and market accommodation......Page 236
6 Building a modern economic state......Page 237
7 State rebuilding, popular protest and collective action......Page 240
8 Contending visions of the Chinese state......Page 245
9 Globalization and towards a rule-based state governance?......Page 249
Bibliography......Page 253
Index......Page 277
